1
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Chen Y, Culetto E, Legouis R. The strange case of Drp1 in autophagy: Jekyll and Hyde? Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100271. [PMID: 35166388 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
There is a debate regarding the function of Drp1, a GTPase involved in mitochondrial fission, during the elimination of mitochondria by autophagy. A number of experiments indicate that Drp1 is needed to eliminate mitochondria during mitophagy, either by reducing the mitochondrial size or by providing a noncanonical mitophagy function. Yet, other convincing experimental results support the conclusion that Drp1 is not necessary. Here, we review the possible functions for Drp1 in mitophagy and autophagy, depending on tissues, organisms and stresses, and discuss these apparent discrepancies. In this regard, it appears that the reduction of mitochondria size is often required for mitophagy but not always in a Drp1-dependent manner. Finally, we speculate on Drp1-independent mitochondrial fission mechanism that may take place during mitophagy and on noncanonical roles, which Drp1 may play such as modulating organelle contact sites dynamic during the autophagosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Animal Ressources Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Emmanuel Culetto
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Renaud Legouis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1280, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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2
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Umbaugh DS, Nguyen NT, Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Drives Early Change in Mitochondrial Morphology After Acetaminophen Exposure. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:186-195. [PMID: 33432343 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial morphology plays a critical role in regulating mitochondrial and cellular function. It is well established that oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury are central to acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity. However, the role of mitochondrial dynamics, namely the remodeling of mitochondrial morphology through fusion and fission, has largely gone unexplored. To investigate this, we used primary mouse hepatocytes treated with APAP which allowed for real-time visualization of mitochondrial morphology using mitotracker green. We found that alterations in mitochondrial morphology were dose dependent, with a biphasic response in mitochondrial shape at higher APAP doses. Importantly, these two distinct mitochondrial morphologies corresponded with differences in mitochondrial respiratory function and polarization. The early change in mitochondrial morphology can be reversible and appears to be an adaptive response caused by alterations in membrane potential, which ultimately help preserve mitochondrial function. The later delayed change in mitochondrial morphology is irreversible and is driven by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased canonical fusion proteins, and alterations in mitochondrial lipid composition. Collectively, these later changes tilt the scales toward mitochondrial fission resulting in fragmented mitochondria with reduced functionality. This work provides evidence of adaptive early changes in mitochondrial morphology, which results in functional consequences that are dictated by the severity of APAP overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Nga T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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3
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Wu B, Xiong J, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Song Y, Wang N, Chen L, Zhang J. Luteolin enhances TRAIL sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer cells through increasing DR5 expression and Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 692:108539. [PMID: 32777260 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit extreme sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) over normal cells, highlighting TRAIL's potential as a novel and effective cancer drug. However, the therapeutic effect of TRAIL is limited due to drug resistance. In the present study, we sought to investigate the potential effects of luteolin as a TRAIL sensitizer in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. A549 and H1975 cells had low sensitivity or were resistant to TRAIL. Luteolin alone or in combination with TRAIL decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, luteolin alone or in combination with TRAIL enhanced death receptor 5 (DR5) expression and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-dependent mitochondrial fission. However, the synergistic effect of luteolin on cell viability and apoptosis was reversed by DR5 and Drp1 inhibition, suggesting that DR5 upregulation and mitochondrial dynamics may be essential for luteolin as a sensitizer of TRAIL-based therapy in NSCLC. Moreover, luteolin treatment alone or in combination with TRAIL increased the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), while SP600125 (the JNK inhibitor) significantly abolished the synergistic effect on DR5 expression and Drp1 translocation, indicating that JNK signaling activation was greatly associated with the synergistic effect exerted by luteolin in NSCLC cells. Therefore, TRAIL combined with luteolin could be as an effective chemotherapeutic strategy for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yingtong Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.
