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Li YX, Hua XH, Yan QJ, Jin Y, Jiang ZQ. One-Pot Three-Enzyme System for Production of a Novel Prebiotic Mannosyl-β-(1 → 4)-Fructose Using a d-Mannose Isomerase from Xanthomonas phaseoli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12117-12127. [PMID: 36121717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The present supply of prebiotics is entirely inadequate to meet their demand. To produce novel prebiotics, a d-mannose isomerase (XpMIaseA) from Xanthomonas phaseoli was first produced in Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris). XpMIaseA shared the highest amino acid sequence identity (58.0%) with the enzyme from Marinomonas mediterranea. Efficient secretory production of XpMIaseA (282.0 U mL-1) was achieved using high cell density fermentation. The optimal conditions of XpMIaseA were pH 7.5 and 55 °C. It showed a broad substrate specificity, which isomerized d-mannose, d-talose, mannobiose, epilactose, and mannotriose. XpMIaseA was employed to construct a one-pot three-enzyme system for the production of mannosyl-β-(1 → 4)-fructose (MF) using mannan (5%, w/v) as the substrate. The equilibrium yield of MF was 58.2%. In in vitro fermentations, MF significantly stimulated (≤3.2-fold) the growth of 12 among 15 tested Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains compared with fructo-oligosaccharides. Thus, the novel d-mannose isomerase provides a one-pot bioconversion strategy for efficiently producing novel prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Han Hua
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiao-Juan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zheng-Qiang Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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Malgas S, Thoresen M, Moses V, Prinsloo E, Susan van Dyk J, Pletschke BI. Analysis of the galactomannan binding ability of β-mannosidases, BtMan2A and CmMan5A, regarding their activity and synergism with a β-mannanase. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3140-3150. [PMID: 35782739 PMCID: PMC9232400 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BtMan2A preferred short manno-oligomers, while CmMan5A preferred longer ones; DP >2. BtMan2A displayed stronger irreversible binding to galactomannan than CmMan5A. BtMan2A binding to galactomannan did not affect its activity, while CmMan5A lost activity. BtMan2A binding was pH-dependent, with increased binding ability at lower pH. CmMan5A synergised with CcManA, while BtMan2A did not – even though the enzyme was active. High loadings of BtMan2A abolished CcManA activity; at protein ratios ≥ 5:1.
Both β-mannanases and β-mannosidases are required for mannan-backbone degradation into mannose. In this study, two β-mannosidases of glycoside hydrolase (GH) families 2 (BtMan2A) and 5 (CmMan5A) were evaluated for their substrate specificities and galactomannan binding ability. BtMan2A preferred short manno-oligomers, while CmMan5A preferred longer ones; DP >2, and galactomannans. BtMan2A displayed irreversible galactomannan binding, which was pH-dependent, with higher binding observed at low pH, while CmMan5A had limited binding. Docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that BtMan2A galactomannan binding was stronger under acidic conditions (-8.4 kcal/mol) than in a neutral environment (-7.6 kcal/mol), and the galactomannan ligand was more unstable under neutral conditions than acidic conditions. Qualitative surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experimentally confirmed the reduced binding capacity of BtMan2A at pH 7. Finally, synergistic β-mannanase to β-mannosidase (BtMan2A or CmMan5A) ratios required for maximal galactomannan hydrolysis were determined. All CcManA to CmMan5A combinations were synergistic (≈1.2-fold), while combinations of CcManA with BtMan2A (≈1.0-fold) yielded no hydrolysis improvement. In conclusion, the low specific activity of BtMan2A towards long and galactose-containing oligomers and its non-catalytic galactomannan binding ability led to no synergy with the mannanase, making GH2 mannosidases ineffective for use in cocktails for mannan degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samkelo Malgas
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, Eastern Cape 6140, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Gauteng 0028, South Africa
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Gauteng 0028, South Africa.
| | - Mariska Thoresen
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, Eastern Cape 6140, South Africa
| | - Vuyani Moses
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, Eastern Cape 6140, South Africa
| | - Earl Prinsloo
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda, Eastern Cape 6140, South Africa
| | - J. Susan van Dyk
- Forest Products Biotechnology, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Brett I. Pletschke
- Enzyme Science Programme (ESP), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Makhanda, Eastern Cape 6140, South Africa
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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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Crystal structure of a homotrimeric verrucomicrobial exo- β-1,4-mannosidase active in the hindgut of the wood-feeding termite Reticulitermes flavipes. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY-X 2021; 5:100048. [PMID: 34195602 PMCID: PMC8233224 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2021.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
First structure of a glycoside hydrolase from a bacterial symbiont isolated from the digestive tract of the notorious termite pest Reticulitermes flavipes. First example of a GH5 glycoside hydrolase that features a GH42-type homotrimeric structure. High exo-type specificity for the terminal ®-1,4-mannosidic linkages in mannooligosaccharides and unsubstituted®-mannans. Verrucomicrobial gut symbiont with high potential for hemicellulose degradation.
