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Elhamdi M, Ghorbel S, Hmidet N. Bacillus Swezeyi B2 Strain: A Novel Alkaliphilic Bacterium Producer of Alkaline-, Thermal, Oxidant-, and Surfactant-Stable Protease, Extremely Efficient in Detergency. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:95. [PMID: 36737528 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes that are currently used to meet industrial demand are usually derived from Bacillus species. They find multiple technical applications, particularly they have been increasingly used as a key bio-additive in detergents. In this study, a novel alkalophilic bacterium was isolated from contaminated soil, exhibiting 1400 U/ml proteolytic activity, and identified as Bacillus swezeyi B2. The crude enzyme likely contained a single extracellular protease. This enzyme revealed optimum activity at pH 10 and 70 °C and was highly alkaline thermostable (7-12.5) and up to 70 °C. The protease activity was completely inhibited by Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) suggesting that it belongs to the serine protease group. It was highly stable in the presence of the strong anionic surfactant (SDS) and oxidizing agents (H2O2). The supernatant was lyophilized and showed high storage stability retaining 100% of its original activity after one year of conservation at 4 °C. The lyophilized product was evaluated for its detergent efficacy, it revealed excellent compatibility with various laundry detergents keeping its full original activity after incubation for 1 h with seven solid and liquid commercial detergents and it effectively removed chocolate stains at low washing temperature (40 °C) and low supplementation level (125 U/ml). The features of this single alkaline and thermotolerant protease, stable toward surfactants, oxidizing agents, and commercial detergents with stain removal efficacy support its ideal choice for supplementation in detergent formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Elhamdi
- Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, National Engineering School of Sfax-University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sofiane Ghorbel
- Biology Department, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noomen Hmidet
- Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology Laboratory, National Engineering School of Sfax-University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Immobilization of Alcalase on Silica Supports Modified with Carbosilane and PAMAM Dendrimers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416102. [PMID: 36555742 PMCID: PMC9783553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization is a powerful strategy for enzyme stabilization and recyclability. Materials covered with multipoint molecules are very attractive for this goal, since the number of active moieties to attach the enzyme increases with respect to monofunctional linkers. This work evaluates different dendrimers supported on silica to immobilize a protease enzyme, Alcalase. Five different dendrimers were employed: two carbosilane (CBS) dendrimers of different generations (SiO2-G0Si-NH2 and SiO2-G1Si-NH2), a CBS dendrimer with a polyphenoxo core (SiO2-G1O3-NH2), and two commercial polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers of different generations (SiO2-G0PAMAM-NH2 and SiO2-G1PAMAM-NH2). The results were compared with a silica support modified with a monofunctional molecule (2-aminoethanethiol). The effect of the dendrimer generation, the immobilization conditions (immobilization time, Alcalase/SiO2 ratio, and presence of Ca2+ ions), and the digestion conditions (temperature, time, amount of support, and stirring speed) on Alcalase activity has been evaluated. Enzyme immobilization and its activity were highly affected by the kind of dendrimer and its generation, observing the most favorable behavior with SiO2-G0PAMAM-NH2. The enzyme immobilized on this support was used in two consecutive digestions and, unlike CBS supports, it did not retain peptides released in the digestion.
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Mutagenesis and Immobilization of ChitB-Protease for Induced De-staining and Goat Skin Dehairing Potentialities. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Tacias-Pascacio VG, Morellon-Sterling R, Siar EH, Tavano O, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Use of Alcalase in the production of bioactive peptides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2143-2196. [PMID: 33091472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to cover the uses of the commercially available protease Alcalase in the production of biologically active peptides since 2010. Immobilization of Alcalase has also been reviewed, as immobilization of the enzyme may improve the final reaction design enabling the use of more drastic conditions and the reuse of the biocatalyst. That way, this review presents the production, via Alcalase hydrolysis of different proteins, of peptides with antioxidant, angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory, metal binding, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities (among other bioactivities) and peptides that improve the functional, sensory and nutritional properties of foods. Alcalase has proved to be among the most efficient proteases for this goal, using different protein sources, being especially interesting the use of the protein residues from food industry as feedstock, as this also solves nature pollution problems. Very interestingly, the bioactivities of the protein hydrolysates further improved when Alcalase is used in a combined way with other proteases both in a sequential way or in a simultaneous hydrolysis (something that could be related to the concept of combi-enzymes), as the combination of proteases with different selectivities and specificities enable the production of a larger amount of peptides and of a smaller size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veymar G Tacias-Pascacio
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Alimentos, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Lib. Norte Pte. 1150, 29039 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico; Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Carretera Panamericana Km. 1080, 29050 Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico.
