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Spalletta A, Joly N, Martin P. Latest Trends in Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Ester Carbohydrate Surfactants: From Key Parameters to Opportunities and Future Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3727. [PMID: 38612540 PMCID: PMC11012184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based surfactants are amphiphilic compounds containing hydrophilic moieties linked to hydrophobic aglycones. More specifically, carbohydrate esters are biosourced and biocompatible surfactants derived from inexpensive renewable raw materials (sugars and fatty acids). Their unique properties allow them to be used in various areas, such as the cosmetic, food, and medicine industries. These multi-applications have created a worldwide market for biobased surfactants and consequently expectations for their production. Biobased surfactants can be obtained from various processes, such as chemical synthesis or microorganism culture and surfactant purification. In accordance with the need for more sustainable and greener processes, the synthesis of these molecules by enzymatic pathways is an opportunity. This work presents a state-of-the-art lipase action mode, with a focus on the active sites of these proteins, and then on four essential parameters for optimizing the reaction: type of lipase, reaction medium, temperature, and ratio of substrates. Finally, this review discusses the latest trends and recent developments, showing the unlimited potential for optimization of such enzymatic syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolas Joly
- Unité Transformations & Agroressources, ULR7519, Université d’Artois-UniLaSalle, F-62408 Béthune, France; (A.S.); (P.M.)
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Enzymatic synthesis of amphiphilic carbohydrate esters: Influence of physicochemical and biochemical parameters. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 30:e00631. [PMID: 34094891 PMCID: PMC8166767 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glycolipids, carbohydrate fatty esters or sugar esters are amphiphilic molecules containing hydrophilic groups bonded to hydrophobic parent structures. Recently, glycolipids have shown their antimicrobial and antitumor capacities. Their surface activity properties have applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Sugar esters' building blocks can be obtained from natural resources and/or be transformed by biochemical pathways for uses as surfactants. Biosurfactants are non-ionic, nontoxic, biodegradable, tasteless, and odourless. The biocatalysis of these molecules involves sustainable, green, and safer methods. The advantages of producing biosurfactants from enzymatic catalysis are the energy economy, high selectivity, production of natural products, reduction of the use of fossil-based solvents and chloride compounds. This review presents the most recent studies concerning the evaluation of the impact of the main parameters and their levels influencing the enzymatic synthesis of glycolipids. Various enzyme catalysed synthetic methods were described. The parameters studied were temperature, reaction time, solvent system, type of biocatalyst, substrates molar ratio proportion and the nature of substrates. This review discusses the influence of different biocatalysts in the conversions of glycolipids; The reactivity from mono to polysaccharides and their interaction with fatty acids of different carbon chain lengths in the presence of specific enzymes; The effect of the solvent polarity, the use of multiple solvents, ionic liquids, supercritical CO2, and solvent-free media in sugar ester conversions; And the optimization of temperature and reaction time in different enzymatic systems.
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Nguyen PC, Nguyen MTT, Lee CK, Oh IN, Kim JH, Hong ST, Park JT. Enzymatic synthesis and characterization of maltoheptaose-based sugar esters. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 218:126-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Solvent stable microbial lipases: current understanding and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 41:203-220. [PMID: 30535639 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-02633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review examines on our current understanding of microbial lipase solvent tolerance, with a specific focus on the molecular strategies employed to improve lipase stability in a non-aqueous environment. RESULTS It provides an overview of known solvent tolerant lipases and of approaches to improving solvent stability such as; enhancing stabilising interactions, modification of residue flexibility and surface charge alteration. It shows that judicious selection of lipase source supplemented by appropriate enzyme stabilisation, can lead to a wide application spectrum for lipases. CONCLUSION Organic solvent stable lipases are, and will continue to be, versatile and adaptable biocatalytic workhorses commonly employed for industrial applications in the food, pharmaceutical and green manufacturing industries.
