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Microbial Lipases and Their Potential in the Production of Pharmaceutical Building Blocks. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179933. [PMID: 36077332 PMCID: PMC9456414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes involving lipases in obtaining active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are crucial to increase the sustainability of the industry. Despite their lower production cost, microbial lipases are striking for their versatile catalyzing reactions beyond their physiological role. In the context of taking advantage of microbial lipases in reactions for the synthesis of API building blocks, this review focuses on: (i) the structural origins of the catalytic properties of microbial lipases, including the results of techniques such as single particle monitoring (SPT) and the description of its selectivity beyond the Kazlauskas rule as the “Mirror-Image Packing” or the “Key Region(s) rule influencing enantioselectivity” (KRIE); (ii) immobilization methods given the conferred operative advantages in industrial applications and their modulating capacity of lipase properties; and (iii) a comprehensive description of microbial lipases use as a conventional or promiscuous catalyst in key reactions in the organic synthesis (Knoevenagel condensation, Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reactions, Markovnikov additions, Baeyer–Villiger oxidation, racemization, among others). Finally, this review will also focus on a research perspective necessary to increase microbial lipases application development towards a greener industry.
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2
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Liu C, Steer DL, Song H, He L. Superior Binding of Proteins on a Silica Surface: Physical Insight into the Synergetic Contribution of Polyhistidine and a Silica-Binding Peptide. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1609-1616. [PMID: 35142521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controllable protein attachment onto solid interfaces is essential for the functionality of proteins with broad applications. Silica-binding peptides (SBPs) have emerged as an important tool enabling convenient binding of proteins onto a silica surface. Surprisingly, we found that removal of polyhistidines, a common tag for protein purification, dramatically decrease the binding affinity of a SBP-tagged nanobody onto a silica surface. We hypothesized that polyhistidines and SBPs can be combined to enhance affinity. Through a series of purposely designed SBPs, we identified that the relative orientation of amino acids is a key factor affecting the surface binding strength. One re-engineered SBP, SBP4, exhibits a 4000-fold improvement compared to the original sequence. Guided by physical insights, the work provides a simple strategy that can dramatically improve affinity between a SBP and a silica surface, promising a new way for controllable immobilization of proteins, as demonstrated using nanobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - David L Steer
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Haipeng Song
- Shenzhen Innova Nanobodi Company, 1301 Sightseeing Road, Shengzhen, Guangdong 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhong He
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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3
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Drozd R, Szymańska M, Przygrodzka K, Hoppe J, Leniec G, Kowalska U. The Simple Method of Preparation of Highly Carboxylated Bacterial Cellulose with Ni- and Mg-Ferrite-Based Versatile Magnetic Carrier for Enzyme Immobilization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168563. [PMID: 34445267 PMCID: PMC8395317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial cellulose (BC) is a versatile biopolymer of microbial origin characterized by high purity and unusual water and material properties. However, the native BC contains a low number of functional groups, which significantly limits its further application. The main goal of its effective modification is to use methods that allow the unusual properties of BC to be retained and the desired functional group to be efficiently introduced. In the present study, the new magnetic carrier based on functionalized citric acid (CA) bacterial cellulose was developed and tested to support critical industrial enzymes such as lipase B from Candida antarctica and phospholipase A from Aspergillus oryzae. The applied method allowed BC to be effectively modified by citric acid and a sufficient number of carboxylic groups to be introduced, up to 3.6 mmol of COOH per gram of dry mass of the prepared carrier. The DSC and TGA analyses revealed carrier stability at operational temperatures in the range of 20 °C to 100 °C and substantially influenced the amount of the introduced carboxyl groups on carrier properties. Both enzymes’ immobilization significantly improves their thermal stability at 60 °C without a significant thermal and pH optima effect. The analyzed enzymes showed good operational stability with a significant residual activity after ten cycles of repeated uses. The new magnetic carrier based on highly carboxylated bacterial cellulose has a high application capability as matrix for immobilization the various enzymes of industrial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Drozd
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 45 Piastów Avenue, 71-311 Szczecin, Poland; (M.S.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-517-456-798
| | - Magdalena Szymańska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 45 Piastów Avenue, 71-311 Szczecin, Poland; (M.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Przygrodzka
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 45 Piastów Avenue, 71-311 Szczecin, Poland; (M.S.); (K.P.)
