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Gampa M, Nagar S, Kumari K, Tanwar E, Goyal S, Kumar V, Singh B. Cyclic extraction of phosphate from soybean meal using immobilized Aspergillus oryzae SBS50 phytase. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:39-55. [PMID: 37962643 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytase enzyme found in plants, animals, and microorganisms is mainly involved in catalyzing the systematic removal of a phosphate group from phytic acid. Enzyme immobilization is one of the cost-effective methods for the wide usage of enzymes in the industrial sector. This paper reports the covalent immobilization of phytase on glutaraldehyde-activated aluminum oxide beads. The immobilization yield, efficiency, and activation energy were found to be 47.8%, 71.5%, and 15.78 J/mol, respectively. The bound enzyme displayed a shift in pH optima from 5.5 to 4.5, which is more beneficial to increase digestibility in comparison with the free enzyme. Immobilized phytase retained 42.60% of its activity after 1.0 h incubation at 80 °C, whereas free enzyme retained only 4.20% of its activity. Thermodynami increase in half-lives, D-values, enthalpy and free energy change after covalent immobilization could be credited to the enhanced stability. Immobilized phytase could be reused for five consecutive cycles retaining 51% of its initial activity with sodium phytate. The immobilized phytase was also found effective to hydrolyze the soybean meal, thus increasing the digestibility of poultry feed. The hydrolyzing reaction of soybean meal was carried out for six consecutive cycles and immobilized phytase retained nearly 50% of activity till the fifth cycle. The amount of phosphorus released after treatment with immobilized phytase was far higher than that from free phytase. Immobilization on this support is significant, as this support can sustain high mechanical resistance at high pH and temperature. This considerable stability and reusability of the bound enzyme may be advantageous for its industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallesh Gampa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sushil Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
| | - Kajal Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Ekta Tanwar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sakshi Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
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Filippovich SY, Isakova EP, Gessler NN, Deryabina YI. Advances in immobilization of phytases and their application. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 379:129030. [PMID: 37037335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The review describes the advances in the phytase immobilization for the past decade and their biotechnological applications. Different approaches for phytase immobilization are described including the process using organic and inorganic matrices and microbial cells, as well as nanostructures of various nature. Moreover, the immobilization of phytase-producing microbial cells and the use of cross-linked phytase aggregates have been under consideration. A detailed classification of various carriers for immobilization of phytases and the possibility of their applications are presented. A particular attention is drawn to a breakthrough approach of biotechnological significance to the design of microencapsulation of bacterial phytase from Obesumbacterium proteus in the recombinant extremophile of Yarrowia lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Yu Filippovich
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Elena P Isakova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Natalia N Gessler
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
| | - Yulia I Deryabina
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Fundamentals of Biotechnology Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia.
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Pragya, Sharma KK, Kumar A, Singh D, Kumar V, Singh B. Immobilized phytases: an overview of different strategies, support material, and their applications in improving food and feed nutrition. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:5465-5487. [PMID: 34965785 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2020719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Phytases are the most widely used food and feed enzymes, which aid in nutritional improvement by reducing anti-nutritional factor. Despite the benefits, enzymes usage in the industry is restricted by several factors such as their short life-span and poor reusability, which result in high costs for large-scale utilization at commercial scale. Furthermore, under pelleting conditions such as high temperatures, pH, and other factors, the enzyme becomes inactive due to lesser stability. Immobilization of phytases has been suggested as a way to overcome these limitations with improved performance. Matrices used to immobilize phytases include inorganic (Hydroxypatite, zeolite, and silica), organic (Polyacrylamide, epoxy resins, alginate, chitosan, and starch agar), soluble