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Production, Biochemical Characterization, and Kinetic/Thermodynamic Study of Inulinase from Aspergillus terreus URM4658. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196418. [PMID: 36234954 PMCID: PMC9571395 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulinases are enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of inulin, which can be used in the food industry to produce high-fructose syrups and fructo-oligosaccharides. For this purpose, different Aspergillus strains and substrates were tested for inulinase production by solid-state fermentation, among which Aspergillus terreus URM4658 grown on wheat bran showed the highest activity (15.08 U mL−1). The inulinase produced by this strain exhibited optimum activity at 60 °C and pH 4.0. A detailed kinetic/thermodynamic study was performed on the inulin hydrolysis reaction and enzyme thermal inactivation. Inulinase was shown to have a high affinity for substrate evidenced by very-low Michaelis constant values (0.78–2.02 mM), which together with a low activation energy (19.59 kJ mol−1), indicates good enzyme catalytic potential. Moreover, its long half-life (t1/2 = 519.86 min) and very high D-value (1726.94 min) at 60 °C suggested great thermostability, which was confirmed by the thermodynamic parameters of its thermal denaturation, namely the activation energy of thermal denaturation (E*d = 182.18 kJ mol−1) and Gibbs free energy (106.18 ≤ ΔG*d ≤ 111.56 kJ mol−1). These results indicate that A. terreus URM4658 inulinase is a promising and efficient biocatalyst, which could be fruitfully exploited in long-term industrial applications.
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2
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Hetero-modification of halloysite nanoclay to immobilize endoinulinase for the preparation of fructooligosaccharides. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nagy F, Sánta-Bell E, Jipa M, Hornyánszky G, Szilágyi A, László K, Katona G, Paizs C, Poppe L, Balogh-Weiser D. Cross-Linked Enzyme-Adhered Nanoparticles (CLEANs) for Continuous-Flow Bioproduction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102284. [PMID: 34913608 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured but micro-sized biocatalysts were created by bottom-up technology using multi-functionalized silica nanoparticles (NPs) as nano-sized building blocks to form cross-linked enzyme-adhered nanoparticles (CLEANs) as robust micro-sized particles with beneficial internal structure and good mechanical properties. Systematic surface modification of NPs with a grafting mixture consisting of organosilanes with reactive (aminopropyl) and inert (e. g., vinyl, propyl, phenyl, or octyl) functions resulted in functional NPs enabling cross-linking agents, such as glutardialdehyde or bisepoxides (glycerol diglycidyl ether, neopentylglycol diglycidyl ether, and poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether), to bind and cross-link enzymes covalently and to form macroporous microparticles. These CLEANs were able to diminish several weaknesses of traditional cross-linked enzyme aggregates as biocatalysts, such as poor mechanical resistance, difficult recovery, and storage, strengthening their use for packed-bed enzyme reactors. Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CaLB) was selected as model enzyme for development of robust CLEANs, which were successfully tested for various industrially relevant applications including a kinetic resolution of a racemic alcohol and the production of various natural fragrance compounds under continuous-flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flóra Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Evelin Sánta-Bell
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monica Jipa
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gábor Hornyánszky
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Szilágyi
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina László
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriel Katona
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Csaba Paizs
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - László Poppe
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Babeş-Bolyai University of Cluj-Napoca, Arany János str. 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- SynBiocat LLC, Szilasliget u 3, 1072, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Balogh-Weiser
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
- SynBiocat LLC, Szilasliget u 3, 1072, Budapest, Hungary
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Saikia K, Radhakrishnan H, Rathankumar AK, Senthil Kumar SG, Kalita S, George J, Subramanian S, Kumar VV. Development of a sustainable route for the production of high-fructose syrup from the polyfructan inulin. IET Nanobiotechnol 2021; 15:149-156. [PMID: 34694703 PMCID: PMC8675771 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors used mesoporous silica microspheres as a support for the immobilization of inulinase from Aspergillus brasiliensis MTCC 1344 by the process of cross-linking. Under optimized operating conditions of pH 6.0, particle/enzyme ratio of 2.0:1.0 and glutaraldehyde concentration of 7 mM, a maximum immobilization yield of 90.7% was obtained after a cross-linking time of 12.25 h. Subsequently, the cross-linked inulinase was utilized for the hydrolysis of 5% inulin, and a maximum fructose concentration of 31.7 g/L was achieved under the optimum conditions of pH 6.0 and temperature 60°C in 3 h. Furthermore, on performing reusability studies during inulin hydrolysis, it was observed that the immobilized inulinase could be reused up to 10 subsequent cycles of hydrolysis, thus providing a facile and commercially attractive process of high-fructose syrup production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongkona Saikia