| | - Jakub Hoppe
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, UL. Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
- Poznan Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, Rubież 46 Str., 61-612 Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Leniec
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 48 Piastów Avenue, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Urszula Kowalska
- Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Science and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 35 Klemensa Janickiego Str., 71-270 Szczecin, Poland;
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Donate R, Alemán-Domínguez ME, Monzón M. On the Effectiveness of Oxygen Plasma and Alkali Surface Treatments to Modify the Properties of Polylactic Acid Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101643. [PMID: 34070229 PMCID: PMC8158707 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface modification of 3D-printed PLA structures is a major issue in terms of increasing the biofunctionality and expanding the tissue engineering applications of these parts. In this paper, different exposure times were used for low-pressure oxygen plasma applied to PLA 3D-printed scaffolds. Alkali surface treatments were also evaluated, aiming to compare the modifications introduced on the surface properties by each strategy. Surface-treated samples were characterized through the quantification of carboxyl groups, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The change in the surface properties was studied over a two-week period. In addition, an enzymatic degradation analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of the surface treatments on the degradation profile of the 3D structures. The physicochemical characterization results suggest different mechanism pathways for each type of treatment. Alkali-treated scaffolds showed a higher concentration of carboxyl groups on their surface, which enhanced the enzymatic degradation rate, but were also proven to be more aggressive towards 3D-printed structures. In contrast, the application of the plasma treatments led to an increased hydrophilicity of the PLA surface without affecting the bulk properties. However, the changes on the properties were less steady over time.
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Athapattu US, Amarasekara CA, Immel JR, Bloom S, Barany F, Nagel AC, Soper SA. Solid-phase XRN1 reactions for RNA cleavage: application in single-molecule sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:e41. [PMID: 33511416 PMCID: PMC8053086 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifications in RNA are numerous (∼170) and in higher numbers compared to DNA (∼5) making the ability to sequence an RNA molecule to identify these modifications highly tenuous using next generation sequencing (NGS). The ability to immobilize an exoribonuclease enzyme, such as XRN1, to a solid support while maintaining its activity and capability to cleave both the canonical and modified ribonucleotides from an intact RNA molecule can be a viable approach for single-molecule RNA sequencing. In this study, we report an enzymatic reactor consisting of covalently attached XRN1 to a solid support as the groundwork for a novel RNA exosequencing technique. The covalent attachment of XRN1 to a plastic solid support was achieved using EDC/NHS coupling chemistry. Studies showed that the solid-phase digestion efficiency of model RNAs was 87.6 ± 2.8%, while the XRN1 solution-phase digestion for the same model was 78.3 ± 4.4%. The ability of immobilized XRN1 to digest methylated RNA containing m6A and m5C ribonucleotides was also demonstrated. The processivity and clipping rate of immobilized XRN1 secured using single-molecule fluorescence measurements of a single RNA transcript demonstrated a clipping rate of 26 ± 5 nt s-1 and a processivity of >10.5 kb at 25°C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jacob R Immel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Steven Bloom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | | | | | - Steven A Soper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Sunflower Genomics, Inc., Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology and KU Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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6