| | | | - El-Hocine Siar
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Equipe TEPA, Laboratoire LNTA, INATAA, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine 25000, Algeria
| | - Olga Tavano
- Faculty of Nutrition, Alfenas Federal Univ., 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG 37130-000, Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Center of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, Member of the External Scientific Advisory Board, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Kimberle PDS, Carolina MS, Ana ISB, Luciana RBG. Modifying alcalase activity and stability by immobilization onto chitosan aiming at the production of bioactive peptides by hydrolysis of tilapia skin gelatin. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Maluf JU, Fiorese ML, Maestre KL, Dos Passos FR, Finkler JK, Fleck JF, Borba CE. Optimization of the porcine liver enzymatic hydrolysis conditions. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José U. Maluf
- Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Program, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE Toledo Paraná Brazil
| | - Mônica L. Fiorese
- Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Program, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE Toledo Paraná Brazil
| | - Keiti L. Maestre
- Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Program, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE Toledo Paraná Brazil
| | - Fernanda R. Dos Passos
- Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Program, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE Toledo Paraná Brazil
| | - Joana K. Finkler
- Fishing Resources and Fishing Engineering Postgraduate Program, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE Toledo Paraná Brazil
| | | | - Carlos E. Borba
- Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Program, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE Toledo Paraná Brazil
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Weldrick PJ, Hardman MJ, Paunov VN. Enhanced Clearing of Wound-Related Pathogenic Bacterial Biofilms Using Protease-Functionalized Antibiotic Nanocarriers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43902-43919. [PMID: 31718141 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are prevalent in chronic wounds and once formed are very hard to remove, which is associated with poor outcomes and high mortality rates. Biofilms are comprised of surface-attached bacteria embedded in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix, which confers increased antibiotic resistance and host immune evasion. Therefore, disruption of this matrix is essential to tackle the biofilm-embedded bacteria. Here, we propose a novel nanotechnology to do this, based on protease-functionalized nanogel carriers of antibiotics. Such active antibiotic nanocarriers, surface coated with the protease Alcalase 2.4 L FG, "digest" their way through the biofilm EPS matrix, reach the buried bacteria, and deliver a high dose of antibiotic directly on their cell walls, which overwhelms their defenses. We demonstrated their effectiveness against six wound biofilm-forming bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis. We confirmed a 6-fold decrease in the biofilm mass and a substantial reduction in bacterial cell density using fluorescence, atomic force, and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, we showed that co-treatments of ciprofloxacin and Alcalase-coated Carbopol nanogels led to a 3-log reduction in viable biofilm-forming cells when compared to ciprofloxacin treatments alone. Encapsulating an equivalent concentration of ciprofloxacin into the Alcalase-coated nanogel particles boosted their antibacterial effect much further, reducing the bacterial cell viability to below detectable amounts after 6 h of treatment. The Alcalase-coated nanogel particles were noncytotoxic to human adult keratinocyte cells (HaCaT), inducing a very low apoptotic response in these cells. Overall, we demonstrated that the Alcalase-coated nanogels loaded with a cationic antibiotic elicit very strong biofilm-clearing effects against wound-associated biofilm-forming pathogenic bacteria. This nanotechnology approach has the potential to become a very powerful treatment of chronically infected wounds with biofilm-forming bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Weldrick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Hull , Hull HU6 7RX , U.K
| | - Matthew J Hardman
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease , Hull York Medical School , Hull HU6 7RX , U.K
| | - Vesselin N Paunov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Hull , Hull HU6 7RX , U.K
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Memon AH, Ding R, Yuan Q, Wei Y, Liang H. Facile synthesis of alcalase-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers used for soy protein isolate hydrolysis to improve its functional properties. Food Chem 2019; 289:568-574. [PMID: 30955650 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a facile approach was developed to synthesized alcalase-inorganic hybrid nanocomposite (alcalase@CaHPO4) by immobilizing alcalase with calcium hydrogen phosphate (CaHPO4). The nanocomposite possessed flower-like morphological features with excellent hydrolysis activity on soybean protein isolates (SPI) with 1.57 fold higher compared to free alcalase. The experiment was evident of alcalase@CaHPO4 hybrid nanoflowers with 90% sustainability after the seven cycles of reusability and 80-100% relative activity at 50-70 °C and with 65% at pH 4 in acidic condition. Soybean protein hydrolysates (SPHs) produced by immobilized alcalase possessed 70% radical-scavenging capacity at 0.8 mg/mL concentration and 20% calcium-binding capacity at pH 6. The solubility of SPHs produced by alcalase@CaHPO4 hybrid nanoflowers was also improved by 15% compared to free alcalase. The high radical scavenging capability, good calcium binding capacity and improved solubility of SPHs prepared through alcalase@CaHPO4 hybrid nanoflowers would be highly promising in food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Hussain Memon
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Runsheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China.