- School of Bioengineering, Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Hridya Radhakrishnan
- School of Bioengineering, Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Abiram Karanam Rathankumar
- School of Bioengineering, Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Siva Gokul Senthil Kumar
- School of Bioengineering, Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Shravani Kalita
- School of Bioengineering, Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Jenet George
- School of Bioengineering, Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Sivanesan Subramanian
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, AC Tech, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar
- School of Bioengineering, Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
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Singh RS, Singh T. Fructooligosaccharides Production from Inulin by Immobilized Endoinulinase on 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane Functionalized Halloysite Nanoclay. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Kilimci U, Evli S, Öndeş B, Uygun M, Uygun DA. Inulinase Immobilized Lectin Affinity Magnetic Nanoparticles for Inulin Hydrolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:1415-1426. [PMID: 33417232 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this presented paper, concanavalin A-modified cysteine-functionalized Fe3O4/Ag core/shell magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and used as a support material for inulinase enzyme, which has been intensively used for the preparation of high-fructose syrup by hydrolyzing inulin. Inulinase adsorption capacity of Con A-functionalized Ag-coated magnetic nanoparticles was optimized by changing medium pH, temperature, and initial inulinase concentration, and maximum inulinase adsorption capacity was found to be 655.32 mg/g nanoparticle by using 1.00 mg/mL of inulinase solution in pH 3.0 buffer system at 25 °C. Finally, efficient inulin degradation capacity of the inulinase immobilized magnetic nanoparticles was demonstrated by TLC studies and released fructose amount was determined as 0.533 mg/mL only within the 5 min of hydrolysis. This newly developed hydrolysis strategy holds considerable promise to produce high-fructose syrup in many industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulviye Kilimci
- Chemistry Division, Faculty of Science and Arts, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Sinem Evli
- Chemistry Division, Faculty of Science and Arts, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Baha Öndeş
- Chemistry Division, Faculty of Science and Arts, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Murat Uygun
- Chemistry Division, Faculty of Science and Arts, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Deniz Aktaş Uygun
- Chemistry Division, Faculty of Science and Arts, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
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Wang H, Hou W, Liu Y, Liu L, Zhao H. Janus Surface Micelles on Silica Particles: Synthesis and Application in Enzyme Immobilization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000589. [PMID: 33270313 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In these years, synthesis and applications of Janus structures have aroused great interest for large-scale applications in chemistry and materials science. Up to now, Janus particles with different morphologies and different functionalities have been synthesized in solutions, but the synthesis of Janus particles on solid surfaces has not been touched. In this research, Janus surface micelles (JSMs) are fabricated on the surfaces of silica particles by polymerization induced surface self-assembly (PISSA) approach, and the JSMs are used for enzyme immobilization. Usually, enzyme immobilization should be able to optimize the performance of the immobilized enzymes, and an ideal immobilization system must offer protection to the immobilized enzyme with retained bioactivity. Herein, it is demonstrated that JSMs on silica particles can be used as an ideal platform for the immobilization of enzymes. To prepare JSMs, poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) macro chain transfer agent (PDMAEMA-CTA) brushes on silica particles and poly(di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) macro CTA (PDEGMA-CTA) are employed in reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer dispersion polymerization of styrene. After polymerization, JSMs with polystyrene cores and PDMAEMA/PDEGMA patches on the surfaces are prepared on silica particles. After quaternization reaction, the quaternized PDMAEMA patches are used for the immobilization of enzymes. Experimental results turn out that enhanced bioactivities of the immobilized enzymes are achieved and the enzyme molecules are well protected by surface Janus structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wangmeng Hou
- Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yingze Liu
- Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Li Liu
- Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300071, China