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Chou C, Syu S, Chang JH, Aimar P, Chang Y. Bioinspired Pseudozwitterionic Hydrogels with Bioactive Enzyme Immobilization via pH-Responsive Regulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:1909-1918. [PMID: 30343571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are hydrated networks of flexible polymers with versatile biomedical applications, and their resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption is critical. On the other hand, functionalization with other biomacromolecules would greatly enhance their biotechnological potential. The aim of this research is to prepare low fouling hydrogel polymers for selective protein immobilization. Initially, hydrogels were prepared by controlling the composition ratios of 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CA) and 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) monomers in an N, N-methylene-bis-acrylamide (NMBA) cross-linked free radical polymerization reaction. This series of hydrogels (C1D9 to C9D1) were then analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and dynamic laser scattering to confirm the actual polymer ratios and surface charge. When the composition ratio was set at CA:6 vs DMEAMA:4 (C6D4), the hydrogel showed nearly neutral surface charge and an equivalent reaction ratio of CA vs DMAEMA in the hydrogel. Subsequent analysis showed excellent antifouling properties, low blood cell adhesion, hemocompatibility, and platelet deactivation. Moreover, this hydrogel exhibited pH responsiveness to protein adsorption and was then used to facilitate the immobilization of lipase as an indication of active protein functionalization while still maintaining a low fouling status. In summary, a mixed-charge nonfouling pseudozwitterionic hydrogel could be prepared, and its pH-responsive adsorption holds potential for designing a biocompatible tissue engineering matrix or membrane enzyme reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungjung Chou
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering , Chung Yuan Christian University , Chungli District , Taoyuan 320 , Taiwan , R.O.C
| | - Sioujyuan Syu
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering , Chung Yuan Christian University , Chungli District , Taoyuan 320 , Taiwan , R.O.C
| | - Jen-Hsuan Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering , Chung Yuan Christian University , Chungli District , Taoyuan 320 , Taiwan , R.O.C
| | - Pierre Aimar
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique , Université Paul Sabatier , 118 Route de Narbonne , 31062 Toulouse , Cedex 9 , France
| | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering , Chung Yuan Christian University , Chungli District , Taoyuan 320 , Taiwan , R.O.C
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7
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Cao H, Liu L, Xu F, Yu J, Ye T, Yuan M. Immobilization of Neutral Protease from Bacillus Subtilis via a High-affinity Ligand. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.171033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Cao
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Liu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Jingsong Yu
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Tai Ye
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
| | - Min Yuan
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P. R. China
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8
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Efficient immobilization of AGE and NAL enzymes onto functional amino resin as recyclable and high-performance biocatalyst. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 40:331-340. [PMID: 27848098 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase (AGE) and N-acetylneuraminic acid lyase (NAL) were immobilized for synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) on three resins: Amberzyme oxirane resin (AOR), poly (styrene-co-DVB)-Br resin (PBR) and amino resin (AR). The loading capacity and immobilized enzyme activity showed that AR was the best carrier. Three methods of glutaraldehyde cross-linking were tested and simultaneous cross-linking and immobilization was demonstrated to be the best method. The functional properties of immobilized AGE and NAL were studied and compared to those of the free enzyme. The highest enzyme activities of free and immobilized AGE were obtained in 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7.5 and a temperature of 37 °C. Comparatively, the highest NAL activities were at pH 8.5. Meanwhile, an increase in K m (from 1.14 to 1.31 mg·mL-1 for AGE and from 1.05 to 1.25 mg·mL-1 for NAL) and a decrease in V max (from 177.53 to 106.37 µg·min-1 mL-1 for AGE and from 126.41 to 95.96 µg·min-1 mL-1 for NAL) were recorded after immobilization. The AR-glutaraldehyde-enzyme system exhibited better thermal stability than the free enzyme, and retained 72% of its initial activity even after eight repeated runs. The apparent activation energy (E a) of the free and immobilized AGE (NAL) was 117.14 kJ·mol-1 (124.21 kJ·mol-1) and 78.45 kJ·mol-1 (66.64 kJ·mol-1), respectively, implying that the catalytic efficiency of the immobilized enzyme was restricted by mass-transfer rather than kinetic limit. Subsequently, Neu5Ac production from GlcNAc using immobilized enzymes in one reactor was carried out resulting 101.45 g·L-1 of Neu5Ac and the highest conversion ratio of 82%. This method of enzyme immobilization may have a promising future for Neu5Ac production in industry.