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Ait Braham S, Hussain F, Morellon-Sterling R, Kamal S, Kornecki JF, Barbosa O, Kati DE, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Cooperativity of covalent attachment and ion exchange on alcalase immobilization using glutaraldehyde chemistry: Enzyme stabilization and improved proteolytic activity. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 35:e2768. [PMID: 30575340 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alcalase was scarcely immobilized on monoaminoethyl-N-aminoethyl (MANAE)-agarose beads at different pH values (<20% at pH 7). The enzyme did not immobilize on MANAE-agarose activated with glutaraldehyde at high ionic strength, suggesting a low reactivity of the enzyme with the support functionalized in this manner. However, the immobilization is relatively rapid when using low ionic strength and glutaraldehyde activated support. Using these conditions, the enzyme was immobilized at pH 5, 7, and 9, and in all cases, the activity vs. Boc-Ala-ONp decreased to around 50%. However, the activity vs. casein greatly depends on the immobilization pH, while at pH 5 it is also 50%, at pH 7 it is around 200%, and at pH 9 it is around 140%. All immobilized enzymes were significantly stabilized compared to the free enzyme when inactivated at pH 5, 7, or 9. The highest stability was always observed when the enzyme was immobilized at pH 9, and the worst stability occurred when the enzyme was immobilized at pH 5, in agreement with the reactivity of the amino groups of the enzyme. Stabilization was lower for the three preparations when the inactivation was performed at pH 5. Thus, this is a practical example on how the cooperative effect of ion exchange and covalent immobilization may be used to immobilize an enzyme when only one independent cause of immobilization is unable to immobilize the enzyme, while adjusting the immobilization pH leads to very different properties of the final immobilized enzyme preparation. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 35: e2768, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ait Braham
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Fouzia Hussain
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Roberto Morellon-Sterling
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jakub F Kornecki
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, ICP-CSIC, Campus UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oveimar Barbosa
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Djamel Edine Kati
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
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Pessato TB, Carvalho NCD, Tavano OL, Fernandes LGR, Zollner RDL, Netto FM. Whey protein isolate hydrolysates obtained with free and immobilized Alcalase: Characterization and detection of residual allergens. Food Res Int 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Falus P, Cerioli L, Bajnóczi G, Boros Z, Weiser D, Nagy J, Tessaro D, Servi S, Poppe L. A Continuous-Flow Cascade Reactor System for Subtilisin A- Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution ofN-tert-Butyloxycarbonylphenylalanine Ethyl Thioester with Benzylamine. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Development of novel robust nanobiocatalyst for detergents formulations and the other applications of alkaline protease. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:793-805. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ibrahim ASS, Al-Salamah AA, El-Toni AM, Almaary KS, El-Tayeb MA, Elbadawi YB, Antranikian G. Enhancement of Alkaline Protease Activity and Stability via Covalent Immobilization onto Hollow Core-Mesoporous Shell Silica Nanospheres. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17020184. [PMID: 26840303 PMCID: PMC4783918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability and reusability of soluble enzymes are of major concerns, which limit their industrial applications. Herein, alkaline protease from Bacillus sp. NPST-AK15 was immobilized onto hollow core-mesoporous shell silica (HCMSS) nanospheres. Subsequently, the properties of immobilized proteases were evaluated. Non-, ethane- and amino-functionalized HCMSS nanospheres were synthesized and characterized. NPST-AK15 was immobilized onto the synthesized nano-supports by physical and covalent immobilization approaches. However, protease immobilization by covalent attachment onto the activated HCMSS–NH2 nanospheres showed highest immobilization yield (75.6%) and loading capacity (88.1 μg protein/mg carrier) and was applied in the further studies. In comparison to free enzyme, the covalently immobilized protease exhibited a slight shift in the optimal pH from 10.5 to 11.0, respectively. The optimum temperature for catalytic activity of both free and immobilized enzyme was seen at 60 °C. However, while the free enzyme was completely inactivated when treated at 60 °C for 1 