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Dai Y, Zhang T, Jiang B, Mu W, Chen J, Hassanin HA. Dictyoglomus turgidum DSM 6724 α-Glucan Phosphorylase: Characterization and Its Application in Multi-enzyme Cascade Reaction for D-Tagatose Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3719-3731. [PMID: 34379312 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03624-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylase is a type of enzyme-producing sugar phosphates through the reversible phosphorolysis reactions of glycosides, which makes it an important starting enzyme in multi-enzyme systems for rare sugar biomanufacturing. To investigate its application in D-tagatose biosynthesis from maltodextrin using in vitro multi-enzyme cascade biosystem, the α-glucan phosphorylase (αGP; EC 2.4.1.1) from the thermophile D. turgidum DSM 6724 was prepared and characterized. It exhibited the specific activity of 30.28 U/mg at its optimal temperature of 70 °C. Thermostability results revealed that DituαGP could maintain more than 25% of initial activity for 4 h, even at 90 °C. The highest activity was observed at pH 5.5, and most divalent metal ions deactivated the enzyme. DituαGP exhibited great application potential in the multi-enzyme system that about 3.919 g/L of D-tagatose was produced from 150 g/L of maltodextrin within 36 h. DituαGP has played an important role in this biosystem and will also be applied in the synthesis of other rare sugars from maltodextrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory On Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hinawi Am Hassanin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
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Thermostable alpha-glucan phosphorylases: characteristics and industrial applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8187-8202. [PMID: 30043268 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9233-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
α-Glucan phosphorylases (α-GPs) catalyze the reversible phosphorolysis of α-1,4-linked polysaccharides such as glycogen, starch, and maltodextrins, therefore playing a central role in the usage of storage polysaccharides. The discovery of these enzymes and their role in the course of catalytic conversion of glycogen was rewarded with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1947. Nowadays, however, thermostable representatives attract special attention due to their vast potential in the enzymatic production of diverse carbohydrates and derivatives such as (functional) oligo- and (non-natural) polysaccharides, artificial starch, glycosides, and nucleotide sugars. One of the most recently explored utilizations of α-GPs is their role in the multi-enzymatic process of energy production stored in carbohydrate biobatteries. Regardless of their use, thermostable α-GPs offer significant advantages and facilitated bioprocess design due to their high operational temperatures. Here, we present an overview and comparison of up-to-date characterized thermostable α-GPs with a special focus on their reported biotechnological applications.
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Zhou W, You C, Ma H, Ma Y, Zhang YHP. One-Pot Biosynthesis of High-Concentration α-Glucose 1-Phosphate from Starch by Sequential Addition of Three Hyperthermophilic Enzymes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1777-1783. [PMID: 26832825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
α-Glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) is synthesized from 5% (w/v) corn starch and 1 M phosphate mediated by α-glucan phosphorylase (αGP) from the thermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima at pH 7.2 and 70 °C. To increase G1P yield from corn starch containing branched amylopectin, a hyper-thermostable isoamylase from Sulfolobus tokodaii was added for simultaneous starch gelatinization and starch-debranching hydrolysis at 85 °C and pH 5.5 before αGP use. The pretreatment of isoamylase increased G1P titer from 120 mM to 170 mM. To increase maltose and maltotriose utilization, the third thermostable enzyme, 4-glucanotransferase (4GT) from Thermococcus litoralis, was added during the late stage of G1P biotransformation, further increasing G1P titer to 200 mM. This titer is the highest G1P level obtained on starch or its derived products (maltodextrin and soluble starch). This study suggests that in vitro multienzyme biotransformation has an advantage of great engineering flexibility in terms of space and time compared with microbial fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Chun You
- Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc. , 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Hongwu Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Y-H Percival Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 West Seventh Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
- Cell Free Bioinnovations Inc. , 1800 Kraft Drive, Suite 222, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Tech , 304 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Enzymatic and regulatory properties of the trehalose-6-phosphate synthase from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum. Biochimie 2014; 101:215-20. [PMID: 24508535 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase plays an important role in trehalose metabolism. It catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose (UDPG) to glucose 6-phosphate to produce trehalose-6-phosphate. Herein we describe the characterization of a trehalose-6-phosphate synthase from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum. The dimeric enzyme could utilize UDPG, ADP-Glucose (ADPG) and GDP-Glucose (GDPG) as glycosyl donors and various phosphorylated monosaccharides as glycosyl acceptors. The optimal temperature and pH were found to be 60 °C and pH 6, and the enzyme exhibited notable pH and thermal stability. The enzymatic activity could be stimulated by divalent metal ions and polyanions heparin and chondroitin sulfate. Moreover, the protein was considerably resistant to additives ethanol, EDTA, urea, DTT, SDS, β-mercaptoethanol, methanol, isopropanol and n-butanol. Molecular modeling and mutagenesis analysis revealed that the N-loop region was important for the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme, indicating different roles of N-loop sequences in different trehalose-6-phosphate synthases.
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Liu T, Hao L, Wang R, Liu B. Molecular characterization of a thermostable aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7. Extremophiles 2012; 17:181-90. [PMID: 23224332 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a widely distributed enzyme in nature. Although many ALDHs have been reported until now, the detailed enzymatic properties of ALDH from Archaea remain elusive. Herein, we describe the characterization of an ALDH from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii. The enzyme (stALDH) could utilize various aldehydes as substrates, and maximal activity was found with acetaldehyde and the coenzyme NAD. The optimal temperature and pH were 80 °C and 8, respectively, and high thermostability was found with the half-life at 90 °C to be 4 h. The enzyme was considerably resistant to nitroglycerin (GTN) inhibition, which could be restored by reducing agent DTT or (±)-α-lipoic acid. Coenzyme NAD or NADP could regulate the enzymatic thermostability, as well as the esterase activity. Molecular modeling suggested that the enzyme harbored similar structural arrangement with its eukaryotic and bacterial counterparts. Sequence alignment showed the conserved catalytic residues E240 and C274 and cofactor interactive sites N142, K165, I168 and E370, the function of which were verified by site-directed mutagenesis analysis. This is the most thermostable ALDH reported until now and the unique property of this enzyme is potentially beneficial in the fields of biotechnology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Liu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Shandong Polytechnic University, Jinan, 250353, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Ye X, Rollin J, Zhang YHP. Thermophilic α-glucan phosphorylase from Clostridium thermocellum: Cloning, characterization and enhanced thermostability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Efficient Synthesis of α-D-Glucose-1-Phosphate by Maltodextrin Phosphorylase Immobilized on Amino-functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(10)60116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Mueller M, Takemasa R, Schwarz A, Atomi H, Nidetzky B. “Short-chain” α-1,4-glucan phosphorylase having a truncated N-terminal domain: Functional expression and characterization of the enzyme from Sulfolobus solfataricus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1794:1709-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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