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9
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Li W, Wen H, Shi Q, Zheng G. Study on immobilization of (+) γ-lactamase using a new type of epoxy graphene oxide carrier. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Neta NS, Teixeira JA, Rodrigues LR. Sugar ester surfactants: enzymatic synthesis and applications in food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:595-610. [PMID: 24915370 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.667461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sugar esters are non-ionic surfactants that can be synthesized in a single enzymatic reaction step using lipases. The stability and efficiency of lipases under unusual conditions and using non-conventional media can be significantly improved through immobilization and protein engineering. Also, the development of de novo enzymes has seen a significant increase lately under the scope of the new field of synthetic biology. Depending on the esterification degree and the nature of fatty acid and/or sugar, a range of sugar esters can be synthesized. Due to their surface activity and emulsifying capacity, sugar esters are promising for applications in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nair S Neta
- a Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre of Biological Engineering , University of Minho , Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga , Portugal
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11
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Küchler A, Adamcik J, Mezzenga R, Schlüter AD, Walde P. Enzyme immobilization on silicate glass through simple adsorption of dendronized polymer–enzyme conjugates for localized enzymatic cascade reactions. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06268c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugation of enzymes to a dendronized polymer via bis-aryl hydrazone bonds enables simple and stable enzyme immobilisation on unmodified glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Küchler
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Jozef Adamcik
- Laboratory of Food & Soft Materials
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology
- ETH Zürich
- 8092 Zürich
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Laboratory of Food & Soft Materials
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology
- ETH Zürich
- 8092 Zürich
| | - A. Dieter Schlüter
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
| | - Peter Walde
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
- Department of Materials
- ETH Zürich
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
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12
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Guadarrama-Fernández L, Chanona-Pérez J, Manzo-Robledo A, Calderón-Domínguez G, Martínez-Rivas A, Ortiz-López J, Vargas-García JR. Characterization of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes for use in an enzymatic sensor. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2014; 20:1479-1485. [PMID: 25156941 DOI: 10.1017/s143192761401304x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have proven to be materials with great potential for the construction of biosensors. Development of fast, simple, and low cost biosensors to follow reactions in bioprocesses, or to detect food contaminants such as toxins, chemical compounds, and microorganisms, is presently an important research topic. This report includes microscopy and spectroscopy to characterize raw and chemically modified multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) synthesized by chemical vapor deposition with the intention of using them as the active transducer in bioprocessing sensors. MWCNT were simultaneously purified and functionalized by an acid mixture involving HNO3-H2SO4 and amyloglucosidase attached onto the chemically modified MWCNT surface. A 49.0% decrease in its enzymatic activity was observed. Raw, purified, and enzyme-modified MWCNTs were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. These studies confirmed purification and functionalization of the CNTs. Finally, cyclic voltammetry electrochemistry was used for electrical characterization of CNTs, which showed promising results that can be useful for construction of electrochemical biosensors applied to biological areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Guadarrama-Fernández
- 1Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Plan de Ayala y Carpio S/N,Colonia Santo Tomas,CP 11340 México City,México
| | - Jorge Chanona-Pérez
- 1Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Plan de Ayala y Carpio S/N,Colonia Santo Tomas,CP 11340 México City,México
| | - Arturo Manzo-Robledo
- 2Laboratorio de Electroquímica y Corrosión,Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Edif. Z-5, 3er. Piso. UPALM-Zacatenco,CP 07738,México City,México
| | - Georgina Calderón-Domínguez
- 1Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica,Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Plan de Ayala y Carpio S/N,Colonia Santo Tomas,CP 11340 México City,México
| | - Adrián Martínez-Rivas
- 3Centro de Investigación en Computación,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n casi esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizábal,UPALM-Zacatenco,C.P. 07738,Del. Gustavo A. Madero,Mexico City,Mexico
| | - Jaime Ortiz-López
- 4Escuela Superior de Físico Matemáticas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Edif. 9 UPALM-Zacatenco,CP 07738,México City,México
| | - Jorge Roberto Vargas-García
- 5Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas,Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Edif 7,UPALM-Zacatenco,CP 07738,México City,México
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Wu P, Fu Y, Cai K. Regulation of the migration of endothelial cells by a gradient density of vascular endothelial growth factor. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 123:181-90. [PMID: 25262406 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of the surface gradient density of growth factor on the migration of endothelial cells (ECs), an approach to fabricate a gradient density of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) onto silicon slides has been developed in this study. Our approach involves gradual injection of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimeth oxysilane (GPTMS) and then back filling with 3-triethoxysilylpropyl succinicanhydride (TESPSA) to produce a gradient density of carboxyl groups (-COOH) onto the silicon slides. The -COOH moieties were then activated for the immobilization of VEGF, which leading to a surface gradient density of VEGF. The successful formation of both carboxyl and VEGF gradient densities were confirmed by contact angle measurement, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The treated silicon slide displayed a gradient density of VEGF from 54 to 132 ng/cm2 with a slope of 7.8 ng/cm2/mm. ECs cultured on the surface gradient density of VEGF demonstrated preferential orientation and an enhanced directional migration behavior. Up to 72% of cells migrated towards the region with high surface density of VEGF. However, the gradient density of VEGF had no significant effect on the cell migration rate. The study provides an alternative to explore chemical-directing cells migration, which is essentially important for understanding cell migration/in-growth behavior for angiogenesis involved in implant technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Ya Fu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science & Technology, Chongqing 401331, PR China.