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Ureta MM, Martins GN, Figueira O, Pires PF, Castilho PC, Gomez-Zavaglia A. Recent advances in β-galactosidase and fructosyltransferase immobilization technology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2659-2690. [PMID: 32590905 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1783639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The highly demanding conditions of industrial processes may lower the stability and affect the activity of enzymes used as biocatalysts. Enzyme immobilization emerged as an approach to promote stabilization and easy removal of enzymes for their reusability. The aim of this review is to go through the principal immobilization strategies addressed to achieve optimal industrial processes with special care on those reported for two types of enzymes: β-galactosidases and fructosyltransferases. The main methods used to immobilize these two enzymes are adsorption, entrapment, covalent coupling and cross-linking or aggregation (no support is used), all of them having pros and cons. Regarding the support, it should be cost-effective, assure the reusability and an easy recovery of the enzyme, increasing its stability and durability. The discussion provided showed that the type of enzyme, its origin, its purity, together with the type of immobilization method and the support will affect the performance during the enzymatic synthesis. Enzymes' immobilization involves interdisciplinary knowledge including enzymology, nanotechnology, molecular dynamics, cellular physiology and process design. The increasing availability of facilities has opened a variety of possibilities to define strategies to optimize the activity and re-usability of β-galactosidases and fructosyltransferases, but there is still great place for innovative developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Micaela Ureta
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Onofre Figueira
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Filipe Pires
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | | | - Andrea Gomez-Zavaglia
- Center for Research and Development in Food Cryotechnology (CIDCA, CCT-CONICET La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
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9
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Li LJ, Xia WJ, Ma GP, Chen YL, Ma YY. A study on the enzymatic properties and reuse of cellulase immobilized with carbon nanotubes and sodium alginate. AMB Express 2019; 9:112. [PMID: 31332555 PMCID: PMC6646445 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellulase has many potential applications in ethanol production, extraction of medicinal ingredients, food, brewing, oil exploration, environmental protection. However, the widespread use of cellulase is limited by its relatively high production costs and low biological activity. Therefore, we studied the enzymatic properties and reusability of cellulase immobilized on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and sodium alginate for the first time. The results showed that the optimum temperature and pH of immobilized cellulase was 40 °C and 3.0, respectively. After 1 month of storage at 4 °C, the enzyme activity of immobilized cellulase dropped to 71.2% of the baseline. Immobilized cellulase was proved to be reusable and maintained ~ 70% of its activity after 7 cycles of repeated use. Versus free cellulase, the immobilized cellulase showed good thermal stability, pH resistance, storage stability and reusability, which could be beneficial in large-scale industrial manufacturing processes.
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10
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Temkov M, Petrovski A, Gjorgieva E, Popovski E, Lazarova M, Boev I, Paunovic P, Grozdanov A, Dimitrov A, Baidak A, Krastanov A. Inulinase immobilization on polyethylene glycol/polypyrrole multiwall carbon nanotubes producing a catalyst with enhanced thermal and operational stability. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:617-630. [PMID: 32625037 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a simple method for mixed non-covalent and covalent bonding of partially purified inulinase on functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) with polypyrrole (PPy). The pyrrole (Py) was electrochemically polymerized on MWCNTs in order to fabricate MWCNTs/PPy nanocomposite. Two multiple forms of enzyme were bound to N-H functional groups from PPy and -COO- from activated MWCNTs to yield a stable MWCNTs/PPy/PEG immobilized preparation with increased thermal stability. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to confirm functionalization of nanoparticles and immobilization of the enzyme. The immobilization yield of 85% and optimal enzyme load of 345 μg protein onto MWCNTs was obtained. The optimum reaction conditions and kinetic parameters were established using the UV-Vis analytical assay. The best functional performance for prepared heterogeneous catalyst has been observed at pH 3.6 and 10, and at the temperatures of 60 and 80ºC. The half-life (t 1/2) of the immobilized inulinase at 60 and 80ºC was found to be 231 and 99 min, respectively. The reusability of the immobilized formulation was evaluated based on a method in which the enzyme retained 50% of its initial activity, which occurred after the eighteenth operation cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mishela Temkov
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia.,Faculty of Technology University of Food Technologies Plovdiv Bulgaria
| | - Aleksandar Petrovski
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Emilija Gjorgieva
- Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Emil Popovski
- Institute of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Maja Lazarova
- Technological Technical Faculty University Goce Delcev Shtip Republic of Macedonia
| | - Ivan Boev
- Technological Technical Faculty University Goce Delcev Shtip Republic of Macedonia
| | - Perica Paunovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Anita Grozdanov
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Dimitrov
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje Skopje Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aliaksandr Baidak
- Dalton Cumbrian Facility University of Manchester West Lakes United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry University of Manchester Manchester United Kingdom
| | - Albert Krastanov
