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Lu Y, Egedeuzu CS, Taylor PG, Wong LS. Development of Improved Spectrophotometric Assays for Biocatalytic Silyl Ether Hydrolysis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:492. [PMID: 38672508 PMCID: PMC11048244 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Reported herein is the development of assays for the spectrophotometric quantification of biocatalytic silicon-oxygen bond hydrolysis. Central to these assays are a series of chromogenic substrates that release highly absorbing phenoxy anions upon cleavage of the sessile bond. These substrates were tested with silicatein, an enzyme from a marine sponge that is known to catalyse the hydrolysis and condensation of silyl ethers. It was found that, of the substrates tested, tert-butyldimethyl(2-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)silane provided the best assay performance, as evidenced by the highest ratio of enzyme catalysed reaction rate compared with the background (uncatalysed) reaction. These substrates were also found to be suitable for detailed enzyme kinetics measurements, as demonstrated by their use to determine the Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters for silicatein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lu
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; (Y.L.); (C.S.E.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Chisom S. Egedeuzu
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; (Y.L.); (C.S.E.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Peter G. Taylor
- School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Lu Shin Wong
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK; (Y.L.); (C.S.E.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Sarai N, Levin BJ, Roberts JM, Katsoulis DE, Arnold FH. Biocatalytic Transformations of Silicon-the Other Group 14 Element. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:944-953. [PMID: 34235255 PMCID: PMC8227617 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Significant inroads have been made using biocatalysts to perform new-to-nature reactions with high selectivity and efficiency. Meanwhile, advances in organosilicon chemistry have led to rich sets of reactions holding great synthetic value. Merging biocatalysis and silicon chemistry could yield new methods for the preparation of valuable organosilicon molecules as well as the degradation and valorization of undesired ones. Despite silicon's importance in the biosphere for its role in plant and diatom construction, it is not known to be incorporated into any primary or secondary metabolites. Enzymes have been found that act on silicon-containing molecules, but only a few are known to act directly on silicon centers. Protein engineering and evolution has and could continue to enable enzymes to catalyze useful organosilicon transformations, complementing and expanding upon current synthetic methods. The role of silicon in biology and the enzymes that act on silicon-containing molecules are reviewed to set the stage for a discussion of where biocatalysis and organosilicon chemistry may intersect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
S. Sarai
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Levin
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John M. Roberts
- Dow
Inc., Core R&D, 633 Washington Street, Midland, Michigan 48667, United
States
| | - Dimitris E. Katsoulis
- Dow
Silicones Corporation, 2200 West Salzburg Road, Auburn, Michigan 48611, United
States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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Abstract
The application of biocatalytic or chemoenzymatic techniques in silicon chemistry serves two roles: it provides a greater understanding of the processing of silicon species by natural systems, such as plants, diatoms, and sponges, as well opening up avenues to green methodologies in the field. In the latter case, biocatalytic approaches have been applied to the synthesis of small-molecule systems and polymeric materials. Often these biocatalytic approaches allow access to molecular structures under mild conditions and, in some cases, molecular structures that are not accessible through traditional chemical methodologies. A review of recent advances in the applications of biocatalysis in silicon chemistry is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Frampton
- School of Biosciences, Loyalist College, 376 Wallbridge-Loyalist Road, Belleville, ON, K89 5B9, Canada
| | - Paul M Zelisko
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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López-Iglesias M, Gotor-Fernández V. Recent Advances in Biocatalytic Promiscuity: Hydrolase-Catalyzed Reactions for Nonconventional Transformations. CHEM REC 2015; 15:743-59. [PMID: 26147872 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes have emerged in recent decades as ideal catalysts for synthetic transformations under mild reaction conditions. Their capacity to accelerate a myriad of biotransformations with high levels of selectivity and broad substrate specificity including excellent atom economy has led to a current full recognition. The six classes of enzymes (oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases and ligases) possess outstanding abilities to perform specific modifications in target molecules. Nevertheless, in the last fifteen years, novel examples have appeared related to nonconventional processes catalyzed by various classes of biocatalysts. Amongst these, hydrolases have received special attention since they display remarkable activities in initially unexpected reactions such as carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond-formation reactions, oxidative processes and novel hydrolytic transformations. In this review, the main findings in this area will be disclosed, highlighting the catalytic properties of hydrolases not only to catalyze single processes but also multicomponent and tandem nonconventional reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María López-Iglesias
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
| | - Vicente Gotor-Fernández
- Organic and Inorganic Chemistry Department, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería s/n, Oviedo, 33006, Spain
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rücker
- Institute for Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg , Scharnhorststrasse 1, D-21335 Lüneburg, Germany
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Yagihashi F, Igarashi M, Nakajima Y, Ando W, Sato K, Yumoto Y, Matsui C, Shimada S. Acid-Catalyzed Condensation Reaction of Phenylsilanetriol: Unexpected Formation of cis,trans-1,3,5-Trihydroxy-1,3,5-triphenylcyclotrisiloxane as the Main Product and Its Isolation. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500691c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fujio Yagihashi
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd., 6-1,
Ohtemachi 2, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Masayasu Igarashi
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakajima
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Wataru Ando
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Yumoto
- Specialty
Chemicals Research Center, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd., Kubiki, Joetsu, Niigata 942-8601, Japan
| | - Chinami Matsui
- Gunma Plant, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. Ltd., Isobe, Annaka, Gunma 379-0915, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shimada
- Interdisciplinary
Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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