matrix (Polyvinyl alcohol), and nanomaterials including nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanotubes. Several surface analysis methods, including thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and FTIR analysis, have been used to characterize immobilized phytase. Immobilized phytases have been used in a broad range of biotechnological applications such as animal feed, biodegradation of food phytates, preparations of myo-inositol phosphates, and sulfoxidation by vanadate-substituted peroxidase. This article provides information on different matrices used for phytase immobilization from the last two decades, including the process of immobilization and support material, surface analysis techniques, and multifarious biotechnological applications of the immobilized phytases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Botany, Pt. N.R.S. Govt. College, Rohtak, India
| | - Davender Singh
- Department of Physics, RPS Degree College, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Botany, Shivaji College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, India
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Lahiji S, Hemmati R, Homaei A, Saffar B, Ghorbani M. Improved thermal stability of phytase from Yersinia intermedia by physical adsorption immobilization on amino-multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2217-2228. [PMID: 34142205 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02598-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phytase is used in poultry diets to hydrolyze and release of phytate-bound phosphorus. Immobilization on nanomaterials optimizes enzyme's thermal stability and reusability. This study aimed to immobilize the recombinant phytase from Yersinia intermedia on the surface of amino-multi-walled carbon nanotubes (amino-MWCNTs) by physical adsorption. For this, zeta potential measurement, FTIR spectroscopic analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), kinetic as well as thermodynamic parameters were used to characterize immobilized phytase on amino-MWCNTs. According to results, the optimum temperature of the immobilized phytase increased from 50 to 70 °C and also thermal and pH stability improved considerably. Moreover, immobilization led to an increase in the value of Km and kcat from 0.13 to 0.33 mM and 2220 to 2776 s-1, respectively. In addition, the changes in activation energy of thermal inactivation (ΔE#a (D)), the free energy of thermal inactivation (ΔG#D) and the enthalpy of thermal inactivation (ΔH#D) for immobilized phytase increased by +11.05, +24.7 and +11.4 kj/mole, respectively, while the value of the change in the entropy of thermal inactivation (ΔS#D) decreased by - 0.04 kj/mole.K. Overall, our results showed that adsorption immobilization of phytase on amino-MWCNTs increases thermal, pH and storage stability as well as some of kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Lahiji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Roohullah Hemmati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Behnaz Saffar
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Sharekord, Iran
| | - Mansoureh Ghorbani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Lopes MM, Coutinho TC, Malafatti JOD, Paris EC, Sousa CPD, Farinas CS. Immobilization of phytase on zeolite modified with iron(II) for use in the animal feed and food industry sectors. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ugwuodo CJ, Nwagu TN. Stabilizing enzymes by immobilization on bacterial spores: A review of literature. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:238-250. [PMID: 33115650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing applications of enzymes are limited by the relatively poor performance in harsh processing conditions. As a result, there are constant innovations in immobilization protocols for improving biocatalyst activity and stability. Bacterial spores are cheap to generate and highly resistant to environmental stress. The spore core is sheathed by an inner membrane, the germ cell wall, the cortex, outer membrane, spore coat and in some species the exosporium. The spore surface is anion-rich, hydrophobic and contains several reactive groups capable of interacting and stabilizing enzyme molecules through electrostatic forces, hydrophobic interactions and covalent bonding. The probiotic nature of spores obtained from non-toxic bacterial species makes them suitable carriers for the enzyme immobilization, especially food-grade enzymes or those intended for therapeutic use. Immobilization on spores is by direct adsorption, covalent attachment or surface display during the sporulation phase. Hindrances to the immobilization on spore matrix include the production rates, operational instability, and reduced catalytic properties due to conformational changes in enzyme. This paper reviews bacterial spore as a heterofunctional support matrix gives reasons why probiotic bacillus spores are better options and the diverse technologies adopted for spore-enzyme immobilization. It further suggests directions for future use and discusses the commercialization prospects.