The termite Reticulitermes flavipes causes extensive damage due to the high efficiency and broad specificity of the ligno- and hemicellulolytic enzyme systems produced by its symbionts. Thus, the R. flavipes gut microbiome is expected to constitute an excellent source of enzymes that can be used for the degradation and valorization of plant biomass. The symbiont Opitutaceae bacterium strain TAV5 belongs to the phylum Verrucomicrobia and thrives in the hindgut of R. flavipes. The sequence of the gene with the locus tag opit5_10225 in the Opitutaceae bacterium strain TAV5 genome has been classified as a member of glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5), and provisionally annotated as an endo-β-mannanase. We characterized biochemically and structurally the opit5_10225 gene product, and show that the enzyme, Op5Man5, is an exo-β-1,4-mannosidase [EC 3.2.1.25] that is highly specific for β-1,4-mannosidic bonds in mannooligosaccharides and ivory nut mannan. The structure of Op5Man5 was phased using electron cryo-microscopy and further determined and refined at 2.2 Å resolution using X-ray crystallography. Op5Man5 features a 200-kDa large homotrimer composed of three modular monomers. Despite insignificant sequence similarity, the structure of the monomer, and homotrimeric assembly are similar to that of the GH42-family β-galactosidases and the GH164-family exo-β-1,4-mannosidase Bs164 from Bacteroides salyersiae. To the best of our knowledge Op5Man5 is the first structure of a glycoside hydrolase from a bacterial symbiont isolated from the R. flavipes digestive tract, as well as the first example of a GH5 glycoside hydrolase with a GH42 β-galactosidase-type homotrimeric structure.
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Key Words
- 4-mannosidase
- CAZy, Carbohydrate-Active enZymes database
- CMC, carboxymethyl cellulose
- Crystal structure
- DP, degree of polymerization
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- ESI-MS, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
- Electron cryo-microscopy
- Exo-β-1
- Fuc, fucopyranoside
- GH, glycoside hydrolase
- Gal, galactopyranoside
- Glc, glucopyranoside
- GlcNAc, N-acetyl glucosamine
- Glycosyl hydrolase family 5
- HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid
- HPAEC-PAD, High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography and Pulsed Amperometric Detection
- IPTG, β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside
- LBG, locust bean gum
- MOS, mannooligosaccharides
- MWCO, molecular weight cut-off
- Man, mannopyranoside
- Op5Man5, exo-β-1,4-mannosidase from Opitutaceae bacterium strain TAV5
- Opitutaceae
- Reticulitermes flavipes
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SEC, size-exclusion chromatography
- TCEP, tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride
- TLC, thin-layer chromatography
- Termite hindgut
- Verrucomicrobia
- Xyl, xylopyranoside
- cryo-EM, electron cryo-microscopy
- pNP, p-nitrophenyl
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Zhang K, Li Q, Wu W, Yang J, Zou W. Wheat Qu and Its Production Technology, Microbiota, Flavor, and Metabolites. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2373-2386. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaizheng Zhang
- Sichuan Univ. of Science & Engineering No. 180, Xueyuan St., Huixing Rd. Zigong 643000 Sichuan China
| | - Qiong Li
- Sichuan Univ. of Science & Engineering No. 180, Xueyuan St., Huixing Rd. Zigong 643000 Sichuan China
| | - Wenchi Wu
- Sichuan Univ. of Science & Engineering No. 180, Xueyuan St., Huixing Rd. Zigong 643000 Sichuan China
| | - Jiangang Yang
- Sichuan Univ. of Science & Engineering No. 180, Xueyuan St., Huixing Rd. Zigong 643000 Sichuan China
| | - Wei Zou
- Sichuan Univ. of Science & Engineering No. 180, Xueyuan St., Huixing Rd. Zigong 643000 Sichuan China
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Xie J, He Z, Wang Z, Wang B, Pan L. Efficient expression of a novel thermophilic fungal β-mannosidase from Lichtheimia ramosa with broad-range pH stability and its synergistic hydrolysis of locust bean gum. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:416-423. [PMID: 31130335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
β-Mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25) is an exoglycosidase specific for the hydrolysis of terminal β-1,4-glycosidic linkage in mannan which can be applied in the food manufacture, animal feed, bioethanol making and coffee extraction industries. A novel β-mannosidase gene (Lrman5A) from Lichtheimia ramosa was synthesized and recombinantly expressed in Pichia pastoris X33. Lrman5A encodes 444 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 51.0 kDa which shares the highest identity (73%) with the β-mannosidase from Rhizomucor miehei. Purified recombinant Lrman5A showed the maximal activity at pH 6.0 and 65°C, had broad-range pH stability (retaining >65% activity after incubation at pH 3.0-8.5 at 37°C for 24 h), and was highly thermostable (retaining >80% activity after incubation at 65°C for 10 min). The specific activity, and Km of Lrman5A was 17.5 U/mg and 1.377 mM, respectively. Lrman5A and GH5 β-mannanase displayed significant synergistic effects on the degradation of locust bean gum (LBG) and released more mannose (up to 2.89 folds) by simultaneous or sequential addition. Due to its hydrolytic properties, Lrman5A may have potential applications in the area of bioenergy, feed and food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xie