h the immobilized enzyme still retained 63.6% of its initial activity. The immobilized protease showed higher Vmax, kcat and kcat/Km, than soluble enzyme by 1.6-, 1.6- and 2.4-fold, respectively. In addition, the immobilized protease affinity to the substrate increased by about 1.5-fold. Furthermore, the enzyme stability in various organic solvents was significantly enhanced upon immobilization. Interestingly, the immobilized enzyme exhibited much higher stability in several commercial detergents including OMO, Tide, Ariel, Bonux and Xra by up to 5.2-fold. Finally, the immobilized protease maintained significant catalytic efficiency for twelve consecutive reaction cycles. These results suggest the effectiveness of the developed nanobiocatalyst as a candidate for detergent formulation and peptide synthesis in non-aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnasser Salah Shebl Ibrahim
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical Industries Research Division, National Research Center, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt.
| | - Ali A Al-Salamah
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed M El-Toni
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt.
| | - Khalid S Almaary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed A El-Tayeb
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yahya B Elbadawi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Garabed Antranikian
- Institute of Technical Microbiology, Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg 21073, Germany.
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Biró E, Budugan D, Todea A, Péter F, Klébert S, Feczkó T. Recyclable solid-phase biocatalyst with improved stability by sol–gel entrapment of β-d-galactosidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Increase of stability of oleate hydratase by appropriate immobilization technique and conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Silva J, Ribeiro K, Silva J, Cahú T, Bezerra R. Utilization of tilapia processing waste for the production of fish protein hydrolysate. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Molawa L, Jordaan J, Limson J, Brady D. Modification of Alcalase SphereZyme™ by entrapment in LentiKats®to impart improved particle stability. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2013.767335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Regina VR, Søhoel H, Lokanathan AR, Bischoff C, Kingshott P, Revsbech NP, Meyer RL. Entrapment of subtilisin in ceramic sol-gel coating for antifouling applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:5915-21. [PMID: 23020255 DOI: 10.1021/am301554m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes with antifouling properties are of great interest in developing nontoxic antifouling coatings. A bottleneck in developing enzyme-based antifouling coatings is to immobilize the enzyme in a suitable coating matrix without compromising its activity and stability. Entrapment of enzymes in ceramics using the sol-gel method is known to have several advantages over other immobilization methods. The sol-gel method can be used to make robust coatings, and the aim of this study was to explore if sol-gel technology can be used to develop robust coatings harboring active enzymes for antifouling applications. We successfully entrapped a protease, subtilisin (Savinase, Novozymes), in a ceramic coating using a sol-gel method. The sol-gel formulation, when coated on a stainless steel surface, adhered strongly and cured at room temperature in less than 8 h. The resultant coating was smoother and less hydrophobic than stainless steel. Changes in the coating's surface structure, thickness and chemistry indicate that the coating undergoes gradual erosion in aqueous medium, which results in release of subtilisin. Subtilisin activity in the coating increased initially, and then gradually decreased. After 9 months, 13% of the initial enzyme activity remained. Compared to stainless steel, the sol-gel-coated surfaces with active subtilisin were able to reduce bacterial attachment of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria by 2 orders of magnitude. Together, our results demonstrate that the sol-gel method is a promising coating technology for entrapping active enzymes, presenting an interesting avenue for enzyme-based antifouling solutions.
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Ungurean M, Paul C, Peter F. Cellulase immobilized by sol–gel entrapment for efficient hydrolysis of cellulose. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:1327-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0835-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Weiser D, Boros Z, Hornyánszky G, Tóth A, Poppe L. Disubstituted dialkoxysilane precursors in binary and ternary sol–gel systems for lipase immobilization. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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