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Wang Y, Xing J, Liang Y, Liang H, Liang N, Li J, Yin G, Li X, Zhang K. The structure and function of multifunctional protein ErbB3 binding protein 1 (Ebp1) and its role in diseases. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:1069-1079. [PMID: 38884348 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
ErbB3-binding protein 1(Ebp1) has two isoforms, p42 Ebp1 and p48 Ebp1, both of which can regulate cell growth and differentiation. But these isoforms often have opposite effects, including contradictory roles in regulation of cell growth in different tissues and cells. P48 Ebp1 belongs to the full-length sequence, while conformational changes in the crystal structure of p42 Ebp1 reveals a lack of an α helix at the amino terminus. Due to the differences in the structures of these two isoforms, they have different binding partners and protein modifications. Ebp1 can function as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor factor. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these two isoforms exert opposite functions are still not fully understood. In this review, we summarize the genes and the structures of protein of these two isoforms, protein modifications, binding partners and the association of different isoforms with diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianxiao Xing
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanyang Liang
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Nannan Liang
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Junqin Li
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guohua Yin
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- ShanXi Key Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, State Key Breeding Laboratory of Stem Cells for Immunological Dermatosis, Institute of Dermatology, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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2
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Taha MS, Ahmadian MR. Nucleophosmin: A Nucleolar Phosphoprotein Orchestrating Cellular Stress Responses. Cells 2024; 13:1266. [PMID: 39120297 PMCID: PMC11312075 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a key nucleolar protein released from the nucleolus in response to stress stimuli. NPM1 functions as a stress regulator with nucleic acid and protein chaperone activities, rapidly shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm. NPM1 is ubiquitously expressed in tissues and can be found in the nucleolus, nucleoplasm, cytoplasm, and extracellular environment. It plays a central role in various biological processes such as ribosome biogenesis, cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, DNA damage repair, and apoptosis. In addition, it is highly expressed in cancer cells and solid tumors, and its mutation is a major cause of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This review focuses on NPM1's structural features, functional diversity, subcellular distribution, and role in stress modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Taha
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Research on Children with Special Needs Department, Institute of Medical Research and Clinical Studies, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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3
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Nowak N, Sas-Nowosielska H, Szymański J. Nuclear Rac1 controls nuclear architecture and cell migration of glioma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130632. [PMID: 38677529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) protein has been found in the cell nucleus many years ago, however, its nuclear functions are still poorly characterized but some data suggest its nuclear accumulation in cancers. We investigated nuclear Rac1 in glioma cancer cells nuclei and compared its levels and activity to normal astrocytes, and also characterized the studied cells on various nuclear properties and cell migration patterns. Nuclear Rac1 indeed was found accumulated in glioma cells, but only a small percentage of the protein was in active, GTP-bound state in comparison to healthy control. Altering the nuclear activity of Rac1 influenced chromatin architecture and cell motility in GTP-dependent and independent manner. This suggests that the landscape of Rac1 nuclear interactions might be as complicated and wide as its well-known, non-nuclear signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nowak
- Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Nencki Insitute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hanna Sas-Nowosielska
- Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Nencki Insitute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Epigenetics, Department of Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jędrzej Szymański
- Laboratory of Imaging Tissue Structure and Function, Nencki Insitute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
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4
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Chi ES, Stivison EA, Blind RD. SF-1 Induces Nuclear PIP2. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1509. [PMID: 37892191 PMCID: PMC10604688 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metazoan cell nuclei contain non-membrane pools of the phosphoinositide lipid PI(4,5)P2 (PIP2), but how this hydrophobic lipid exists within the aqueous nucleoplasm remains unclear. Steroidogenic Factor-1 (NR5A1, SF-1) is a nuclear receptor that binds PIP2 in vitro, and a co-crystal structure of the complex suggests the acyl chains of PIP2 are hidden in the hydrophobic core of the SF-1 protein while the PIP2 headgroup is solvent-exposed. This binding mode explains how SF-1 can solubilize nuclear PIP2; however, cellular evidence that SF-1 expression associates with nuclear PIP2 has been lacking. Here, we examined if tetracycline induction of SF-1 expression would associate with nuclear accumulation of PIP2, using antibodies directed against the PIP2 headgroup. Indeed, tetracycline induction of wild-type SF-1 induced a signal in the nucleus of HEK cells that cross-reacts with PIP2 antibodies, but did not cross-react with antibodies against the lower abundance phosphoinositide PI(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3). The nuclear PIP2 signal co-localized with FLAG-tagged SF-1 in the nuclear compartment. To determine if the nuclear PIP2 signal was dependent on the ability of SF-1 to bind PIP2, we examined a "pocket mutant" of SF-1 (A270W, L345F) shown to be deficient in phospholipid binding by mass spectrometry. Tetracycline induction of this pocket mutant SF-1 in HEK cells failed to induce a detectable PIP2 antibody cross-reactive signal, despite similar Tet-induced expression levels of the wild-type and pocket mutant SF-1 proteins in these cells. Together, these data are the first to suggest that expression of SF-1 induces a PIP2 antibody cross-reactive signal in the nucleus, consistent with X-ray crystallographic and biochemical evidence suggesting SF-1 binds PIP2 in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raymond D. Blind
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Palmieri M, Catimel B, Mouradov D, Sakthianandeswaren A, Kapp E, Ang CS, Williamson NA, Nowell CJ, Christie M, Desai J, Gibbs P, Burgess AW, Sieber OM. PI3K-alpha translocation mediates nuclear PtdIns(3,4,5)P 3 effector signaling in colorectal cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100529. [PMID: 36931626 PMCID: PMC10130476 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical view of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha (PI3Kα) signaling describes PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 generation and activation of downstream effectors at the plasma membrane or at microtubule-bound endosomes. Here, we show that colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines exhibit a diverse plasma membrane-nuclear distribution of PI3Kα, controlling corresponding levels of subcellular PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 pools. PI3Kα nuclear translocation was mediated by the importin β-dependent nuclear import pathway. By PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 affinity capture mass spectrometry done in the presence of SDS on CRC cell lines with PI3Kα nuclear localization, we identified 867 potential nuclear PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 effector proteins. Nuclear PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 interactome proteins were characterized by non-canonical PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binding domains and showed overrepresentation for nuclear membrane, nucleolus and nuclear speckles. The nuclear PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 interactome was enriched for proteins related to RNA metabolism, with splicing reporter assays and SC-35 foci staining suggesting a role of EGF-stimulated nuclear PI3Kα signaling in modulating pre-mRNA splicing. In patient tumors, nuclear p110α staining was associated with lower T stage and mucinous histology. These results indicate that PI3Kα translocation mediates nuclear PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 effector signaling in human CRC, modulating signaling responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Palmieri
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Bruno Catimel
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Dmitri Mouradov
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Anuratha Sakthianandeswaren
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Eugene Kapp
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Ching-Seng Ang
- Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Williamson
- Bio21 Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Cameron J Nowell
- Monash Institute for Pharmaceutical Science, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Michael Christie
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Pathology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Peter Gibbs
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Western Health, Footscray, Victoria, 3011, Australia
| | - Antony W Burgess
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
| | - Oliver M Sieber
