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Towards rapid and sustainable synthesis of biodiesel: A review of effective parameters and scale-up potential of intensification technologies for enzymatic biodiesel production. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wafti NSA, Yunus R, Lau HLN, Yaw TCS, Aziz SA. Immobilized lipase-catalyzed transesterification for synthesis of biolubricant from palm oil methyl ester and trimethylolpropane. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:2429-2444. [PMID: 34269888 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the effects of three commercial immobilized lipases namely Novozyme 435 from Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), Lipozyme TL IM from Thermomyces lanuginosus and Lipozyme RM IM from Rhizomucor miehei on the production of trimethylolpropane (TMP) ester from high oleic palm methyl ester (HO-PME) and TMP. The TMP ester is a promising base oil for biolubricants that are easily biodegradable and non-toxic to humans and the environment. Enzymatic catalysts are insensitive to free fatty acid (FFA) content, hence able to mitigate the side reactions and consequently reduce product separation cost. The potential of these enzymes to produce TMP ester in a solvent-free medium was screened at various reaction time (8, 23, 30 and 48 h), operating pressure (0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 mbar) and enzyme dosage (1, 3, 5 and 10% w/w). The reaction was conducted at a constant temperature of 70 °C and a molar ratio of 3.9:1 (HO-PME: TMP). Novozyme 435 produced the highest yield of TMP ester of 95.68 ± 3.60% under the following conditions: 23 h reaction time, 0.1 mbar operating pressure and 5% w/w of enzyme dosage. The key lubrication properties of the produced TMP ester are viscosity index (208 ± 2), pour point (- 30 ± - 2 °C), cloud point (- 15 ± - 2 °C), onset thermal degradation temperature (427.8 °C), and oxidation stability, RPVOT (42 ± 4 min). The properties of the TMP ester produced from the enzymatic transesterification are comparable to other vegetable oil-based biolubricants produced by chemical transesterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Sulihatimarsyila Abd Wafti
- Energy and Environment Unit, Engineering and Processing Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Robiah Yunus
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. .,Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Harrison Lik Nang Lau
- Energy and Environment Unit, Engineering and Processing Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6, Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thomas Choong Shean Yaw
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suraini Abdul Aziz
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hommes A, de Wit T, Euverink GJW, Yue J. Enzymatic Biodiesel Synthesis by the Biphasic Esterification of Oleic Acid and 1-Butanol in Microreactors. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hadadi M, Habibi A. Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on functionalized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a sustainable catalyst for production of natural epoxides. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mashhadi F, Habibi A, Varmira K. Determination of Activation Energy and Ping-Pong Kinetic Model Constants of Enzyme-Catalyzed Self-Epoxidation of Free Fatty Acids using Micro-reactor. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Aghel B, Mohadesi M, Sahraei S. Effect of Different Cosolvents on Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil in a Microreactor. Chem Eng Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201700025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Babak Aghel
- Kermanshah University of Technology; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Energy; Imam Khomeini Highway, P.O. Box: 67178-63766 Kermanshah Iran
| | - Majid Mohadesi
- Kermanshah University of Technology; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Energy; Imam Khomeini Highway, P.O. Box: 67178-63766 Kermanshah Iran
| | - Sasan Sahraei
- Kermanshah University of Technology; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Energy; Imam Khomeini Highway, P.O. Box: 67178-63766 Kermanshah Iran
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