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Breukelaar W, Polidori N, Singh A, Daniel B, Glueck SM, Gruber K, Kroutil W. Mechanistic Insights into the Ene-Reductase-Catalyzed Promiscuous Reduction of Oximes to Amines. ACS Catal 2023; 13:2610-2618. [PMID: 36846821 PMCID: PMC9942197 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c06137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The biocatalytic reduction of the oxime moiety to the corresponding amine group has only recently been found to be a promiscuous activity of ene-reductases transforming α-oximo β-keto esters. However, the reaction pathway of this two-step reduction remained elusive. By studying the crystal structures of enzyme oxime complexes, analyzing molecular dynamics simulations, and investigating biocatalytic cascades and possible intermediates, we obtained evidence that the reaction proceeds via an imine intermediate and not via the hydroxylamine intermediate. The imine is reduced further by the ene-reductase to the amine product. Remarkably, a non-canonical tyrosine residue was found to contribute to the catalytic activity of the ene-reductase OPR3, protonating the hydroxyl group of the oxime in the first reduction step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem
B. Breukelaar
- Department
of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Nakia Polidori
- Institute
of Molecular Biosciences, University of
Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Amit Singh
- Institute
of Molecular Biosciences, University of
Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Bastian Daniel
- Institute
of Molecular Biosciences, University of
Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia M. Glueck
- Department
of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute
of Molecular Biosciences, University of
Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria,Field
of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria,BioTechMed
Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria,
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Department
of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 28, 8010 Graz, Austria,Field
of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria,BioTechMed
Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria,
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2
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Noguchi T, Daitoku H, Satoh S, Kawashima Y, Imai N. Biocatalytic hydrolysis of various anilides containing l-phenylalanine using Baker's yeast under starvation conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Choudhary D, Garg S, Kaur M, Sohal HS, Malhi DS, Kaur L, Verma M, Sharma A, Mutreja V. Advances in the Synthesis and Bio-Applications of Pyrazine Derivatives: A Review. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2092873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Choudhary
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Sonali Garg
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Manvinder Kaur
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Harvinder Singh Sohal
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Dharambeer Singh Malhi
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Loveleen Kaur
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Vishal Mutreja
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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4
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Biocatalytic hydrolysis of various esters using Baker’s yeast under neutral conditions without sucrose. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Velikogne S, Breukelaar WB, Hamm F, Glabonjat RA, Kroutil W. C=C-Ene-Reductases Reduce the C=N Bond of Oximes. ACS Catal 2020; 10:13377-13382. [PMID: 33251037 PMCID: PMC7685226 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although enzymes have been found for many reactions, there are still transformations for which no enzyme is known. For instance, not a single defined enzyme has been described for the reduction of the C=N bond of an oxime, only whole organisms. Such an enzymatic reduction of an oxime may give access to (chiral) amines. By serendipity, we found that the oxime moiety adjacent to a ketone as well as an ester group can be reduced by ene-reductases (ERs) to an intermediate amino group. ERs are well-known enzymes for the reduction of activated alkenes, as of α,β-unsaturated ketones. For the specific substrate used here, the amine intermediate spontaneously reacts further to tetrasubstituted pyrazines. This reduction reaction represents an unexpected promiscuous activity of ERs expanding the toolkit of transformations using enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Velikogne
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Willem B. Breukelaar
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Hamm
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ronald A. Glabonjat
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field
of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed
Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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6
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Liu C, Zhao J, Qiao Y, Huang W, Rao Z, Gu Y. Selective synthesis of oxazoles and pyrazines from α-bromo-1-phenylethanone using a by-product-promoted strategy. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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7
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Zirak
- Department
of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
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8
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Ganji P, van Leeuwen PWNM. Phosphine Supported Ruthenium Nanoparticle Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Pyrazines and Imidazoles from α-Diketones. J Org Chem 2017; 82:1768-1774. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b03032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Ganji
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Piet W. N. M. van Leeuwen
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Laboratoire
de Physique et Chimie des Nano Objets, LPCNO, UMR5215 INSA-UPSCNRS, Université de Toulouse, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
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