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia; Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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Castro-Cruz A, Echeverría OM, Juárez-Chavero S, Sánchez-Sánchez L, Torres-Ramírez N, Vázquez-Nin GH, Muñoz-Velasco I, Escobar ML. Transcriptional activity and splicing factors are preserved during physiological apoptosis. J Struct Biol 2022; 214:107884. [PMID: 35908727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is the best-known programmed cell death that maintains tissue homeostasis in eukaryotic cells. The morphological characteristics include nuclear and cytoplasmic contraction and cytoplasmic blebbing, its biochemical hallmarks include caspase protease activity and DNA fragmentation. In rat ovaries, cell death is a normal process that occurs throughout the organism's life. Granulosa cells, the more abundant cell type forming the ovarian follicles, are eliminated via different routes of cell death. Most granulosa cells are eliminated through apoptotic cell death. In this work, we analyzed the behavior of nuclear components throughout the apoptotic process and determined how they are regionalized and conserved during follicular atresia in rat ovaries. Apoptosis was detected based on caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation using the TUNEL technique. We identified the transcription markers H3ac and RNA Pol II, and splicing factor SC35 by immunodetection. The nucleolar components were analyzed via light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy through immunodetection of the proteins nucleolin and nucleophosmin-1. The nuclear ultrastructure was analyzed using standard contrast and preferential ribonucleoprotein contrast. Our results demonstrate that during the progression of apoptosis, chromatin is remodeled to constitute apoptotic bodies; transcription and spliceosome elements are reorganized along with the nucleolar components. Additionally, the splicing and transcription factors are segregated into specific territories inside the apoptotic bodies, suggesting that transcriptional elements are reorganized during the apoptotic process. Our results indicate that apoptotic bodies not only are compacted, and chromatin degraded but all the nuclear components are progressively reorganized during cell elimination; moreover, the transcriptional components are preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Castro-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Depto. Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - O M Echeverría
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Depto. Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - S Juárez-Chavero
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Depto. Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - L Sánchez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Lab. 6, 2do piso, Ejercito de Oriente, Iztapalapa, 09230 México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - N Torres-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Depto. Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - G H Vázquez-Nin
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Depto. Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - I Muñoz-Velasco
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Depto. Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - M L Escobar
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Depto. Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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7
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Xu SX, Han YW, Guo JL, Bian XK, Hu HM, Lee SC. The binding between NPM and H2B proteins signals for the diabetes-associated centrosome amplification. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:516-525. [PMID: 35678289 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes not only increases the risk for cancer but also promotes cancer metastasis. Centrosome amplification (CA) is sufficient to initiate tumorigenesis and can enhance the invasion potential of cancer cells. We have reported that diabetes can induce CA, with diabetic pathophysiological factors as the triggers, which involves the signaling of nucleophosmin (NPM). Thus, CA can serve as a candidate biological link between diabetes and cancer. In the present study, we attempted to identify the NPM binding partners and investigated whether the binding between NPM and its partner mediated the CA. We confirmed that high glucose, insulin, and palmitic acid cancer could elicit CA in the HCT16 colon cancer cells and found that the experimental treatment increased the binding between NPM and H2B, but not between p-NPM and H2B. The molecular docking analysis supported the fact that NPM and H2B could bind to each other through various amino acid residues. The treatment also increased the colocalization of NPM and H2B in the cytosol. Importantly, disruption of the NPM1-H2B complex by individual knockdown of the protein level of NPM or H2B led to the inhibition of the treatment-evoked CA. In conclusion, our results suggest that the binding between NPM and H2B proteins signals for the CA by high glucose, insulin, and palmitic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si X Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya W Han
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Li Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue K Bian
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong M Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shao C Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Science, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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8
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Hwang I, Kim BS, Ko HR, Cho S, Lee HY, Cho SW, Ryu D, Shim S, Ahn JY. Cerebellar dysfunction and schizophrenia-like behavior in Ebp1-deficient mice. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2030-2041. [PMID: 35165395 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar deficits with Purkinje cell (PCs) loss are observed in several neurologic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms as to how the cerebellum is affected during development remain unclear. Here we demonstrated that specific inactivation of murine Ebp1 in the central nervous system causes a profound neuropathology characterized by reduced cerebellar volume and PCs loss with abnormal dendritic development, leading to phenotypes including motor defects and schizophrenia (SZ)-like behaviors. Loss of Ebp1 leads to untimely gene expression of Fbxw7, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, resulting in aberrant protein degradation of PTF1A, thereby eliciting cerebellar defects. Reinstatement of Ebp1, but not the Ebp1-E183Ter mutant found in SZ patients, reconstituted cerebellar architecture with increased PCs numbers and improved behavioral phenotypes. Thus, our findings indicate a crucial role for EBP1 in cerebellar development, and define a molecular basis for the cerebellar contribution to neurologic disorders such as SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inwoo Hwang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Seong Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea.,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyo Rim Ko
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Seongbong Cho
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Ho Yun Lee
- Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Sungbo Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Jee-Yin Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea. .,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea. .,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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9
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Unconventional metabolites in chromatin regulation. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230604. [PMID: 34988581 PMCID: PMC8777195 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin, the complex of DNA and histone proteins, serves as a main integrator of cellular signals. Increasing evidence links cellular functional to chromatin state. Indeed, different metabolites are emerging as modulators of chromatin function and structure. Alterations in chromatin state are decisive for regulating all aspects of genome function and ultimately have the potential to produce phenotypic changes. Several metabolites such as acetyl-CoA, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) have now been well characterized as main substrates or cofactors of chromatin-modifying enzymes. However, there are other metabolites that can directly interact with chromatin influencing its state or that modulate the properties of chromatin regulatory factors. Also, there is a growing list of atypical enzymatic and nonenzymatic chromatin modifications that originate from different cellular pathways that have not been in the limelight of chromatin research. Here, we summarize different properties and functions of uncommon regulatory molecules originating from intermediate metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and amino acids. Based on the various modes of action on chromatin and the plethora of putative, so far not described chromatin-regulating metabolites, we propose that there are more links between cellular functional state and chromatin regulation to be discovered. We hypothesize that these connections could provide interesting starting points for interfering with cellular epigenetic states at a molecular level.
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10
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Genetic basis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML): The most common molecular changes in patients with normal karyotype. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2022-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal disorder that results from errors in proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells from myeloid lineage. According to the Gilliland “two-hit” model, genes of both groups related to proliferation (e.g., FLT3) and differentiation (e.g., CEBPA) must be mutated for full development of AML. The genetic background of AML is very complicated and varied, from single nucleotide mutations or changes in gene expression to cytogenetic aberrations. The DNA sequencing results enable identification of important gene alterations that occur first and may lead the whole leukemogenesis (driver mutations). Some of them have prognostic significance – that is, they are related to the overall survival (OS), complete remission rate, and event-free survival (EFS). The most common molecular changes in AML are mutations in NPM1, CEBPA, FLT3, and DNMT3A. Alterations in NPM1 gene are associated with a good prognosis but simultaneous mutation in FLT3 may change this prognosis. DNMT3A mutations are very often correlated with NPM1 mutations and are associated with short OS.
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11
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Morovicz AP, Mazloumi Gavgani F, Jacobsen RG, Skuseth Slinning M, Turcu DC, Lewis AE. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling in the nucleolus. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 83:100843. [PMID: 34920983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway plays key roles in many cellular processes and is altered in many diseases. The function and mode of action of the pathway have mostly been elucidated in the cytoplasm. However, many of the components of the PI3K pathway are also present in the nucleus at specific sub-nuclear sites including nuclear speckles, nuclear lipid islets and the nucleolus. Nucleoli are membrane-less subnuclear structures where ribosome biogenesis occurs. Processes leading to ribosome biogenesis are tightly regulated to maintain protein translation capacity of cells. This review focuses on nucleolar PI3K signalling and how it regulates rRNA synthesis, as well as on the identification of downstream phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)trisphosphate effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rhîan G Jacobsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Diana C Turcu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aurélia E Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway.