- Faculty of Technology University of Food Technologies Plovdiv Bulgaria
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Topcu C, Caglar B, Guner EK, Coldur F, Caglar S, Yıldırım Ö, Volkan Özdokur K, Cubuk O. Novel Copper(II)-Selective Potentiometric Sensor Based on a Folic Acid-Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Material. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1617300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Topcu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Samsun University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Bulent Caglar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Eda Keles Guner
- Department of Civil Defence and Firefighting, Uzumlu Vocational School, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Fatih Coldur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Sema Caglar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Özden Yıldırım
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Kemal Volkan Özdokur
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Osman Cubuk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
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Lee K, Lee J, Kwak M, Cho YL, Hwang B, Cho MJ, Lee NG, Park J, Lee SH, Park JG, Kim YG, Kim JS, Han TS, Cho HS, Park YJ, Lee SJ, Lee HG, Kim WK, Jeung IC, Song NW, Bae KH, Min JK. Two distinct cellular pathways leading to endothelial cell cytotoxicity by silica nanoparticle size. J Nanobiotechnology 2019; 17:24. [PMID: 30722792 PMCID: PMC6362579 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-019-0456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are widely used for biosensing and diagnostics, and for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. Safety concerns about the biomedical and clinical applications of SiNPs have been raised, necessitating analysis of the effects of their intrinsic properties, such as sizes, shapes, and surface physicochemical characteristics, on human health to minimize risk in biomedical applications. In particular, SiNP size-associated toxicological effects, and the underlying molecular mechanisms in the vascular endothelium remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the detailed mechanisms underlying the cellular response to exposure to trace amounts of SiNPs and to determine applicable size criteria for biomedical application. Methods To clarify whether these SiNP-mediated cytotoxicity due to induction of apoptosis or necrosis, human ECs were treated with SiNPs of four different non-overlapping sizes under low serum-containing condition, stained with annexin V and propidium iodide (PI), and subjected to flow cytometric analysis (FACS). Two types of cell death mechanisms were assessed in terms of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction, and autophagy activity. Results Spherical SiNPs had a diameter of 21.8 nm; this was further increased to 31.4, 42.9, and 56.7 nm. Hence, we investigated these effects in human endothelial cells (ECs) treated with these nanoparticles under overlap- or agglomerate-free conditions. The 20-nm SiNPs, but not SiNPs of other sizes, significantly induced apoptosis and necrosis. Surprisingly, the two types of cell death occurred independently and through different mechanisms. Apoptotic cell death resulted from ROS-mediated ER stress. Furthermore, autophagy-mediated necrotic cell death was induced through the PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling axis. Together, the present results indicate that SiNPs within a diameter of < 20-nm pose greater risks to cells in terms of cytotoxic effects. Conclusion These data provide novel insights into the size-dependence of the cytotoxic effects of silica nanoparticles and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The findings are expected to inform the applicable size range of SiNPs to ensure their safety in biomedical and clinical applications. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-019-0456-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwook Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kwak
- Center for Nano-Bio Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Lai Cho
- Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungtae Hwang
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Cho
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Geum Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongjin Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Gil Park
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Gu Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Seong Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Su Han
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Stem Cell Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Gu Lee
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Cheul Jeung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Woong Song
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Research Center for Metabolic Regulation, KRIBB, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ki Min
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Croissant JG, Brinker CJ. Biodegradable Silica-Based Nanoparticles: Dissolution Kinetics and Selective Bond Cleavage. Enzymes 2018; 43:181-214. [PMID: 30244807 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Silica-based nanomaterials are extensively used in industrial applications and academic biomedical research, thus properly assessing their toxicity and biodegradability is essential for their safe and effective formulation and use. Unfortunately, there is often a lot of confusion in the literature with respect to the toxicity and biodegradability of silica since various studies have yielded contradictory results. In this contribution, we first endeavor to underscore that the simplistic model of silica should be discarded in favor of a more realistic model recognizing that all silicas are not created equal and should thus be considered in the plural as silicas and silica hybrids, which indeed hold various biocompatibility and biodegradability profiles. We then demonstrated that all silicas are-as displayed in Nature-degradable in water by dissolution, as governed by the laws of kinetics. Lastly, we explore the vast potential of tuning the degradability of silica by materials design using various silica hybrids for redox-, pH-, enzymatic-, and biochelation-mediated lysis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas G Croissant
