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Aguilera-Toro M, Kragh ML, Thomasen AV, Piccini V, Rauh V, Xiao Y, Wiking L, Poulsen NA, Hansen LT, Larsen LB. Proteolytic activity and heat resistance of the protease AprX from Pseudomonas in relation to genotypic characteristics. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 391-393:110147. [PMID: 36848797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
AprX is an alkaline metalloprotease produced by Pseudomonas spp. and encoded by its initial gene of the aprX-lipA operon. The intrinsic diversity among Pseudomonas spp. regarding their proteolytic activity is the main challenge for the development of accurate methods for spoilage prediction of ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk in the dairy industry. In the present study, 56 Pseudomonas strains were characterized by assessing their proteolytic activity in milk before and after lab-scale UHT treatment. From these, 24 strains were selected based on their proteolytic activity for whole genome sequencing (WGS) to identify common genotypic characteristics that correlated with the observed variations in proteolytic activity. Four groups (A1, A2, B and N) were determined based on operon aprX-lipA sequence similarities. These alignment groups were observed to significantly influence the proteolytic activity of the strains, with an average proteolytic activity of A1 > A2 > B > N. The lab-scale UHT treatment did not significantly influence their proteolytic activity, indicating a high thermal stability of proteases among strains. Amino acid sequence variation of biologically-relevant motifs in the AprX sequence, namely the Zn2+-binding motif at the catalytic domain and the C-terminal type I secretion signaling mechanism, were found to be highly conserved within alignment groups. These motifs could serve as future potential genetic biomarkers for determination of alignment groups and thereby strain spoilage potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Laage Kragh
- Technical University of Denmark, Food Microbiology and Hygiene Research Group, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Yinghua Xiao
- Arla Innovation Center, Arla Foods Amba, Denmark
| | - Lars Wiking
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Denmark
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Das M, Ghosh M. Screening, characterization, and kinetic studies of a serine alkaline protease from kitchen wastewater bacteria P2S1An and evaluation of its application in nutraceutical production. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2023; 95:e10848. [PMID: 36813755 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This present investigation aimed at characterizing the biochemical potential and kinetic study of the protease isolated from kitchen wastewater bacteria, P2S1An. The enzymatic activity was optimum when incubated for 96 h, at 30°C and pH 9.0. The enzymatic activity of the purified protease (PrA) was 10.47-folds that of crude protease (S1). PrA was about 35 kDa in molecular weight. The broad pH and thermal stability, chelators, surfactants and solvent tolerance, and favorable thermodynamics suggested the potentiality of the extracted protease PrA. Thermal activity and stability were enhanced in presence of 1-mM Ca2+ ion at high temperatures. The protease was a serine one as its activity was completely diminished in presence of 1-mM PMSF. The Vmax , Km , and Kcat /Km suggested stability and catalytic efficiency of the protease. PrA hydrolyzes fish protein with 26.61 ± 0.16% of peptide bond cleavage after 240 min, comparable to Alcalase 2.4L (27.13 ± 0.31%). PRACTITIONER POINTS: A serine alkaline protease PrA was extracted from kitchen wastewater bacteria Bacillus tropicus Y14. Protease PrA showed significant activity and stability in a wide temperature and pH range. Protease showed great stability towards additives like metal ions, solvents, surfactants, polyols, and inhibitors. Kinetic study showed that the protease PrA had a prominent affinity and catalytic efficiency for the substrates. PrA hydrolysed fish proteins into short bioactive peptides which signify its potential in the formation of functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhushrita Das
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Mahua Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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3
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Evaluating Enzymatic Productivity—The Missing Link to Enzyme Utility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136908. [PMID: 35805910 PMCID: PMC9266678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetic productivity analysis is critical to the characterization of enzyme catalytic performance and capacity. However, productivity analysis has been largely overlooked in the published literature. Less than 0.01% of studies which report on enzyme characterization present productivity analysis, despite the fact that this is the only measurement method that provides a reliable indicator of potential commercial utility. Here, we argue that reporting productivity data involving native, modified, and immobilized enzymes under different reaction conditions will be of immense value in optimizing enzymatic processes, with a view to accelerating biotechnological applications. With the use of examples from wide-ranging studies, we demonstrate that productivity is a measure of critical importance to the translational and commercial use of enzymes and processes that employ them. We conclude the review by suggesting steps to maximize the productivity of enzyme catalyzed reactions.