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Aagab acts as a novel regulator of NEDD4-1-mediated Pten nuclear translocation to promote neurological recovery following hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:2367-2384. [PMID: 33712741 PMCID: PMC8328997 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a main cause of mortality and severe neurologic impairment in the perinatal and neonatal period. However, few satisfactory therapeutic strategies are available. Here, we reported that a rapid nuclear translocation of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome TEN (PTEN) is an essential step in hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD)- and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neuronal injures both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, we found that OGD-induced nuclear translocation of PTEN is dependent on PTEN mono-ubiquitination at the lysine 13 residue (K13) that is mediated by neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4-1 (NEDD4-1). Importantly, we for the first time identified α- and γ-adaptin binding protein (Aagab) as a novel NEDD4-1 regulator to regulate the level of NEDD4-1, subsequently mediating Pten nuclear translocation. Finally, we demonstrated that genetic upregulation of Aagab or application of Tat-K13 peptide (a short interference peptide that flanks K13 residue of PTEN) not only reduced Pten nuclear translocation, but also significantly alleviated the deficits of myodynamia, motor and spatial learning and memory in HIBD model rats. These results suggest that Aagab may serve as a regulator of NEDD4-1-mediated Pten nuclear translocation to promote functional recovery following HIBD in neonatal rats, and provide a new potential therapeutic target to guide the clinical treatment for HIE.
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13
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Nuclear Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate Interactome Uncovers an Enrichment in Nucleolar Proteins. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100102. [PMID: 34048982 PMCID: PMC8255942 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphoinositides (PPIns) play essential roles as lipid signaling molecules, and many of their functions have been elucidated in the cytoplasm. However, PPIns are also intranuclear where they contribute to chromatin remodeling, transcription, and mRNA splicing. The PPIn, phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3), has been mapped to the nucleus and nucleoli, but its role remains unclear in this subcellular compartment. To gain further insights into the nuclear functions of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3, we applied a previously developed quantitative MS-based approach to identify the targets of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 from isolated nuclei. We identified 179 potential PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-interacting partners, and gene ontology analysis for the biological functions of this dataset revealed an enrichment in RNA processing/splicing, cytokinesis, protein folding, and DNA repair. Interestingly, about half of these interactors were common to nucleolar protein datasets, some of which had dual functions in rRNA processes and DNA repair, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1, now referred as ADP-ribosyltransferase 1). PARP1 was found to interact directly with PPIn via three polybasic regions in the DNA-binding domain and the linker located N-terminal of the catalytic region. PARP1 was shown to bind to PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 as well as phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate in vitro and to colocalize with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in the nucleolus and with phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate in nucleoplasmic foci. In conclusion, the PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 interactome reported here will serve as a resource to further investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying PtdIns(3,4,5)P3-mediated interactions in the nucleus and nucleolus. Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) localizes to nucleoli. PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 interactomics from isolated nuclei identifies nucleolar proteins. PARP1 interacts directly with polyphosphoinositides via several polybasic regions. PARP1 colocalizes with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in the nucleolus.
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14
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Yu ACY, Chern YJ, Zhang P, Pasiliao CC, Rahman M, Chang G, Ren J, Tai IT. Inhibition of nucleophosmin 1 suppresses colorectal cancer tumor growth of patient -derived xenografts via activation of p53 and inhibition of AKT. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 22:112-123. [PMID: 33446037 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1839278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) protein is frequently overexpressed in various cancers compared to normal tissues and represents a potential biomarker for maliganancy. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still not fully understood. In this report, we show that NPM1 levels in CRC correlate with prognosis and sensitivity to chemotherapy. NPM1 expression was found to be significantly increased in CRC tumors (P < .001) and was associated with poor overall 5-year survival (P < .05). For individuals with Stage IV disease, this represented a reduction in survival by 11 months (P < .01; HR = 0.38, CI [0.21, 0.69]. In vitro, we show that NPM1 gene silencing enhanced the chemosensitivity of CRC cells and that pharmacological inhibition of NPM1 by NSC348884 triggered the onset of programmed cell death. Our immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblot analyses also revealed that blocking NPM1 function sensitized CRC cells to chemotherapy-induced apoptosis through a mechanism that involves proteins in the AKT pathway. Consistent with the in vitro data, our patient-derived CRC xenograft model showed that inhibition of NPM1 suppressed tumor growth and attenuated AKT signaling in vivo. Moreover, LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway, restored the chemosensitivity of CRC cells expressing high levels of NPM1. The findings that NPM1's expression in CRC tissue correlates with prognosis and supports anti-apoptotic activity mediated by AKT signaling, further our understanding of the role of NPM1 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel C Y Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi-Jye Chern
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Peter Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Clarissa C Pasiliao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mahbuba Rahman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - George Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jianhua Ren
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Isabella T Tai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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15
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Abstract
Mouse models of human myeloid malignancies support the detailed and focused investigation of selected driver mutations and represent powerful tools in the study of these diseases. Carefully developed murine models can closely recapitulate human myeloid malignancies in vivo, enabling the interrogation of a number of aspects of these diseases including their preclinical course, interactions with the microenvironment, effects of pharmacological agents, and the role of non-cell-autonomous factors, as well as the synergy between co-occurring mutations. Importantly, advances in gene-editing technologies, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, have opened new avenues for the development and study of genetically modified mice and also enable the direct modification of mouse and human hematopoietic cells. In this review we provide a concise overview of some of the important mouse models that have advanced our understanding of myeloid leukemogenesis with an emphasis on models relevant to clonal hematopoiesis, myelodysplastic syndromes, and acute myeloid leukemia with a normal karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Basheer
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - George Vassiliou
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, United Kingdom
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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The roles of multifunctional protein ErbB3 binding protein 1 (EBP1) isoforms from development to disease. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1039-1047. [PMID: 32719408 PMCID: PMC8080562 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0476-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of the two isoforms of ErbB3-binding protein 1 (Ebp1) in cellular function and its regulation in disease and development is a stimulating area in current fields of biology, such as neuroscience, cancer biology, and structural biology. Over the last two decades, a growing body of studies suggests have suggested different functions for the EBP1 isoforms in various cancers, along with their specific binding partners in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Owing to the specific cellular context or spatial/temporal expression of the EBP1 isoforms, either transcriptional repression or the activation function of EBP1 has been proposed, and epigenetic regulation by p48 EBP1 has also been observed during in the embryo development, including in brain development and neurologic disorders, such as schizophrenia, in using an Ebp1 knockout mouse model. Here, we review recent findings that have shaped our current understanding of the emerging function of EBP1 isoforms in cellular events and gene expression, from development to disease. A pair of proteins that originate from a common gene exert strikingly different effects on embryonic development as well as tumor growth and progression. RNA transcripts generated from the PA2G4 gene can undergo enzymatic processing to yield two different protein products, p42 EB1 and p48 EB1. These proteins differ by the presence or absence of 54 amino acids at one end, and Jee-Yin Ahn at the Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea, and colleagues have reviewed current insights into the functional consequences of this difference. The two proteins bind to distinct sets of molecular partners. The p48 form appears to regulate a host of genes involved in brain development, but also appears to drive cancerous growth in various tumors. In contrast, p42 is scarcer during development, and appears to inhibit tumor formation.