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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14
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Zhang S, Deng Q, Li Y, Zheng M, Wan C, Zheng C, Tang H, Huang F, Shi J. Novel amphiphilic polyvinylpyrrolidone functionalized silicone particles as carrier for low-cost lipase immobilization. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:172368. [PMID: 30110464 PMCID: PMC6030335 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The high catalytic activity, specificity and stability of immobilized lipase have been attracting great interest. How to reduce the cost of support materials has always been a hot topic in this field. Herein, for the development of low-cost immobilized lipase, we demonstrate an amphiphilic polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) grafted on silicone particle (SP) surface materials (SP-PVP) with a rational design based on interfacial activation and solution polymerization. Meanwhile, hydrophilic pristine SP and hydrophobic polystyrene-corded silicone particles (SP-Pst) were also prepared for lipase immobilization. SP-PVP was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. Our results indicated that the lipase loading amount on the SP-PVP composites was about 215 mg of protein per gram. In the activity assay, the immobilized lipase SP-PVP@CRL exhibited higher catalysis activity and better thermostability and reusability than SP@CRL and SP-Pst@CRL. The immobilized lipase retained more than 54% of its initial activity after 10 times of re-use and approximately trended to a steady rate in the following cycles. By introducing the interesting amphiphilic polymer to this cheap and easily obtained SP surface, the relative performance of the immobilized lipase can be significantly improved, facilitating interactions between the low-cost support materials and lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
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15
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Human exposure to nanoparticles through trophic transfer and the biosafety concerns that nanoparticle-contaminated foods pose to consumers. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Neeraj G, Ravi S, Somdutt R, Ravi SK, Kumar VV. Immobilized inulinase: a new horizon of paramount importance driving the production of sweetener and prebiotics. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:409-422. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1359146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Neeraj
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Shobana Ravi
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Ravindran Somdutt
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - ShriAishvarya Kaliyur Ravi
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Chennai, India
| | - Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Chennai, India
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17
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Karimi M, Sadeghi R, Kokini J. Pomegranate as a promising opportunity in medicine and nanotechnology. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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18
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Dolinina E, Vlasenkova M, Parfenyuk E. Effect of trehalose on structural state of bovine serum albumin adsorbed onto mesoporous silica and the protein release kinetics in vitro. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Synchronized purification and immobilization of his-tagged β-glucosidase via Fe 3O 4/PMG core/shell magnetic nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41741. [PMID: 28134334 PMCID: PMC5278371 DOI: 10.1038/srep41741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, an efficient and convenient Fe3O4/PMG/IDA-Ni2+ nanoparticles that applied to purify and immobilize his-tagged β-glucosidase was synthesized, in which, Fe3O4/PMG (poly (N, N’-methylenebisacrylamide-co-glycidyl methacrylate) core/shell microspheres were synthesized firstly using distillation-precipitation polymerization, then iminodiacetic acid (IDA) was used to open epoxy rings on the shell of microspheres to the combination of Ni2+. The gene of β-glucosidase that was from Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki was amplified, cloned into the expression vector pET28a with an N-terminal His-tag, and expressed in E.coli BL21. The nanoparticles showed the same purification efficiency as commercial nickel column which was a frequently used method in the field of purifying his-tagged proteins from crude cell lysates. The results indicated that Fe3O4/PMG/IDA-Ni2+ nanoparticles can be considered as an excellent purification material. β-glucosidase was immobilized on the surface of Fe3O4/PMG/IDA-Ni2+ to form Fe3O4/PMG/IDA-β-glucosidase by means of covalent bound with imidazolyl and Ni2+. The immobilized β-glucosidase exhibited excellent catalytic activity and stabilities compared with free β-glucosidase. In addition, immobilized β-glucosidase can be recycled for many times and retain more than 65% of the original activity. The materials display enormous potential in the aspect of purifying and immobilizing enzyme.