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Maier C, Huptas C, von Neubeck M, Scherer S, Wenning M, Lücking G. Genetic Organization of the aprX-lipA2 Operon Affects the Proteolytic Potential of Pseudomonas Species in Milk. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1190. [PMID: 32587583 PMCID: PMC7298200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychrotolerant Pseudomonas species are a main cause of proteolytic spoilage of ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk products due to the secretion of the heat-resistant metallopeptidase AprX, which is encoded by the first gene of the aprX-lipA2 operon. While the proteolytic property has been characterized for many different Pseudomonas isolates, the underlying aprX-lipA2 gene organization was only described for a few strains so far. In this study, the phylogenomic analysis of 185 Pseudomonas type strains revealed that the presence of aprX is strongly associated to a monophylum composed of 81 species, of which 83% carried the aprX locus. Furthermore, almost all type strains of known milk-relevant species were shown to be members of the three monophyletic groups P. fluorescens, P. gessardii, and P. fragi. In total, 22 different types of aprX-lipA2 genetic organizations were identified in the genus, whereby 31% of the species tested carried the type 1 operon structure consisting of eight genes (aprXIDEF prtAB lipA2). Other genetic structures differed from type 1 mainly in the presence and location of genes coding for two lipases (lipA1 and lipA2) and putative autotransporters (prtA and prtB). The peptidase activity of 129 strains, as determined on skim milk agar and in UHT-milk, correlated largely with different aprX-lipA2 gene compositions. Particularly, isolates harboring the type 1 operon were highly proteolytic, while strains with other operon types, especially ones lacking prtA and prtB, exhibited significantly lower peptidase activities. In conclusion, the phylogenomic position and the aprX-lipA2 gene organization specify the proteolytic potential of Pseudomonas isolates. In addition, however, an interplay of several environmental factors and intrinsic traits influences production and activity of AprX, leading to strain-specific proteolytic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Maier
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Christopher Huptas
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Mario von Neubeck
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Siegfried Scherer
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobielle Ökologie, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Mareike Wenning
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL), Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Genia Lücking
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Ibrahim ASS, Elbadawi YB, El-Tayeb MA, Al-Maary KS, Maany DAF, Ibrahim SSS, Elagib AA. Alkaline serine protease from the new halotolerant alkaliphilic Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens strain AK-R: purification and properties. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:391. [PMID: 31656729 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the purification and characterization of an alkaline protease from the alkaliphilic Salipaludibacillus agaradhaerens (formerly Bacillus agaradhaerens) strain AK-R, which was previously isolated from Egyptian soda lakes. The purification procedures resulted in enzyme purification up to 13.3-fold, with a recovery yield of 16.3% and a specific activity of 3488 U/mg protein. AK-R protease was a monomeric protein with an estimated molecular weight of 33.0 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature for AK-R protease were pH 10 and 60 °C, respectively. The enzyme thermostability was significantly enhanced in the presence of CaCl2 by approximately 1.3-fold. Moreover, under optimal conditions, the K m and V max values of the enzyme were 2.63 mg/ml and 4166.7 U/mg, respectively. PMSF caused complete inhibition of the enzyme activity, suggesting that AK-R belongs to the serine protease family. In addition, the enzyme was completely inhibited by EDTA, revealing the requirement of metal ions for AK-R protease activity; hence, it can be classified as a metalloprotease. AK-R protease is a mostly thiol-independent enzyme, since thiol reductants such as β-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol had no effect on the enzyme activity. AK-R protease exhibited high stability in several organic solvents, including butanol, amyl alcohol, dimethyl ether, toluene, diethyl ether and methanol. Moreover, AK-R protease showed significant stability to a variety of surfactants and commercial detergents. The features and properties of AK-R alkaline protease are favourable and suggest its potential applications in various industries, particularly in the laundry detergent industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnasser S S Ibrahim