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17
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Yudushkin I. Control of Akt activity and substrate phosphorylation in cells. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1115-1125. [PMID: 32125765 PMCID: PMC7317883 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase B/Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that links receptors coupled to the PI3K lipid kinase to cellular anabolic pathways. Its activity in cells is controlled by reversible phosphorylation and an intramolecular lipid-controlled allosteric switch. In this review, I outline the current progress in understanding Akt regulatory mechanisms, define three models of Akt activation in cells, and highlight how intramolecular allosterism cooperates with cell-autonomous mechanisms to control Akt localization and activity and direct it toward specific sets of substrates in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Yudushkin
- Department of Structural and Computational BiologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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18
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Nuclear Inositides and Inositide-Dependent Signaling Pathways in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030697. [PMID: 32178280 PMCID: PMC7140618 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies characterized by peripheral blood cytopenia and abnormal myeloproliferation, as well as a variable risk of evolution into acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The nucleus is a highly organized organelle with several distinct domains where nuclear inositides localize to mediate essential cellular events. Nuclear inositides play a critical role in the modulation of erythropoiesis or myelopoiesis. Here, we briefly review the nuclear structure, the localization of inositides and their metabolic enzymes in subnuclear compartments, and the molecular aspects of nuclear inositides in MDS.
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19
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Chen M, Wen T, Horn HT, Chandrahas VK, Thapa N, Choi S, Cryns VL, Anderson RA. The nuclear phosphoinositide response to stress. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:268-289. [PMID: 31902273 PMCID: PMC7028212 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1711316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence reveals that nuclear phosphoinositides (PIs) serve as central signaling hubs that control a multitude of nuclear processes by regulating the activity of nuclear proteins. In response to cellular stressors, PIs accumulate in the nucleus and multiple PI isomers are synthesized by the actions of PI-metabolizing enzymes, kinases, phosphatases and phospholipases. By directly interacting with effector proteins, phosphoinositide signals transduce changes in cellular functions. Here we describe nuclear phosphoinositide signaling in multiple sub-nuclear compartments and summarize the literature that demonstrates roles for specific kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases in the orchestration of nuclear phosphoinositide signaling in response to cellular stress. Additionally, we discuss the specific PI-protein complexes through which these lipids execute their functions by regulating the configuration, stability, and transcription activity of their effector proteins. Overall, our review provides a detailed landscape of the current understanding of the nuclear PI-protein interactome and its role in shaping the coordinated response to cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Chen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tianmu Wen
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hudson T. Horn
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Narendra Thapa
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suyong Choi
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Vincent L. Cryns
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard A. Anderson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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20
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Nuclear Phosphoinositides-Versatile Regulators of Genome Functions. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070649. [PMID: 31261688 PMCID: PMC6678639 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The many functions of phosphoinositides in cytosolic signaling were extensively studied; however, their activities in the cell nucleus are much less clear. In this review, we summarize data about their nuclear localization and metabolism, and review the available literature on their involvements in chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, and RNA processing. We discuss the molecular mechanisms via which nuclear phosphoinositides, in particular phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2), modulate nuclear processes. We focus on PI(4,5)P2’s role in the modulation of RNA polymerase I activity, and functions of the nuclear lipid islets—recently described nucleoplasmic PI(4,5)P2-rich compartment involved in RNA polymerase II transcription. In conclusion, the high impact of the phosphoinositide–protein complexes on nuclear organization and genome functions is only now emerging and deserves further thorough studies.
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21
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Polyphosphoinositides in the nucleus: Roadmap of their effectors and mechanisms of interaction. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 72:7-21. [PMID: 31003946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular interactions between proteins and polyphosphoinositides (PPIn) are essential in the regulation of the vast majority of cellular processes. Consequently, alteration of these interactions is implicated in the development of many diseases. PPIn are phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol and consist of seven species with different phosphate combinations. PPIn signal by recruiting proteins via canonical domains or short polybasic motifs. Although their actions are predominantly documented on cytoplasmic membranes, six of the seven PPIn are present within the nucleus together with the PPIn kinases, phosphatases and phospholipases that regulate their turnover. Importantly, the contribution of nuclear PPIn in the regulation of nuclear processes has led to an increased recognition of their importance compared to their more accepted cytoplasmic roles. This review summarises our knowledge on the identification and functional characterisation of nuclear PPIn-effector proteins as well as their mode of interactions, which tend to favour polybasic motifs.
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Yun T, Ko HR, Ahn J, Jin EJ, Jo JM, Kwon IS, Cho SW, Chang YS, Park WS, Ahn JY. B23/Nucleophosmin promotes reconstitution of synaptic path in hippocampus after injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 508:1082-1087. [PMID: 30553452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
B23, also known as nucleophosmin (NPM), is multifunctional protein directly implicated in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cell survival. In the current study, in addition to confirming its anti-apoptotic function in neuronal survival, we demonstrated that the spatial-temporal expression profile of B23 during development of hippocampal neurons is high in the embryonic stage, down-regulated after birth, and preferentially localized at the tips of growing neuritis and branching points. Overexpression of B23 promotes axon growth with abundant branching points in growing hippocampal neurons, but depletion of B23 impairs axon growth, leading to neuronal death. Following injury to the trisynaptic path in hippocampal slice, overexpression of B23 remarkably increased the number and length of regenerative fibers in the mossy fiber path. Our study suggests that B23 expression in developing neurons is essential for neuritogenesis and axon growth and that up-regulation of B23 may be a strategy for enhancing the reconstitution of synaptic paths after injury to hippocampal synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegwan Yun
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyo Rim Ko
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Jin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Jung Min Jo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Il-Sun Kwon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Yun Sil Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Won Soon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, and Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea; Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
| | - Jee-Yin Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16419, South Korea; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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23
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Brunetti L, Gundry MC, Goodell MA. New insights into the biology of acute myeloid leukemia with mutated NPM1. Int J Hematol 2019; 110:150-160. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-02578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zeng D, Xiao Y, Zhu J, Peng C, Liang W, Lin H. Knockdown of nucleophosmin 1 suppresses proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer cells through activating CDH1/Skp2/p27kip1 pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 11:143-156. [PMID: 30613163 PMCID: PMC6306051 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s191176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background NPM1 is a multifunctional phosphoprotein that commutes between the cytoplasm and nucleus in cell cycle process, which appears to be actively involved in tumorigenesis. Herein, we sought to investigate the possible role and prognostic value of NPM1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods An array of public databases, including bc-GenExMiner v4.0, GOBO, GEPIA, UAL-CAN, ONCOMINE database and Kaplan-Meier plotter, were used to investigate the expression feature and potential function of NPM1 in TNBC. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, proliferation and colony formation, flow cytometry and western-blotting assays were used to analyze and verify the function and relevant mechanism of NPM1 in TNBC tissues and cells. Results According to analysis from bc-GenExMiner, the expression level of NPM1 was significantly higher in basal-like subtypes than luminal-A, HER-2 or normal-like subtypes of breast cancer (P<0.0001). GOBO database analysis indicated that the expression of NPM1 in basal-A or basal-B was significantly higher than luminal-like breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry assay in 52 TNBC tissue samples showed that positive expression of Ki-67 was 93.5% in the high-NPM1-expression group and 66.7% in the low-NPM1-expression group, respectively (P=0.032). Proliferation and colony formation assays demonstrated that inhibition of NPM1 suppressed cell growth by approximately 2-fold and reduced the number of colonies by 3-4-fold in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells. Moreover, inhibition of NPM1 in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells increased the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase and decreased the percentage of cells at both S and G2/M phase, as compared with control counterparts. Western-blotting results showed that down-regulation of NPM1 could elevate CDH1 and p27kip1 expression, while decrease Skp2 expression both in MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells. In addition, high mRNA expression of NPM1 correlated with shorter RFS (HR=1.64, P=0.00013) and OS (HR=2.45, P=0.00034) in patients with TNBC. Conclusions NPM1 is significantly high expressed basal-like/triple-negative breast cancer and is correlated with shorter RFS and OS in this subset of patients. Knockdown of NPM1 impairs the proliferative capacity of TNBC cells via activation of the CDH1/Skp2/p27kip1 pathway. Targeting NPM1 is a potential therapeutic strategy against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China,