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20
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Sadeghi R, Rodriguez RJ, Yao Y, Kokini JL. Advances in Nanotechnology as They Pertain to Food and Agriculture: Benefits and Risks. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2017; 8:467-492. [PMID: 28125343 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-041715-033338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is an emerging and rapidly developing toolbox that has novel and unique applications to food science and agriculture. Fast and impressive developments in nanotechnology for food and agriculture have led to new experimental prototype technologies and products. Developing various types of nanodelivery systems, detection tools, nanoscale modifications of bulk or surface properties, fabrication of wide-range bionanosensors, and biodegradable nanoplatforms can potentially improve consumer health and safety, product shelf life and stability, bioavailability, environmental sustainability, efficiency of processing and packaging, and real-time monitoring. Some recently developed nanotechnology techniques and potential product applications of nanotechnology are summarized in this review. Exposure to nanomaterials may be harmful to the consumer and the environment and might increase the potential of risk. For this reason, evaluation of the potential risks resulting from the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems, humans, and the environment is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohollah Sadeghi
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; , , ,
| | - Randol J Rodriguez
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; , , ,
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; , , ,
| | - Jozef L Kokini
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; , , ,
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21
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Croissant JG, Cattoën X, Durand JO, Wong Chi Man M, Khashab NM. Organosilica hybrid nanomaterials with a high organic content: syntheses and applications of silsesquioxanes. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19945-19972. [PMID: 27897295 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06862f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid materials garner properties from their organic and inorganic matrices as well as synergistic features, and therefore have recently attracted much attention at the nanoscale. Non-porous organosilica hybrid nanomaterials with a high organic content such as silsesquioxanes (R-SiO1.5, with R organic groups) and bridged silsesquioxanes (O1.5Si-R-SiO1.5) are especially attractive hybrids since they provide 20 to 80 weight percent of organic functional groups in addition to the known chemistry and stability of silica. In the organosilica family, silsesquioxanes (R-SiO1.5) stand between silicas (SiO2) and silicones (R2SiO), and are variously called organosilicas, ormosil (organically-modified silica), polysilsesquioxanes and silica hybrids. Herein, we comprehensively review non-porous silsesquioxane and bridged silsesquioxane nanomaterials and their applications in nanomedicine, electro-optics, and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas G Croissant
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Xavier Cattoën
- Institut Néel, Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Olivier Durand
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR-5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1cc, 1701 Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpelliercedex 05, France
| | - Michel Wong Chi Man
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier UMR-5253 CNRS-UM2-ENSCM-UM1cc, 1701 Place Eugène Bataillon, F-34095 Montpelliercedex 05, France
| | - Niveen M Khashab
- Smart Hybrid Materials Laboratory, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Amirbandeh M, Taheri-Kafrani A. Immobilization of glucoamylase on triazine-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 /graphene oxide nanocomposite: Improved stability and reusability. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1183-1191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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23
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Immobilization of inulinase from Aspergillus niger on octadecyl substituted nanoporous silica: Inulin hydrolysis in a continuous mode operation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Singh RS, Singh RP, Kennedy JF. Recent insights in enzymatic synthesis of fructooligosaccharides from inulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 85:565-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Acetylcholinesterase immobilization and characterization, and comparison of the activity of the porous silicon-immobilized enzyme with its free counterpart. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20150154. [PMID: 26839417 PMCID: PMC4793299 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The physically adsorbed acetylcholinesterase on mesoporous silicon surface is presented. The catalytic behavior of immobilized enzyme was assessed by spectrophotometric bioassay. The immobilization enhanced the reusability, shelf life and thermal as well as pH stability A successful prescription is presented for acetylcholinesterase physically adsorbed on to a mesoporous silicon surface, with a promising hydrolytic response towards acetylthiocholine iodide. The catalytic behaviour of the immobilized enzyme was assessed by spectrophotometric bioassay using neostigmine methyl sulfate as a standard acetycholinesterase inhibitor. The surface modification was studied through field emission SEM, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, cathode luminescence and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, photoluminescence measurement and spectrophotometric bioassay. The porous silicon-immobilized enzyme not only yielded greater enzyme stability, but also significantly improved the native photoluminescence at room temperature of the bare porous silicon architecture. The results indicated the promising catalytic behaviour of immobilized enzyme compared with that of its free counterpart, with a greater stability, and that it aided reusability and easy separation from the reaction mixture. The porous silicon-immobilized enzyme was found to retain 50% of its activity, promising thermal stability up to 90°C, reusability for up to three cycles, pH stability over a broad pH of 4–9 and a shelf-life of 44 days, with an optimal hydrolytic response towards acetylthiocholine iodide at variable drug concentrations. On the basis of these findings, it was believed that the porous silicon-immobilized enzyme could be exploited as a reusable biocatalyst and for screening of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from crude plant extracts and synthesized organic compounds. Moreover, the immobilized enzyme could offer a great deal as a viable biocatalyst in bioprocessing for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, and bioremediation to enhance productivity and robustness.
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Yang X, Chen D, Zhao H. Silica particles with immobilized protein molecules and polymer brushes. Acta Biomater 2016; 29:446-454. [PMID: 26597547 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this research thermo-responsive polymer brushes and protein molecules are immobilized on the surfaces of silica particles by covalent bonds. Pyridyl disulfide functionalized silica particles are prepared by surface chemical reactions, and thiol-terminated poly(oligo(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylate) (POEGMA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules are grafted to the silica particles by thiol-disulfide exchange reactions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, confocal laser scanning microscopy, far-UV circular dichroism and transmission electron microscopy are employed to characterize the polymer/protein mixed layers on silica particles. The POEGMA brushes not only protect the protein molecules but also improve the dispersibility of the hybrid particles in aqueous solution. The activity of the immobilized BSA protein can be controlled by the thermo-responsive POEGMA brushes. At a temperature below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of POEGMA, BSA activity is not affected by polymer brushes; however, BSA activity decreases significantly at a temperature above the LCST of POEGMA. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE In this research, both protein molecules and polymer brushes were anchored to the silica particles by highly efficient thiol-disulfide exchange reaction, and their grafting density can easily be determined by UV-vis. Owing to the temperature-sensitive nature of the grafted polymer brushes, the protein molecules can be protected by the collapsed polymer brushes above the LCST, and their catalytic activity can be controlled. Moreover, the protein molecules on silica particles can be easily separated from the solution and can be reused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Hanying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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Tan Q, Chen G, Zeng G, Chen A, Guan S, Li Z, Zuo Y, Huang Z, Guo Z. Physiological fluxes and antioxidative enzymes activities of immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium loaded with TiO2 nanoparticles after exposure to toxic pollutants in solution. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 128:21-27. [PMID: 25638529 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium loaded with TiO2 nanoparticles (PTNs) are novel high-value bioremediation materials for adsorbing cadmium and for degrading 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). The real-time changes in H(+) and O2 fluxes were measured using the noninvasive microtest technique (NMT). The H(+) influx increased after the addition of 2,4-DCP, and shifted to efflux following the addition of Cd(2+). The O2 flux decreased after the addition of both 2,4-DCP and Cd(2+). A larger Cd(2+) flux was immediately observed after exposure to 0.5mM Cd(2+) (-351.25 pmol cm(-2) s(-1)) than to 0.1 mM Cd(2+) (-107.47 pmol cm(-2) s(-1)). The removal of Cd(2+) by the PTNs increased more after treatment with the 0.5 mM exposure solution (27.6 mg g(-1)) than with the 0.1 mM exposure solution (3.49 mg g(-1)). The enzyme activities were analyzed to review the antioxidative defense system of PTNs in a solution containing various concentrations of Cd(2+). The activities of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase as well as