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Hollmann F, Opperman DJ, Paul CE. Biocatalytic Reduction Reactions from a Chemist's Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5644-5665. [PMID: 32330347 PMCID: PMC7983917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reductions play a key role in organic synthesis, producing chiral products with new functionalities. Enzymes can catalyse such reactions with exquisite stereo-, regio- and chemoselectivity, leading the way to alternative shorter classical synthetic routes towards not only high-added-value compounds but also bulk chemicals. In this review we describe the synthetic state-of-the-art and potential of enzymes that catalyse reductions, ranging from carbonyl, enone and aromatic reductions to reductive aminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hollmann
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free State205 Nelson Mandela DriveBloemfontein9300South Africa
| | - Diederik J. Opperman
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of the Free State205 Nelson Mandela DriveBloemfontein9300South Africa
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of BiotechnologyDelft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
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Hollmann F, Opperman DJ, Paul CE. Biokatalytische Reduktionen aus der Sicht eines Chemikers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hollmann
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft Niederlande
- Department of Biotechnology University of the Free State 205 Nelson Mandela Drive Bloemfontein 9300 Südafrika
| | - Diederik J. Opperman
- Department of Biotechnology University of the Free State 205 Nelson Mandela Drive Bloemfontein 9300 Südafrika
| | - Caroline E. Paul
- Department of Biotechnology Delft University of Technology Van der Maasweg 9 2629 HZ Delft Niederlande
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Preissler J, Reeve HA, Zhu T, Nicholson J, Urata K, Lauterbach L, Wong LL, Vincent KA, Lenz O. Dihydrogen‐Driven NADPH Recycling in Imine Reduction and P450‐Catalyzed Oxidations Mediated by an Engineered O
2
‐Tolerant Hydrogenase. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Preissler
- Institute of Chemistry, Biophysical Chemistry Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Holly A. Reeve
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Tianze Zhu
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Jake Nicholson
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Kouji Urata
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Lars Lauterbach
- Institute of Chemistry, Biophysical Chemistry Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Luet L. Wong
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Kylie A. Vincent
- Department of Chemistry University of Oxford Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QR UK
| | - Oliver Lenz
- Institute of Chemistry, Biophysical Chemistry Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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Al-Shameri A, Willot SJP, Paul CE, Hollmann F, Lauterbach L. H 2 as a fuel for flavin- and H 2O 2-dependent biocatalytic reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9667-9670. [PMID: 32696786 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03229h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The soluble hydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha provides an atom efficient regeneration system for reduced flavin cofactors using H2 as an electron source. We demonstrated this system for highly selective ene-reductase-catalyzed C[double bond, length as m-dash]C-double bond reductions and monooxygenase-catalyzed epoxidation. Reactions were expanded to aerobic conditions to supply H2O2 for peroxygenase-catalyzed hydroxylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Al-Shameri
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17, Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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Kwan P, McIntosh CL, Jennings DP, Hopkins RC, Chandrayan SK, Wu CH, Adams MWW, Jones AK. The [NiFe]-Hydrogenase of Pyrococcus furiosus Exhibits a New Type of Oxygen Tolerance. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13556-65. [PMID: 26436715 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the first direct electrochemical characterization of the impact of oxygen on the hydrogen oxidation activity of an oxygen-tolerant, group 3, soluble [NiFe]-hydrogenase: hydrogenase I from Pyrococcus furiosus (PfSHI), which grows optimally near 100 °C. Chronoamperometric experiments were used to probe the sensitivity of PfSHI hydrogen oxidation activity to both brief and prolonged exposure to oxygen. For experiments between 15 and 80 °C, following short (<200 s) exposure to 14 μM O2 under oxidizing conditions, PfSHI always maintains some fraction of its initial hydrogen oxidation activity; i.e., it is oxygen-tolerant. Reactivation experiments show that two inactive states are formed by interaction with oxygen and both can be quickly (<150 s) reactivated. Analogous experiments, in which the interval of oxygen exposure is extended to 900 s, reveal that the response is highly temperature-dependent. At 25 °C, under sustained 1% O2/ 99% H2 exposure, the H2oxidation activity drops nearly to zero. However, at 80 °C, up to 32% of the enzyme's oxidation activity is retained. Reactivation of PfSHI following sustained exposure to oxygen occurs on a much longer time scale (tens of minutes), suggesting that a third inactive species predominates under these conditions. These results stand in contrast to the properties of oxygen-tolerant, group 1 [NiFe]-hydrogenases, which form a single state upon reaction with oxygen, and we propose that this new type of hydrogenase should be referred to as oxygen-resilient. Furthermore, PfSHI, like other group 3 [NiFe]-hydrogenases, does not possess the proximal [4Fe3S] cluster associated with the oxygen tolerance of some group 1 enzymes. Thus, a new mechanism is necessary to explain the observed oxygen tolerance in soluble, group 3 [NiFe]-hydrogenases, and we present a model integrating both electrochemical and spectroscopic results to define the relationships of these inactive states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Chelsea L McIntosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - David P Jennings
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - R Chris Hopkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Sanjeev K Chandrayan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Chang-Hao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Michael W W Adams