| | - Yingsheng Xiao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou 515000, China
| | - Jianling Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China
| | - Chunyan Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei 442008, China
| | - Weiquan Liang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China,
| | - Haoyu Lin
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China,
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25
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Bryant JM, Blind RD. Signaling through non-membrane nuclear phosphoinositide binding proteins in human health and disease. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:299-311. [PMID: 30201631 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r088518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide membrane signaling is critical for normal physiology, playing well-known roles in diverse human pathologies. The basic mechanisms governing phosphoinositide signaling within the nucleus, however, have remained deeply enigmatic owing to their presence outside the nuclear membranes. Over 40% of nuclear phosphoinositides can exist in this non-membrane state, held soluble in the nucleoplasm by nuclear proteins that remain largely unidentified. Recently, two nuclear proteins responsible for solubilizing phosphoinositides were identified, steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1; NR5A1) and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1; NR5A2), along with two enzymes that directly remodel these phosphoinositide/protein complexes, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN; MMAC) and inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK; ipk2). These new footholds now permit the assignment of physiological functions for nuclear phosphoinositides in human diseases, such as endometriosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis, glioblastoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The unique nature of nuclear phosphoinositide signaling affords extraordinary clinical opportunities for new biomarkers, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Thus, phosphoinositide biology within the nucleus may represent the next generation of low-hanging fruit for new drugs, not unlike what has occurred for membrane phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase drug development. This review connects recent basic science discoveries in nuclear phosphoinositide signaling to clinical pathologies, with the hope of inspiring development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal M Bryant
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Raymond D Blind
- Departments of Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232
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26
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Liu H, Wang H, Zhu H, Zhang H, Liu S. Preliminary study of protein changes in trisomy 21 fetus by proteomics analysis in amniocyte. Prenat Diagn 2018; 38:435-444. [PMID: 29611199 DOI: 10.1002/pd.5259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University); Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University); Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - Hongmei Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University); Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University); Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
| | - Shanling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University); Ministry of Education; Chengdu China
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PIP2 epigenetically represses rRNA genes transcription interacting with PHF8. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:266-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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28
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Larsen BD, Sørensen CS. The caspase-activated DNase: apoptosis and beyond. FEBS J 2016; 284:1160-1170. [PMID: 27865056 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Organismal development and function requires multiple and accurate signal transduction pathways to ensure that proper balance between cell proliferation, differentiation, inactivation, and death is achieved. Cell death via apoptotic caspase signal transduction is extensively characterized and integral to this balance. Importantly, the view of apoptotic signal transduction has expanded over the previous decades. Subapoptotic caspase signaling has surfaced as mechanism that can promote the adoption of a range of cellular fates. An emerging mechanism of subapoptotic caspase signaling is the activation of the caspase-activated DNase (CAD) through controlled cleavage of the inhibitor of CAD (ICAD). CAD-induced DNA breaks incite a DNA damage response, frequently invoking p53 signaling, that transduces a change in cell fate. Cell differentiation and senescence are fates demonstrated to arise from CAD-induced DNA breaks. Furthermore, an apparent consequence of CAD activity is also emerging, as a potential source of oncogenic mutations. This review will discuss the mechanisms underlying CAD-induced DNA breaks and highlight how CAD activity promotes diverse cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Larsen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus S Sørensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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29
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Musinova YR, Lisitsyna OM, Sorokin DV, Arifulin EA, Smirnova TA, Zinovkin RA, Potashnikova DM, Vassetzky YS, Sheval EV. RNA-dependent disassembly of nuclear bodies. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:4509-4520. [PMID: 27875271 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.189142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear bodies are membraneless organelles that play important roles in genome functioning. A specific type of nuclear bodies known as interphase prenucleolar bodies (iPNBs) are formed in the nucleoplasm after hypotonic stress from partially disassembled nucleoli. iPNBs are then disassembled, and the nucleoli are reformed simultaneously. Here, we show that diffusion of B23 molecules (also known as nucleophosmin, NPM1) from iPNBs, but not fusion of iPNBs with the nucleoli, contributes to the transfer of B23 from iPNBs to the nucleoli. Maturation of pre-ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and the subsequent outflow of mature rRNAs from iPNBs led to the disassembly of iPNBs. We found that B23 transfer was dependent on the synthesis of pre-rRNA molecules in nucleoli; these pre-rRNA molecules interacted with B23 and led to its accumulation within nucleoli. The transfer of B23 between iPNBs and nucleoli was accomplished through a nucleoplasmic pool of B23, and increased nucleoplasmic B23 content retarded disassembly, whereas B23 depletion accelerated disassembly. Our results suggest that iPNB disassembly and nucleolus assembly might be coupled through RNA-dependent exchange of nucleolar proteins, creating a highly dynamic system with long-distance correlations between spatially distinct processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana R Musinova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.,LIA1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Olga M Lisitsyna
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Sorokin
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Botanická 68a, Brno 602 00, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Mathematical Methods of Image Processing, Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Eugene A Arifulin
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Tatiana A Smirnova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Roman A Zinovkin
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Daria M Potashnikova
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Yegor S Vassetzky
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.,LIA1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif 94805, France.,UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Institut de cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Eugene V Sheval
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia .,LIA1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif 94805, France
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30
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Crowder MK, Seacrist CD, Blind RD. Phospholipid regulation of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 63:6-14. [PMID: 27838257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors whose diverse biological functions are classically regulated by cholesterol-based small molecules. Over the past few decades, a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that phospholipids and other similar amphipathic molecules can also specifically bind and functionally regulate the activity of certain nuclear receptors, suggesting a critical role for these non-cholesterol-based molecules in transcriptional regulation. Phosphatidylcholines, phosphoinositides and sphingolipids are a few of the many phospholipid like molecules shown to quite specifically regulate nuclear receptors in mouse models, cell lines and in vitro. More recent evidence has also shown that certain nuclear receptors can "present" a bound phospholipid headgroup to key lipid signaling enzymes, which can then modify the phospholipid headgroup with very unique kinetic properties. Here, we review the broad array of phospholipid/nuclear receptor interactions, from the perspective of the chemical nature of the phospholipid, and the cellular abundance of the phospholipid. We also view the data in the light of well established paradigms for phospholipid mediated transcriptional regulation, as well as newer models of how phospholipids might effect transcription in the acute regulation of complex nuclear signaling pathways. Thus, this review provides novel insight into the new, non-membrane associated roles nuclear phospholipids play in regulating complex nuclear events, centered on the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Crowder
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Corey D Seacrist
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Raymond D Blind
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA.