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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Coal fly ash ceramics: preparation, characterization, and use in the hydrolysis of sucrose. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:154651. [PMID: 25110726 PMCID: PMC4106207 DOI: 10.1155/2014/154651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coal ash is a byproduct of mineral coal combustion in thermal power plants. This residue is responsible for many environmental problems because it pollutes soil, water, and air. Thus, it is important to find ways to reuse it. In this study, coal fly ash, obtained from the Presidente Médici Thermal Power Plant, was utilized in the preparation of ceramic supports for the immobilization of the enzyme invertase and subsequent hydrolysis of sucrose. Coal fly ash supports were prepared at several compaction pressures (63.66–318.30 MPa) and sintered at 1200°C for 4 h. Mineralogical composition (by X-ray diffraction) and surface area were studied. The ceramic prepared with 318.30 MPa presented the highest surface area (35 m2/g) and amount of immobilized enzyme per g of support (76.6 mg/g). In assays involving sucrose inversion, it showed a high degree of hydrolysis (around 81%) even after nine reuses and 30 days' storage. Therefore, coal fly ash ceramics were demonstrated to be a promising biotechnological alternative as an immobilization support for the hydrolysis of sucrose.
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15
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Oliver-Calixte NJ, Uba FI, Battle KN, Weerakoon-Ratnayake KM, Soper SA. Immobilization of lambda exonuclease onto polymer micropillar arrays for the solid-phase digestion of dsDNAs. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4447-54. [PMID: 24628008 PMCID: PMC4018173 DOI: 10.1021/ac5002965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
process of immobilizing enzymes onto solid supports for bioreactions
has some compelling advantages compared to their solution-based counterpart
including the facile separation of enzyme from products, elimination
of enzyme autodigestion, and increased enzyme stability and activity.
We report the immobilization of λ-exonuclease onto poly(methylmethacrylate)
(PMMA) micropillars populated within a microfluidic device for the
on-chip digestion of double-stranded DNA. Enzyme immobilization was
successfully accomplished using 3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) coupling to carboxylic acid
functionalized PMMA micropillars. Our results suggest that the efficiency
for the catalysis of dsDNA digestion using λ-exonuclease, including
its processivity and reaction rate, were higher when the enzyme was
attached to a solid support compared to the free solution digestion.
We obtained a clipping rate of 1.0 × 103 nucleotides
s–1 for the digestion of λ-DNA (48.5 kbp)
by λ-exonuclease. The kinetic behavior of the solid-phase reactor
could be described by a fractal Michaelis–Menten model with
a catalytic efficiency nearly 17% better than the homogeneous solution-phase
reaction. The results from this work will have important ramifications
in new single-molecule DNA sequencing strategies that employ free
mononucleotide identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyoté J Oliver-Calixte
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Ye P, Xu YJ, Han ZP, Hu PC, Zhao ZL, Lu XL, Ni HG. Probing effects of bile salt on lipase adsorption at air/solution interface by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Immobilization studies and biochemical properties of free and immobilized Candida Rugosa lipase onto hydrophobic group carrying polymeric support. Macromol Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-013-1026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Li B, Chen Y, Chen X, Liu D, Niu H, Xiong J, Wu J, Xie J, Bai J, Ying H. A novel immobilization method for nuclease P1 on macroporous absorbent resin with glutaraldehyde cross-linking and determination of its properties. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Enzyme digestion of entrapped single-DNA molecules in nanopores. Talanta 2011; 85:2135-41. [PMID: 21872069 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The real-time digestion of entrapped single-DNA molecules by λ-exonuclease in nanoporous alumina membranes was observed using an epifluorescence microscope. The alumina membrane provides pL (∼ 10(-12)L) containers for confining single-DNA molecules without immobilization. When one end of the DNA molecule was inserted into a nanopore, it was possible to monitor the digestion process outside, near and inside the pore, where the individual DNA molecules exhibited different characteristic digestion modes. The digestion rates calculated from the decrease in fluorescence intensity showed different values according to the location of the individual molecules. Entrapment rather than immobilization allows the DNA strand to be fully exposed to the enzyme and the reaction buffer. These results confirm that the enzymatic digestion of DNA molecules is affected by their three-dimensional (3D) environment.
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21
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Preparation and characterization of UV-curable polymeric support for covalent immobilization of xylanase enzyme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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