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Coutinho TC, Tardioli PW, Farinas CS. Phytase Immobilization on Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Improves Its Properties for Use in Animal Feed. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:270-292. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Chen KI, Chiang CY, Ko CY, Huang HY, Cheng KC. Reduction of Phytic Acid in Soymilk by Immobilized Phytase System. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2963-2969. [PMID: 30461023 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, three carriers (glass microsphere, cellulose beads and AlgNa/PVA beads) were evaluated as phytase solid carriers for reduction of phytic acid within soymilk. Phytase was covalently immobilized onto or entrapped within carriers for repeated use. Glass microsphere was chosen due to its high catalytic efficiency. Optimal operating condition (pH 6.0, 60 °C) was determined using 4-Nitrophenyl phosphate disodium salt hexahydrate as an indicator. Operational reusability was confirmed for more than seven batch reactions and the storage stability was capable of sustaining 70% of its catalytic activity for 40 days. The kinetic parameters including rate constant (K), time (τ50 ) in which 50% of phytic acid hydrolysis was reached, and time (τcomplete ) required to achieve complete phytic acid hydrolysis, were 0.023 min-1 , 35.7 min, 110 min. The current procedure provides a cheap as well as an easy way to carry out the reduction of phytic acid in soymilk, which has great potential in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan I Chen
- Graduate Inst. of Food Science & Technology, National Taiwan Univ., No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Yen Chiang
- Div. of Urology, Dept. of Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, Taiwan 1492, Chung-Shan Road,Taoyuan District, Taoyuan, 330, Taiwan
| | - Chih Yuan Ko
- Graduate Inst. of Food Science & Technology, National Taiwan Univ., No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Dept. of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical Univ., Quanzhou, China
| | - Hui Yu Huang
- Dept. of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien Univ., Taipei City, 10462, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Chen Cheng
- Graduate Inst. of Food Science & Technology, National Taiwan Univ., No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Inst. of Biotechnology, National Taiwan Univ., No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan.,Dept. of Medical Research, China Medical Univ. Hospital, China Medical Univ., 91, Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
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Liburdi K, Emiliani Spinelli S, Benucci I, Lombardelli C, Esti M. A preliminary study of continuous milk coagulation using Cynara cardunculus flower extract and calf rennet immobilized on magnetic particles. Food Chem 2018; 239:157-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Harati J, Ranaei Siadat SO, Taghavian H, Kaboli S, Khorshidi S. Improvement in biochemical characteristics of glycosylated phytase through immobilization on nanofibers. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Immobilized lysozyme for the continuous lysis of lactic bacteria in wine: Bench-scale fluidized-bed reactor study. Food Chem 2016; 210:49-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Kahar UM, Sani MH, Chan KG, Goh KM. Immobilization of α-Amylase from Anoxybacillus sp. SK3-4 on ReliZyme and Immobead Supports. Molecules 2016; 21:E1196. [PMID: 27618002 PMCID: PMC6273902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Amylase from Anoxybacillus sp. SK3-4 (ASKA) is a thermostable enzyme that produces a high level of maltose from starches. A truncated ASKA (TASKA) variant with improved expression and purification efficiency was characterized in an earlier study. In this work, TASKA was purified and immobilized through covalent attachment on three epoxide (ReliZyme EP403/M, Immobead IB-150P, and Immobead IB-150A) and an amino-epoxide (ReliZyme HFA403/M) activated supports. Several parameters affecting immobilization were analyzed, including the pH, temperature, and quantity (mg) of enzyme added per gram of support. The influence of the carrier surface properties, pore sizes, and lengths of spacer arms (functional groups) on biocatalyst performances were studied. Free and immobilized TASKAs were stable at pH 6.0-9.0 and active at pH 8.0. The enzyme showed optimal activity and considerable stability at 60 °C. Immobilized TASKA retained 50% of its initial activity after 5-12 cycles of reuse. Upon degradation of starches and amylose, only immobilized TASKA on ReliZyme HFA403/M has comparable hydrolytic ability with the free enzyme. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an immobilization study of an α-amylase from Anoxybacillus spp. and the first report of α-amylase immobilization using ReliZyme and Immobeads as supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummirul Mukminin Kahar
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Helmi Sani
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Kian Mau Goh
- Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
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Zhang W, Xu F, Wang D. Fabrication of phospho-phytase/heteroatomic hierarchical Fe-ZSM-5 zeolite (HHFeZ) bio-conjugates for eco-sustainable utilization of phytate-phosphorus. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01385a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Immobilization and stabilization of α-galactosidase on Sepabeads EC-EA and EC-HA. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:855-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Prlainović NŽ, Knežević-Jugović ZD, Mijin DŽ, Bezbradica DI. Immobilization of lipase from Candida rugosa on Sepabeads®: the effect of lipase oxidation by periodates. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 34:803-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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