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31
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Box JK, Paquet N, Adams MN, Boucher D, Bolderson E, O'Byrne KJ, Richard DJ. Nucleophosmin: from structure and function to disease development. BMC Mol Biol 2016; 17:19. [PMID: 27553022 PMCID: PMC4995807 DOI: 10.1186/s12867-016-0073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a critical cellular protein that has been implicated in a number of pathways including mRNA transport, chromatin remodeling, apoptosis and genome stability. NPM1 function is a critical requirement for normal cellular biology as is underlined in cancer where NPM1 is commonly overexpressed, mutated, rearranged and sporadically deleted. Consistent with a multifunctional role within the cell, NPM1 can function not only as a proto-oncogene but also as a tumor suppressor. The aim of this review is to look at the less well-described role of NPM1 in the DNA repair pathways as well as the role of NPM1 in the regulation of apoptosis and its mutation in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Box
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicolas Paquet
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Mark N Adams
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Didier Boucher
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Derek J Richard
- School of Biomedical Research, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation at the Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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32
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Pfister JA, D'Mello SR. Regulation of Neuronal Survival by Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) Is Dependent on Its Expression Level, Subcellular Localization, and Oligomerization Status. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20787-97. [PMID: 27510036 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.723015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
NPM1 (nucleophosmin 1) is a nucleolar phosphoprotein that regulates many cellular processes, including ribosome biogenesis, proliferation, and genomic integrity. Although its role in proliferating cell types and tissues has been extensively investigated, little is known about its function in neurons and in the brain where it is highly expressed. We report that NPM1 protein expression is increased selectively in the striatum in both the R6/2 transgenic and 3-nitropropionic acid-injected mouse models of Huntington's disease. Examination of the effect of ectopic expression on cultured neurons revealed that increasing NPM1 is toxic to otherwise healthy cerebellar granule and cortical neurons. Toxicity is dependent on its cytoplasmic localization and oligomerization status. Forced retention of NPM1 in the nucleus, as well as inhibiting its ability to oligomerize, not only neutralizes NPM1 toxicity but also renders it protective against apoptosis. Although not blocked by pharmacological inhibition of the pro-apoptotic molecules, JNK, glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, or caspases, toxicity is blocked by compounds targeting cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), as well as by dominant-negative forms of CDK1 and CDK2 and the pan-CDK inhibitor, p21(Cip1/Waf1) Although induced in in vivo Huntington's disease models, NPM1 protein levels are unchanged in cultured cerebellar granule and cortical neurons induced to die by low potassium or homocysteic acid treatment, respectively. Moreover, and counterintuitively, knockdown of its expression or inhibition of endogenous NPM1 oligomerization in these cultured neurons is toxic. Taken together, our study suggests that although neurons need NPM1 for survival, an increase in its expression beyond physiological levels and its translocation to the cytoplasm leads to death through abortive cell cycle induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Pfister
- From the Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080 and
| | - Santosh R D'Mello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275
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33
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A polybasic motif in ErbB3-binding protein 1 (EBP1) has key functions in nucleolar localization and polyphosphoinositide interaction. Biochem J 2016; 473:2033-47. [PMID: 27118868 PMCID: PMC4941749 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We reveal the identification of a polybasic motif necessary for polyphosphoinositide interaction and nucleolar targeting of ErbB3 binding protein 1 (EBP1). EBP1 interacts directly with phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-triphosphate and their association is detected in the nucleolus, implying regulatory roles of nucleolar processes. Polyphosphoinositides (PPIns) are present in the nucleus where they participate in crucial nuclear processes, such as chromatin remodelling, transcription and mRNA processing. In a previous interactomics study, aimed to gain further insight into nuclear PPIns functions, we identified ErbB3 binding protein 1 (EBP1) as a potential nuclear PPIn-binding protein in a lipid pull-down screen. EBP1 is a ubiquitous and conserved protein, located in both the cytoplasm and nucleolus, and associated with cell proliferation and survival. In the present study, we show that EBP1 binds directly to several PPIns via two distinct PPIn-binding sites consisting of clusters of lysine residues and positioned at the N- and C-termini of the protein. Using interaction mutants, we show that the C-terminal PPIn-binding motif contributes the most to the localization of EBP1 in the nucleolus. Importantly, a K372N point mutation, located within the C-terminal motif and found in endometrial tumours, is sufficient to alter the nucleolar targeting of EBP1. Our study reveals also the presence of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit p110β and its product PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 together with EBP1 in the nucleolus. Using NMR, we further demonstrate an association between EBP1 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 via both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Taken together, these results show that EBP1 interacts directly with PPIns and associate with PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in the nucleolus. The presence of p110β and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in the nucleolus indicates their potential role in regulating nucleolar processes, at least via EBP1.
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34
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Tools for visualization of phosphoinositides in the cell nucleus. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 145:485-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1409-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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35
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Pfister JA, D'Mello SR. Insights into the regulation of neuronal viability by nucleophosmin/B23. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:774-86. [PMID: 25908633 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215579168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The vastness of the neuronal network that constitutes the human brain proves challenging when trying to understand its complexity. Furthermore, due to the senescent state they enter into upon maturation, neurons lack the ability to regenerate in the face of insult, injury or death. Consequently, their excessive death can be detrimental to the proper functioning of the brain. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms regulating neuronal survival is, while challenging, of great importance as the incidence of neurological disease is becoming more prevalent in today's society. Nucleophosmin/B23 (NPM) is an abundant and ubiquitously expressed protein that regulates vital cellular processes such as ribosome biogenesis, cell proliferation and genomic stability. As a result, it is necessary for proper embryonic development, but has also been implicated in many cancers. While highly studied in the context of proliferative cells, there is a lack of understanding NPM's role in post-mitotic neurons. By exploring its role in healthy neurons as well as its function in the regulation of cell death and neurodegeneration, there can be a better understanding of how these diseases initiate and progress. Owing to what is thus far known about its function in the cell, NPM could be an attractive therapeutic target in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Pfister
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
| | - Santosh R D'Mello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
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36
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Davis WJ, Lehmann PZ, Li W. Nuclear PI3K signaling in cell growth and tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:24. [PMID: 25918701 PMCID: PMC4394695 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is a major driving force in a variety of cellular functions. Dysregulation of this pathway has been implicated in many human diseases including cancer. While the activity of the cytoplasmic PI3K/Akt pathway has been extensively studied, the functions of these molecules and their effector proteins within the nucleus are poorly understood. Harboring key cellular processes such as DNA replication and repair as well as nascent messenger RNA transcription, the nucleus provides a unique compartmental environment for protein–protein and protein–DNA/RNA interactions required for cell survival, growth, and proliferation. Here we summarize recent advances made toward elucidating the nuclear PI3K/Akt signaling cascade and its key components within the nucleus as they pertain to cell growth and tumorigenesis. This review covers the spatial and temporal localization of the major nuclear kinases having PI3K activities and the counteracting phosphatases as well as the role of nuclear PI3K/Akt signaling in mRNA processing and exportation, DNA replication and repair, ribosome biogenesis, cell survival, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Davis
- College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Peter Z Lehmann
- College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Weimin Li
- College of Medical Sciences, Washington State University Spokane, WA, USA
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37
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Bidlingmaier S, Liu B. Utilizing Yeast Surface Human Proteome Display Libraries to Identify Small Molecule-Protein Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1319:203-14. [PMID: 26060077 PMCID: PMC4838597 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2748-7_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The identification of proteins that interact with small bioactive molecules is a critical but often difficult and time-consuming step in understanding cellular signaling pathways or molecular mechanisms of drug action. Numerous methods for identifying small molecule-interacting proteins have been developed and utilized, including affinity-based purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis, protein microarrays, phage display, and three-hybrid approaches. Although all these methods have been used successfully, there remains a need for additional techniques for analyzing small molecule-protein interactions. A promising method for identifying small molecule-protein interactions is affinity-based selection of yeast surface-displayed human proteome libraries. Large and diverse libraries displaying human protein fragments on the surface of yeast cells have been constructed and subjected to FACS-based enrichment followed by comprehensive exon microarray-based output analysis to identify protein fragments with affinity for small molecule ligands. In a recent example, a proteome-wide search has been successfully carried out to identify cellular proteins binding to the signaling lipids PtdIns(4,5)P2 and PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Known phosphatidylinositide-binding proteins such as pleckstrin homology domains were identified, as well as many novel interactions. Intriguingly, many novel nuclear phosphatidylinositide-binding proteins were discovered. Although the existence of an independent pool of nuclear phosphatidylinositides has been known about for some time, their functions and mechanism of action remain obscure. Thus, the identification and subsequent study of nuclear phosphatidylinositide-binding proteins is expected to bring new insights to this important biological question. Based on the success with phosphatidylinositides, it is expected that the screening of yeast surface-displayed human proteome libraries will be of general use for the discovery of novel small molecule-protein interactions, thus facilitating the study of cellular signaling pathways and mechanisms of drug action or toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Bidlingmaier
- Department of Anesthesia, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Box 1305, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
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38
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Guo Y, Liu S, Wang P, Zhang H, Wang F, Bing L, Gao J, Yang J, Hao A. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor improves neuron survival in experimental spinal cord injury by regulating nucleophosmin-1 expression. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:751-60. [PMID: 24829950 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and its related mechanisms were investigated to assess the potential for this factor to exert neuroprotective effects against spinal cord injury in mice. Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) was injected into mice spinal cord hemisection models. Locomotor activity was assessed by using the Basso-Bettie-Bresnahan scale. Neurons isolated from spinal cords were cultured in vitro and used in a neuronal mechanical injury model. Three treatment groups were compared with this model, 1) G-CSF, 2) G-CSF + NSC348884 (a nucleophosmin 1-specific inhibitor), and 3) NSC348884. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were performed to analyze the expression of G-CSF and nucleophosmin 1 (Npm1). TUNEL staining was performed to analyze apoptosis after G-CSF treatment. We found that the G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) and Npm1 were expressed in neurons and that Npm1 expression was induced after G-CSF treatment. G-CSF inhibited neuronal apoptosis. NSC348884 induced p53-dependent cell apoptosis and partially blocked the neuroprotective activity of G-CSF on neurons in vitro. G-CSF promoted locomotor recovery and demonstrated neuroprotective effects in an acute spinal cord injury model. The mechanism of G-CSF's neuroprotection may be related in part to attenuating neuronal apoptosis by NPM1.