the enzyme catalase (CAT) plateaued at 6.5 U g(-1) FW and 9.7 U g(-1) FW, respectively, after exposure to 0.25 mM Cd(2+). The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased gradually in solutions containing 0.1-0.6 mM Cd(2+), and eventually reached a maximum (68.86 U g(-1) FW). These results illustrate how the antioxidative defense system and the physiological fluxes of PTNs respond to the stress caused by toxic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guiqiu Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Song Guan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yanan Zuo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhenzhen Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Zhi Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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28
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Garlet TB, Weber CT, Klaic R, Foletto EL, Jahn SL, Mazutti MA, Kuhn RC. Carbon nanotubes as supports for inulinase immobilization. Molecules 2014; 19:14615-24. [PMID: 25225722 PMCID: PMC6270940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The commercial inulinase obtained from Aspergillus niger was non-covalently immobilized on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT-COOH). The immobilization conditions for the carbon nanotubes were defined by the central composite rotational design (CCRD). The effects of enzyme concentration (0.8%–1.7% v/v) and adsorbent:adsorbate ratio (1:460–1:175) on the enzyme immobilization were studied. The adsorbent:adsorbate ratio variable has positive effect and the enzyme concentration has a negative effect on the inulinase immobilization (U/g) response at the 90% significance level. These results show that the lower the enzyme concentration and the higher the adsorbent:adsorbate ratio, better is the immobilization. According to the results, it is possible to observe that the carbon nanotubes present an effective inulinase adsorption. Fast adsorption in about six minutes and a loading capacity of 51,047 U/g support using a 1.3% (v/v) inulinase concentration and a 1:460 adsorbent:adsorbate ratio was observed. The effects of temperature on the immobilized enzyme activity were evaluated, showing better activity at 50 °C. The immobilized enzyme maintained 100% of its activity during five weeks at room temperature. The immobilization strategy with MWNT-COOH was defined by the experimental design, showing that inulinase immobilization is a promising biotechnological application of carbon nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tais B Garlet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Caroline T Weber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Klaic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Edson L Foletto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sergio L Jahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Mazutti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Raquel C Kuhn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
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29
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Zucca P, Sanjust E. Inorganic materials as supports for covalent enzyme immobilization: methods and mechanisms. Molecules 2014; 19:14139-94. [PMID: 25207718 PMCID: PMC6272024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Several inorganic materials are potentially suitable for enzymatic covalent immobilization, by means of several different techniques. Such materials must meet stringent criteria to be suitable as solid matrices: complete insolubility in water, reasonable mechanical strength and chemical resistance under the operational conditions, the capability to form manageable particles with high surface area, reactivity towards derivatizing/functionalizing agents. Non-specific protein adsorption should be always considered when planning covalent immobilization on inorganic solids. A huge mass of experimental work has shown that silica, silicates, borosilicates and aluminosilicates, alumina, titania, and other oxides, are the materials of choice when attempting enzyme immobilizations on inorganic supports. More recently, some forms of elemental carbon, silicon, and certain metals have been also proposed for certain applications. With regard to the derivatization/functionalization techniques, the use of organosilanes through silanization is undoubtedly the most studied and the most applied, although inorganic bridge formation and acylation with selected acyl halides have been deeply studied. In the present article, the most common inorganic supports for covalent immobilization of the enzymes are reviewed, with particular focus on their advantages and disadvantages in terms of enzyme loadings, operational stability, undesired adsorption, and costs. Mechanisms and methods for covalent immobilization are also discussed, focusing on the most widespread activating approaches (such as glutaraldehyde, cyanogen bromide, divinylsulfone, carbodiimides, carbonyldiimidazole, sulfonyl chlorides, chlorocarbonates, N-hydroxysuccinimides).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zucca
- Consorzio UNO, Consortium University of Oristano, Oristano 09170, Italy.
| | - Enrico Sanjust
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Cagliari, Monserrato 09042, Italy.
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