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Ma YR, Banwell MG, Yan R, Lan P. Comparative Study of the Emulsifying Properties of a Homologous Series of Long-Chain 6'- O-Acylmaltose Esters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:8832-8840. [PMID: 30052434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Emulsifiers derived from renewable resources such as sucrose and fatty acids are high volume commodity chemicals and currently produced by traditional chemical synthesis techniques that lack the capacity to form the most desirable monoesters (of sucrose) in a selective and efficient fashion. The development of new emulsifiers (surfactants) from alternate, structurally simpler but nevertheless abundant disaccharides such as maltose represents a possible solution to this problem. Herein, we report the facile enzymatic preparation of a homologous series of 6'- O-acylmaltose esters and an in-depth evaluation of them revealing that their surfactant properties and thermal stabilities are largely determined by the length of the fatty acid chain. In the first such comparison, we show that the foaming and emulsifying effects of certain of these maltose monoesters are superior to those of their sucrose-derived and commercially exploited counterparts. As such, maltose esters have considerable potential as emulsifiers for use in, for example, the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ru Ma
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Zhuhai , 519070 , China
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australian Capital Territory 2601 , Australia
| | - Rian Yan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , China
| | - Ping Lan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering , Jinan University , Guangzhou , 510632 , China
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis , Jinan University , Zhuhai , 519070 , China
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Jia C, Wang H, Zhang W, Zhang X, Feng B. Efficient enzyme-selective synthesis of monolauryl mannose in a circulating fluidized bed reactor. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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He WS, Cui DD, Zhang YL, Liu Y, Yin J, Chen G, Jia CS, Feng B. Highly Efficient Synthesis of Phytosterol Linolenate Catalyzed by Candida Rugosa Lipase through Transesterification. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Dan-Dan Cui
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Yi-Lu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Ji Yin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
| | - Cheng-Sheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
| | - Biao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University
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Abdulmalek E, Hamidon NF, Abdul Rahman MB. Optimization and characterization of lipase catalysed synthesis of xylose caproate ester in organic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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He WS, Hu D, Wang Y, Chen XY, Jia CS, Ma HL, Feng B. A novel chemo-enzymatic synthesis of hydrophilic phytosterol derivatives. Food Chem 2016; 192:557-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang X, Yang C, Li J, Meng Q, Raza H, Zhang L. Enzymatic synthesis of mannitol dioctanoate and its utilisation in the preparation of structured edible oil. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Qingran Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Husnain Raza
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Lianfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology; Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food; Wuxi 214122 China
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Enzymatic synthesis of 6- and 6′-O-linoleyl-α-d-maltose: From solvent-free to binary ionic liquid reaction media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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He WS, Li JJ, Pan XX, Zhou Y, Jia CS, Zhang XM, Feng B. Lipase-mediated synthesis of water-soluble plant stanol derivatives in tert-butanol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 114:1-5. [PMID: 22464062 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of solvents with different log P values, and of lipases on the synthesis of water-soluble plant stanol derivatives were investigated. Results showed that conversion in solvents with log P<0.37 was mainly controlled by the hydrophobicity of the solvent and subsequent complete or partial deactivation of the enzyme. The solubility of substrate was the leading factor for the conversion in solvents with log P>0.37. Lipozyme RM IM and tert-butanol was the most suitable biocatalyst and solvent, respectively. The highest yield (>51%) of plant stanyl sorbitol succinate was obtained under the selected conditions: 50 μmol/mL plant stanyl hemisuccinate, 1:3 molar ratio of plant stanyl hemisuccinate to d-sorbitol, 80 mg/mL 3 Å molecular sieves and 100mg/mL Lipozyme RM IM in tert-butanol, 150 r/min and 55 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were adopted to determine the structure of product, suggesting that water-soluble plant stanol derivatives were successfully synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Sen He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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Gumel AM, Annuar MSM, Heidelberg T, Chisti Y. Thermo-kinetics of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of 6-O-glucosyldecanoate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8727-8732. [PMID: 21816608 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of 6-O-glucosyldecanoate from d-glucose and decanoic acid was performed in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a mixture of DMSO and tert-butanol and tert-butanol alone with a decreasing order of polarity. The highest conversion yield (> 65%) of decanoic acid was obtained in the blended solvent of intermediate polarity mainly because it could dissolve relatively large amounts of both the reactants. The reaction obeyed Michaelis-Menten type of kinetics. The affinity of the enzyme towards the limiting substrate (decanoic acid) was not affected by the polarity of the solvent, but increased significantly with temperature. The esterification reaction was endothermic with activation energy in the range of 60-67 kJ mol⁻¹. Based on the Gibbs energy values, in the solvent blend of DMSO and tert-butanol the position of the equilibrium was shifted more towards the products compared to the position in pure solvents. Monoester of glucose was the main product of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Gumel
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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He W, Jia C, Ma Y, Yang Y, Zhang X, Feng B, Yue L. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of phytostanyl esters in non-aqueous media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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