- 1Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12311 Egypt
- 2Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya B Elbadawi
- 2Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El-Tayeb
- 2Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Al-Maary
- 2Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina Abdel Fattah Maany
- 1Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12311 Egypt
| | - Shebl Salah S Ibrahim
- 3Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif A Elagib
- 4Tropical Medicine Research Institute, PO Box 1304, Khartoum, Sudan
- 5National Centre for Research, Khartoum, Sudan
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Zhang C, Bijl E, Svensson B, Hettinga K. The Extracellular Protease AprX fromPseudomonasand its Spoilage Potential for UHT Milk: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:834-852. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyue Zhang
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design GroupWageningen Univ. and Research P.O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Etske Bijl
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design GroupWageningen Univ. and Research P.O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Birgitta Svensson
- Tetra Pak Processing Systems ABRuben Rausings gata 221 86 Lund Sweden
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Dairy Science and Technology, Food Quality and Design GroupWageningen Univ. and Research P.O. Box 17 6700 AA Wageningen the Netherlands
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Volk V, Glück C, Leptihn S, Ewert J, Stressler T, Fischer L. Two Heat Resistant Endopeptidases from Pseudomonas Species with Destabilizing Potential during Milk Storage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:905-915. [PMID: 30585481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the extracellular endopeptidases from Pseudomonas lundensis and Pseudomonas proteolytica were investigated. The amino acid sequence identity between both endopeptidases is 68%. Both endopeptidases were purified to homogeneity and partially characterized. They were classified as metallopeptidases with a maximum activity at pH 10.0 ( P. lundensis) or 8.5 ( P. proteolytica) at 35 °C. Both remained active in skim milk with 39.7 ± 2.4% and 24.5 ± 3.3%, respectively, of the initial enzyme activity after UHT processing (138 °C for 20 s), indicating the relevance for milk destabilization. The transition points in buffer were determined at 50 °C ( P. lundensis) and 43 °C ( P. proteolytica) using circular dichroism spectroscopy. The loss of the secondary structure at different temperatures was correlated with residual peptidase activities after heat treatment. The ability to destabilize UHT milk was proven by supplementation of skim milk with endopeptidase and storage for 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sebastian Leptihn
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology , University of Hohenheim , Garbenstrasse 30 , 70599 Stuttgart , Germany
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Ribeiro Júnior JC, Teider Junior PI, Oliveira AL, Rios EA, Tamanini R, Beloti V. Proteolytic and lipolytic potential of Pseudomonas spp. from goat and bovine raw milk. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Pseudomonas, the main genus of gram-negative microorganisms isolated from milk, is psychrotrophic, biofilm-forming, and thermo-resistant deteriorating enzyme producers. The aim of this study was to quantify Pseudomonas spp. in goat’s and cow’s milk produced in the Paraná state, Brazil, to evaluate the deteriorating activity of the isolates at mesophilic and psychrotrophic conditions and to identify, at the species level, the isolates with alkaline metalloprotease (aprX gene) production potential. Microbiological, biochemical and molecular methods were used for isolating, confirming and identifying of isolates. The mean counts were 1.6 (±6.3)x104 and 0.89(±3)x102 CFU/mL for goat and bovine milk samples, respectively, immediately after milking. Of the Pseudomonas colonies isolated from goat milk (n=60), 91.7% showed proteolytic potential when incubated at 35°C/48 h and 80% at 7°C/10 days, and lipolytic potential was observed in 95% of the isolates incubated in mesophilic and 78.3% at refrigeration conditions. From the isolates of bovine milk (n=20), 35% showed proteolytic activity only when incubated at 35°C/48 h, and lipolytic potential was observed in 25% of the isolates incubated at 7°C/10d and 35°C/48h. It was observed that 83.3% and 25% of the isolates genetically confirmed as Pseudomonas spp. of goat and bovine milk showed the potential for alkaline metalloprotease production, with the species P. azotoformans, P. koreensis, P. gessardii, P. monteilii and P. lurida being the most frequent in goat milk and P. aeruginosa the only species identified in cow milk.