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39
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Ahn JY. Neuroprotection signaling of nuclear akt in neuronal cells. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:200-6. [PMID: 25258566 PMCID: PMC4174610 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.3.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Akt is one of the central kinases that perform a pivotal function in mediating survival signaling in a wide range of neuronal cell types in response to growth factor stimulation. The recent findings of a number of targets for Akt suggest that it prohibits neuronal death by both impinging on the cytoplasmic cell death machinery and by regulating nuclear proteins. The presence of active Akt in the nuclei of mammalian cells is no longer debatable, and this has been corroborated by the finding of multiple targets in the nucleus of PC12 cells. However, it is also clear that the nuclear Akt signaling exists independent of the cytosolic Akt signaling, thereby showing a distinctive feature of nuclear Akt signaling as opposed to its cytosolic counterpart. The principal objective of this review is to summarize our current state of knowledge regarding nuclear Akt signaling in neuronal survival, and to introduce current theories regarding the roles of nuclear Akt in neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Yin Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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40
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Shah ZH, Jones DR, Sommer L, Foulger R, Bultsma Y, D'Santos C, Divecha N. Nuclear phosphoinositides and their impact on nuclear functions. FEBS J 2013; 280:6295-310. [PMID: 24112514 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphoinositides (PPIn) are important lipid molecules whose levels are de-regulated in human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic syndromes. PPIn are synthesized and degraded by an array of kinases, phosphatases and lipases which are localized to various subcellular compartments and are subject to regulation in response to both extra- and intracellular cues. Changes in the activities of enzymes that metabolize PPIn lead to changes in the profiles of PPIn in various subcellular compartments. Understanding how subcellular PPIn are regulated and how they affect downstream signaling is critical to understanding their roles in human diseases. PPIn are present in the nucleus, and their levels are changed in response to various stimuli, suggesting that they may serve to regulate specific nuclear functions. However, the lack of nuclear downstream targets has hindered the definition of which pathways nuclear PPIn affect. Over recent years, targeted and global proteomic studies have identified a plethora of potential PPIn-interacting proteins involved in many aspects of transcription, chromatin remodelling and mRNA maturation, suggesting that PPIn signalling within the nucleus represents a largely unexplored novel layer of complexity in the regulation of nuclear functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid H Shah
- Cancer Research UK Inositide Laboratory, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, UK
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41
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Aleksandrushkina NI, Vanyushin BF. Endonucleases and apoptosis in animals. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 77:1436-51. [PMID: 23379520 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912130032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endonucleases are the main instruments of obligatory DNA degradation in apoptosis. Many endonucleases have marked processive action; initially they split DNA in chromatin into very large domains, and then they perform in it internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA followed by its hydrolysis to small fragments (oligonucleotides). During apoptosis, DNA of chromatin is attacked by many nucleases that are different in activity, specificity, and order of action. The activity of every endonuclease is regulated in the cell through its own regulatory mechanism (metal ions and other effectors, possibly also S-adenosylmethionine). Apoptosis is impossible without endonucleases as far as it leads to accumulation of unnecessary (defective) DNA, disorders in cell differentiation, embryogenesis, the organism's development, and is accompanied by various severe diseases. The interpretation of the structure and functions of endonucleases and of the nature and action of their modulating effectors is important not only for elucidation of mechanisms of apoptosis, but also for regulation and control of programmed cell death, cell differentiation, and development of organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Aleksandrushkina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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42
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Critical role of increased PTEN nuclear translocation in excitotoxic and ischemic neuronal injuries. J Neurosci 2013; 33:7997-8008. [PMID: 23637190 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5661-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability in developed countries. However, no treatment is available beyond 3 h post-ictus. Here, we report that nuclear translocation of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome TEN) is a delayed step causatively leading to excitotoxic (in vitro) and ischemic (in vivo) neuronal injuries. We found that excitotoxic stimulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) resulted in PTEN nuclear translocation in cultured neurons, a process requiring mono-ubiquitination at the lysine 13 residue (K13), as the translocation was prevented by mutation of K13 or a short interfering peptide (Tat-K13) that flanks the K13 residue. More importantly, using a rat model of focal ischemia, we demonstrated that systemic application of Tat-K13, even 6 h after stroke, not only reduced ischemia-induced PTEN nuclear translocation, but also strongly protected against ischemic brain damage. Our study suggests that inhibition of PTEN nuclear translocation may represent a novel after stroke therapy.