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China; AsiaPac (Dongguan) Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Songshan Lake National Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, No. 3, North Industrial Road, Dongguan City, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimei He
- AsiaPac (Dongguan) Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Songshan Lake National Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, No. 3, North Industrial Road, Dongguan City, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- AsiaPac (Dongguan) Bio-Technology Co., Ltd., Songshan Lake National Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone, No. 3, North Industrial Road, Dongguan City, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Pan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
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Costa DAL, Filho EXF. Microbial β-mannosidases and their industrial applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:535-547. [PMID: 30426153 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9500-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Heteropolymers of mannan are polysaccharide components of the plant cell wall of gymnosperms and some angiosperms, including palm trees (Arecales and Monocot). Degradation of the complex structure of these polysaccharides requires the synergistic action of enzymes that disrupt the internal carbon skeleton of mannan and accessory enzymes that remove side chain substituents. However, complete degradation of these polysaccharides is carried out by an exo-hydrolase termed β-mannosidase. Microbial β-mannosidases belong to families 1, 2, and 5 of glycosyl hydrolases, and catalyze the hydrolysis of non-reducing ends of mannose oligomers. Besides, these enzymes are also involved in transglycosylation reactions. Because of their activity at different temperatures and pH values, these enzymes are used in a variety of industrial applications and the pharmaceutical, food, and biofuel industries.
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You X, Qin Z, Yan Q, Yang S, Li Y, Jiang Z. Structural insights into the catalytic mechanism of a novel glycoside hydrolase family 113 β-1,4-mannanase from Amphibacillus xylanus. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:11746-11757. [PMID: 29871927 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
β-1,4-Mannanase degrades β-1,4-mannan polymers into manno-oligosaccharides with a low degree of polymerization. To date, only one glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 113 β-1,4-mannanase, from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius (AaManA), has been structurally characterized, and no complex structure of enzyme-manno-oligosaccharides from this family has been reported. Here, crystal structures of a GH family 113 β-1,4-mannanase from Amphibacillus xylanus (AxMan113A) and its complexes with mannobiose, mannotriose, mannopentaose, and mannahexaose were solved. AxMan113A had higher affinity for -1 and +1 mannoses, which explains why the enzyme can hydrolyze mannobiose. At least six subsites (-4 to +2) exist in the groove, but mannose units preferentially occupied subsites -4 to -1 because of steric hindrance formed by Lys-238 and Trp-239. Based on the structural information and bioinformatics, rational design was implemented to enhance hydrolysis activity. Enzyme activity of AxMan113A mutants V139C, N237W, K238A, and W239Y was improved by 93.7, 63.4, 112.9, and 36.4%, respectively, compared with the WT. In addition, previously unreported surface-binding sites were observed. Site-directed mutagenesis studies and kinetic data indicated that key residues near the surface sites play important roles in substrate binding and recognition. These first GH family 113 β-1,4-mannanase-manno-oligosaccharide complex structures may be useful in further studying the catalytic mechanism of GH family 113 members, and provide novel insight into protein engineering of GHs to improve their hydrolysis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin You
- From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083
| | - Zhen Qin
- the School of Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, and
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- the College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanxiao Li
- From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- the College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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