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9
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Xu T, Zhan S, Yi M, Chi B, Xu H, Mao C. Degradation performance of polyglutamic acid and its application of calcium supplement. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Shuyue Zhan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Meihui Yi
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Bo Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry; Nanjing Tech University; Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Chun Mao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Nanjing Normal University; Nanjing 210023 China
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Jayawardena MB, Yee LH, Poljak A, Cavicchioli R, Kjelleberg SJ, Siddiqui KS. Enhancement of lipase stability and productivity through chemical modification and its application to latex-based polymer emulsions. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Machado SG, Baglinière F, Marchand S, Van Coillie E, Vanetti MCD, De Block J, Heyndrickx M. The Biodiversity of the Microbiota Producing Heat-Resistant Enzymes Responsible for Spoilage in Processed Bovine Milk and Dairy Products. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:302. [PMID: 28298906 PMCID: PMC5331058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Raw bovine milk is highly nutritious as well as pH-neutral, providing the ideal conditions for microbial growth. The microbiota of raw milk is diverse and originates from several sources of contamination including the external udder surface, milking equipment, air, water, feed, grass, feces, and soil. Many bacterial and fungal species can be found in raw milk. The autochthonous microbiota of raw milk immediately after milking generally comprises lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Leuconostoc species, which are technologically important for the dairy industry, although they do occasionally cause spoilage of dairy products. Differences in milking practices and storage conditions on each continent, country and region result in variable microbial population structures in raw milk. Raw milk is usually stored at cold temperatures, e.g., about 4°C before processing to reduce the growth of most bacteria. However, psychrotrophic bacteria can proliferate and contribute to spoilage of ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated and sterilized milk and other dairy products with a long shelf life due to their ability to produce extracellular heat resistant enzymes such as peptidases and lipases. Worldwide, species of Pseudomonas, with the ability to produce these spoilage enzymes, are the most common contaminants isolated from cold raw milk although other genera such as Serratia are also reported as important milk spoilers, while for others more research is needed on the heat resistance of the spoilage enzymes produced. The residual activity of extracellular enzymes after high heat treatment may lead to technological problems (off flavors, physico-chemical instability) during the shelf life of milk and dairy products. This review covers the contamination patterns of cold raw milk in several parts of the world, the growth potential of psychrotrophic bacteria, their ability to produce extracellular heat-resistant enzymes and the consequences for dairy products with a long shelf life. This problem is of increasing importance because of the large worldwide trade in fluid milk and milk powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solimar G Machado
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais - Campus Salinas Salinas, Brazil
| | | | - Sophie Marchand
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fischeries and Food (ILVO) Melle, Belgium
| | - Els Van Coillie
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fischeries and Food (ILVO) Melle, Belgium
| | - Maria C D Vanetti
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Jan De Block
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fischeries and Food (ILVO) Melle, Belgium
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fischeries and Food (ILVO)Melle, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent UniversityMerelbeke, Belgium
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12
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Heat stability of indigenous milk plasmin and proteases from Pseudomonas: A challenge in the production of ultra-high temperature milk products. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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13
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Siddiqui KS. Defying the activity–stability trade-off in enzymes: taking advantage of entropy to enhance activity and thermostability. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:309-322. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2016.1144045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khawar Sohail Siddiqui
- Department of Life Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Development of novel robust nanobiocatalyst for detergents formulations and the other applications of alkaline protease. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:793-805. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1559-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Some like it hot, some like it cold: Temperature dependent biotechnological applications and improvements in extremophilic enzymes. Biotechnol Adv 2015; 33:1912-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Detergent-, solvent- and salt-compatible thermoactive alkaline serine protease from halotolerant alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. NPST-AK15: purification and characterization. Extremophiles 2015; 19:961-71. [PMID: 26159877 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-015-0771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline protease produced by the halotolerant alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. strain NPST-AK15 was purified to homogeneity by the combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange and gel permeation chromatography. The purified enzyme was a monomeric protein with an estimated molecular weight of 32 kDa. NPST-AK15 protease was highly active and stable over a wide pH range, with a maximal activity at pH 10.5. The enzyme showed optimum activity at 60 °C and was stable at 30-50 °C for at least 1 h. Thermal stability of the purified protease was substantially improved by CaCl2 (1.1- to 6.6-fold). The K m, V max and k cat values for the enzyme were 2.5 mg ml(-1), 42.5 µM min(-1) mg(-1), and 392.46 × 10(3) min(-1), respectively. NPST-AK15 protease activity was strongly inhibited by PMSF, suggesting that the enzyme is a serine protease. The enzyme was highly stable in NaCl up to 20 % (w/v). Moreover, the purified enzyme was stable in several organic solvents such as diethyl ether, benzene, toluene, and chloroform. In addition, it showed high stability and compatibility with a wide range of surfactants and commercial detergents and was slightly activated by hydrogen peroxide. These features of NPST-AK15 protease make this enzyme a promising candidate for application in the laundry and pharmaceutical industries.
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