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Iglesias-Guimarais V, Gil-Guiñon E, Sánchez-Osuna M, Casanelles E, García-Belinchón M, Comella JX, Yuste VJ. Chromatin collapse during caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death requires DNA fragmentation factor, 40-kDa subunit-/caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease-mediated 3'-OH single-strand DNA breaks. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:9200-15. [PMID: 23430749 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.411371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic nuclear morphology and oligonucleosomal double-strand DNA fragments (also known as DNA ladder) are considered the hallmarks of apoptotic cell death. From a classic point of view, these two processes occur concomitantly. Once activated, DNA fragmentation factor, 40-kDa subunit (DFF40)/caspase-activated DNase (CAD) endonuclease hydrolyzes the DNA into oligonucleosomal-size pieces, facilitating the chromatin package. However, the dogma that the apoptotic nuclear morphology depends on DNA fragmentation has been questioned. Here, we use different cellular models, including MEF CAD(-/-) cells, to unravel the mechanism by which DFF40/CAD influences chromatin condensation and nuclear collapse during apoptosis. Upon apoptotic insult, SK-N-AS cells display caspase-dependent apoptotic nuclear alterations in the absence of internucleosomal DNA degradation. The overexpression of a wild-type form of DFF40/CAD endonuclease, but not of different catalytic-null mutants, restores the cellular ability to degrade the chromatin into oligonucleosomal-length fragments. We show that apoptotic nuclear collapse requires a 3'-OH endonucleolytic activity even though the internucleosomal DNA degradation is impaired. Moreover, alkaline unwinding electrophoresis and In Situ End-Labeling (ISEL)/In Situ Nick Translation (ISNT) assays reveal that the apoptotic DNA damage observed in the DNA ladder-deficient SK-N-AS cells is characterized by the presence of single-strand nicks/breaks. Apoptotic single-strand breaks can be impaired by DFF40/CAD knockdown, abrogating nuclear collapse and disassembly. In conclusion, the highest order of chromatin compaction observed in the later steps of caspase-dependent apoptosis relies on DFF40/CAD-mediated DNA damage by generating 3'-OH ends in single-strand rather than double-strand DNA nicks/breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Iglesias-Guimarais
- Cell Death, Senescence, and Survival Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Lee SB, Kim CK, Lee KH, Ahn JY. S-nitrosylation of B23/nucleophosmin by GAPDH protects cells from the SIAH1-GAPDH death cascade. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 199:65-76. [PMID: 23027902 PMCID: PMC3461512 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201205015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
S-nitrosylation of B23/nucleophosmin mediates neuroprotective effects by binding SIAH1, displacing GAPDH, and preventing SIAH1 E3 ligase activity. B23/nucleophosmin is a multifunctional protein that participates in cell survival signaling by shuttling between the nucleolus/nucleoplasm and nucleus/cytoplasm. In this paper, we report a novel neuroprotective function of B23 through regulation of the SIAH1–glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) death cascade. B23 physiologically bound to both SIAH1 and GAPDH, disrupting the SIAH1–GAPDH complex in the nucleus in response to nitrosative stress. S-nitrosylation of B23 at cysteine 275 by trans-nitrosylation from GAPDH dramatically reduced the interaction between SIAH1 and GAPDH. S-nitrosylation of B23 enhanced B23–SIAH1 binding and mediated the neuroprotective actions of B23 by abrogating the E3 ligase activity of SIAH1. In mice, overexpression of B23 notably inhibited N-methyl-d-aspartate–mediated neurotoxicity, whereas expression of the C275S mutant, which is defective in binding to SIAH1, did not prevent neurotoxicity. Thus, B23 regulates neuronal survival by preventing SIAH1–GAPDH death signaling under stress-induced conditions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Bae Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
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Alterations in the MA and NC domains modulate phosphoinositide-dependent plasma membrane localization of the Rous sarcoma virus Gag protein. J Virol 2013; 87:3609-15. [PMID: 23325682 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03059-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviral Gag proteins direct virus particle assembly from the plasma membrane (PM). Phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P(2)] plays a role in PM targeting of several retroviral Gag proteins. Here we report that depletion of intracellular PI(4,5)P(2) and phosphatidylinositol-(3,4,5)-triphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P(3)] levels impaired Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) Gag PM localization. Gag mutants deficient in nuclear trafficking were less sensitive to reduction of intracellular PI(4,5)P(2) and PI(3,4,5)P(3), suggesting a possible connection between Gag nuclear trafficking and phosphoinositide-dependent PM targeting.
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Role of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate in cell signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 991:105-39. [PMID: 23775693 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6331-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many lipids present in cellular membranes are phosphorylated as part of signaling cascades and participate in the recruitment, localization, and activation of downstream protein effectors. Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) is one of the most important second messengers and is capable of interacting with a variety of proteins through specific PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 binding domains. Localization and activation of these effector proteins controls a myriad of cellular functions including cell survival, proliferation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and gene expression. Aberrations in the production and metabolism of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 have been implicated in many human diseases including cancer, diabetes, inflammation, and heart disease. This chapter provides an overview of the role of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in cellular regulation and the implications of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 dysregulation in human diseases. Additionally, recent attempts at targeting PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 signaling via small molecule inhibitors are summarized.
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Martelli AM, Tabellini G, Bressanin D, Ognibene A, Goto K, Cocco L, Evangelisti C. The emerging multiple roles of nuclear Akt. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:2168-78. [PMID: 22960641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Thakral C, Hutchison RE, Shrimpton A, Barrett D, Laver J, Link M, Halleran DR, Hudson S. ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma exhibits phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt activity with retained but inactivated PTEN--a report from the Children's Oncology Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59:440-7. [PMID: 22488797 PMCID: PMC3396737 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.24153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is usually a disease of young patients. We investigated phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway-associated factors in pediatric cases and cell lines. PROCEDURE Patient materials consisted of tissue slides of ALK+/CD30+ ALCL from 33 patients treated on Pediatric Oncology Group protocols (9219, n = 8 and 9315, n = 25). Slides were examined by immunohistochemistry for phospho(p)-Akt and PTEN, the primary feedback regulator of the pathway, as well as for p27kip1 and stathmin-1. ALCL cell lines SUDHL-1 and Karpas-299 were examined for ALK, pALK, pAkt, p27/Kip1, PTEN, pPTEN, CD30, pSTAT3, and pSTAT5; ALK inhibition was performed using compound PF-2341066 and PTEN genes were sequenced. RESULTS A majority of patients expressed pAkt, PTEN, and stathmin, with p27kip1 levels less than controls. Cell lines showed expression of ALK, pALK, pSTAT3, pSTAT5, CD30, pAkt, PTEN, and pPTEN, with p27 slightly less than positive controls, and germline PTEN DNA. There was evidence of phosphorylated PTEN (pPTEN) associated with inhibited function. Pharmacologic inhibition of activated ALK diminished pSTAT3, pSTAT5, and CD30 expression but not pAkt or pPTEN in cultured cell lines. CONCLUSION We conclude that the PI3K/Akt pathway is activated in many, though not all, pediatric ALK+ ALCL. Our data suggest that activation of this pathway involves post-translational regulation of PTEN. Pharmacologic inhibition of activated ALK does not reduce modest levels of activated Akt as it does with the more abundant levels of activated STAT3 or STAT5. Future therapy of ALCL might, in selected patients, best combine agents inhibiting PI3K/Akt with those targeting ALK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Thakral
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse NY
| | | | - Antony Shrimpton
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse NY
| | - Donna Barrett
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse NY
| | - Joseph Laver
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN
| | - Michael Link
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Devin R. Halleran
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse NY
| | - Sandra Hudson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse NY
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Jong JE, Jeong KW, Shin H, Hwang LR, Lee D, Seo T. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 protein inhibits DNA fragmentation via interaction with DNA fragmentation factor 40. Cancer Lett 2012; 324:109-17. [PMID: 22609799 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The E6 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus (HPV) is critical in cervical cancer development. Using the yeast two-hybrid assay, we showed that HPV-16 E6 (16E6) interacts with one of the DNA fragmentation factors (DFFs), DFF40, which mediates DNA degradation during apoptosis. Furthermore, 16E6 interacts with DFF40 through its zinc finger motif 2 and a bridge section linking the two zinc finger motifs. DNA fragmentation assays disclosed that 16E6 binding to DFF40 leads to blockage of DNA cleavage. Our data collectively suggest that suppression of DNA fragmentation through 16E6-DFF40 interaction is a central event promoting tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Jong
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
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Chan CB, Ye K. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase enhancer (PIKE) in the brain: is it simply a phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt enhancer? Rev Neurosci 2012; 23:153-61. [PMID: 22499674 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2011-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 2000, phosphoinositide 3-kinase enhancer (PIKE) has been recognized as a class of GTPase that controls the enzymatic activities of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt in the central nervous system (CNS). However, recent studies suggest that PIKEs are not only enhancers to PI3K/Akt but also modulators to other kinases including insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and focal adhesion kinases. Moreover, they regulate transcription factors such as signal transducer and activator of transcription and nuclear factor κB. Indeed, PIKE proteins participate in multiple cellular processes including control of cell survival, brain development, memory formation, gene transcription, and metabolism. In this review, we have summarized the functions of PIKE proteins in CNS and discussed their potential implications in various neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Bun Chan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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