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Anne K Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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Wu C, Böttcher C, Haag R. Enzymatically crosslinked dendritic polyglycerol nanogels for encapsulation of catalytically active proteins. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:972-80. [PMID: 25519490 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm01746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The enormous potential of nanogel scaffolds for protein encapsulation has been widely recognized. However, constructing stable polymeric nanoscale networks in a facile, mild, and controllable fashion still remains a technical challenge. Here, we present a novel nanogel formation strategy using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalyzed crosslinking on phenolic derivatized dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) in the presence of H2O2 in an inverse miniemulsion. This "enzymatic nanogelation" approach was efficient to produce stable 200 nm dPG nanogel particles, and was performed under physiological conditions, thus making it particularly beneficial for encapsulating biological proteins. Purification of the nanogels was easy to handle and practical because there was no need for a post-quenching step. Interestingly, the use of dPG resulted in higher HRP laden nanogels than for linear polyethylene glycol (PEG) analogs, which illustrates the benefits of dendritic backbones in nanogels for protein encapsulation. In addition, the mild immobilization contributed to the enhanced thermal stability and reusability of HRP. The nanogel preparation could be easily optimized to achieve the best HRP activity. Furthermore, a second enzyme, Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB), was successfully encapsulated and optimized for activity in dPG nanogels by the same enzymatic methodology, which shows the perspective applications of such techniques for encapsulation of diverse proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzhu Wu
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Clay D, Winkler CK, Tasnádi G, Faber K. Bioreduction and disproportionation of cyclohex-2-enone catalyzed by ene-reductase OYE-1 in 'micro-aqueous' organic solvents. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1329-33. [PMID: 24563324 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The bioreduction and disproportionation of cyclohex-2-enone catalyzed by Old Yellow Enzyme 1 was investigated in presence of organic (co)solvents. Whereas the NADH-dependent bioreduction activity strongly decreased at elevated co-solvent concentrations due to the insolubility of the nicotinamide-cofactor, the NADH-free disproportionation was significantly improved in water-immiscible organic co-solvents at 90 % (v/v) with near-quantitative conversion. This positive effect was attributed to removal of the inhibiting co-product, phenol, from the enzyme's active site. The best co-solvents show high lipophilicity (logP) and a high potential to solubilize phenol (Kphenol). As a predictive parameter, the ratio of logP/Kphenol should be preferably ≥100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Clay
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Mohan Kumar NS, Kishore V, Manonmani HK. CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF L-ASPARAGINASE FROMCladosporiumsp. FOR IMPROVED ACTIVITY AND THERMAL STABILITY. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 44:433-50. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2013.833110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Recent trends and novel concepts in cofactor-dependent biotransformations. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:1517-29. [PMID: 24362856 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cofactor-dependent enzymes catalyze a broad range of synthetically useful transformations. However, the cofactor requirement also poses economic and practical challenges for the application of these biocatalysts. For three decades, considerable research effort has been devoted to the development of reliable in situ regeneration methods for the most commonly employed cofactors, particularly NADH and NADPH. Today, researchers can choose from a plethora of options, and oxidoreductases are routinely employed even on industrial scale. Nevertheless, more efficient cofactor regeneration methods are still being developed, with the aim of achieving better atom economy, simpler reaction setups, and higher productivities. Besides, cofactor dependence has been recognized as an opportunity to confer novel reactivity upon enzymes by engineering their cofactors, and to couple (redox) biotransformations in multi-enzyme cascade systems. These novel concepts will help to further establish cofactor-dependent biotransformations as an attractive option for the synthesis of biologically active compounds, chiral building blocks, and bio-based platform molecules.
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Herr N, Ratzka J, Lauterbach L, Lenz O, Ansorge-Schumacher MB. Stability enhancement of an O2-tolerant NAD+-reducing [NiFe]-hydrogenase by a combination of immobilisation and chemical modification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lauterbach L, Lenz O, Vincent KA. H₂-driven cofactor regeneration with NAD(P)⁺-reducing hydrogenases. FEBS J 2013; 280:3058-68. [PMID: 23497170 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A large number of industrially relevant enzymes depend upon nicotinamide cofactors, which are too expensive to be added in stoichiometric amounts. Existing NAD(P)H-recycling systems suffer from low activity, or the generation of side products. H₂-driven cofactor regeneration has the advantage of 100% atom efficiency and the use of H₂ as a cheap reducing agent, in a world where sustainable energy carriers are increasingly attractive. The state of development of H₂-driven cofactor-recycling systems and examples of their integration with enzyme reactions are summarized in this article. The O₂-tolerant NAD⁺-reducing hydrogenase from Ralstonia eutropha is a particularly attractive candidate for this approach, and we therefore discuss its catalytic properties that are relevant for technical applications.
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Ni Y, Hagedoorn PL, Xu JH, Arends IWCE, Hollmann F. A biocatalytic hydrogenation of carboxylic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:12056-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cc36479d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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