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4
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Abstract
Significance: In addition to their classical role in cellular ATP production, mitochondria are of key relevance in various (patho)physiological mechanisms including second messenger signaling, neuro-transduction, immune responses and death induction. Recent Advances: Within cells, mitochondria are motile and display temporal changes in internal and external structure ("mitochondrial dynamics"). During the last decade, substantial empirical and in silico evidence was presented demonstrating that mitochondrial dynamics impacts on mitochondrial function and vice versa. Critical Issues: However, a comprehensive and quantitative understanding of the bidirectional links between mitochondrial external shape, internal structure and function ("morphofunction") is still lacking. The latter particularly hampers our understanding of the functional properties and behavior of individual mitochondrial within single living cells. Future Directions: In this review we discuss the concept of mitochondrial morphofunction in mammalian cells, primarily using experimental evidence obtained within the last decade. The topic is introduced by briefly presenting the central role of mitochondria in cell physiology and the importance of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) therein. Next, we summarize in detail how mitochondrial (ultra)structure is controlled and discuss empirical evidence regarding the equivalence of mitochondrial (ultra)structure and function. Finally, we provide a brief summary of how mitochondrial morphofunction can be quantified at the level of single cells and mitochondria, how mitochondrial ultrastructure/volume impacts on mitochondrial bioreactions and intramitochondrial protein diffusion, and how mitochondrial morphofunction can be targeted by small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elianne P. Bulthuis
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel J.W. Adjobo-Hermans
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H.G.M. Willems
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Werner J.H. Koopman
- Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Werner J.H. Koopman, Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen NL-6500 HB, The Netherlands
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5
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Qin R, Zhang L, Lin D, Xiao F, Guo L. Sirt1 inhibits HG-induced endothelial injury: Role of Mff-based mitochondrial fission and F‑actin homeostasis-mediated cellular migration. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:89-102. [PMID: 31115479 PMCID: PMC6559301 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) has been found to be involved in diabetic vasculopathy and high glucose (HG)-mediated endothelial injury, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Sirt1 in HG-induced endothelial injury and its potential mechanism. In the present study, it was demonstrated that HG triggers the downregulation of Sirt1 by activating microRNA-195 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as determined by western blot analysis in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, a lower expression of Sirt1 was correlated with glucose metabolic abnormalities, aortic endothelial dysfunction and endothelial apoptosis as evidenced by western blot analysis and ELISA in mice. By contrast, the loss of Sirt1 evoked mitochondrial fission factor (Mff)-mediated mitochondrial fission through the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, which contributes to the apoptosis of HUVECs. In addition, Sirt1 deficiency downregulated the migration of HUVECs through F-actin dyshomeostasis. Collectively, the results identify Sirt1 as a protective factor, which inhibits the JNK/Mff/mitochondrial fission pathway and sustains F-actin homeostasis, and has potential implications for novel approaches to diabetic vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xiao
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
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6
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Zhou H, Wang S, Zhu P, Hu S, Chen Y, Ren J. Empagliflozin rescues diabetic myocardial microvascular injury via AMPK-mediated inhibition of mitochondrial fission. Redox Biol 2018; 15:335-346. [PMID: 29306791 PMCID: PMC5756062 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired cardiac microvascular function contributes to diabetic cardiovascular complications although effective therapy remains elusive. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor recently approved for treatment of type 2 diabetes, promotes glycosuria excretion and offers cardioprotective actions beyond its glucose-lowering effects. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of empagliflozin on cardiac microvascular injury in diabetes and the underlying mechanism involved with a focus on mitochondria. Our data revealed that empagliflozin improved diabetic myocardial structure and function, preserved cardiac microvascular barrier function and integrity, sustained eNOS phosphorylation and endothelium-dependent relaxation, as well as improved microvessel density and perfusion. Further study suggested that empagliflozin exerted its effects through inhibition of mitochondrial fission in an adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner. Empagliflozin restored AMP-to-ATP ratio to trigger AMPK activation, suppressed Drp1S616 phosphorylation, and increased Drp1S637 phosphorylation, ultimately leading to inhibition of mitochondrial fission. The empagliflozin-induced inhibition of mitochondrial fission preserved cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMEC) barrier function through suppressed mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and subsequently oxidative stress to impede CMEC senescence. Empagliflozin-induced fission loss also favored angiogenesis by promoting CMEC migration through amelioration of F-actin depolymerization. Taken together, these results indicated the therapeutic promises of empagliflozin in the treatment of pathological microvascular changes in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Shuyi Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Pingjun Zhu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shunying Hu
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yundai Chen
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Cardiology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 210032, China.
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7
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Maycotte P, Marín-Hernández A, Goyri-Aguirre M, Anaya-Ruiz M, Reyes-Leyva J, Cortés-Hernández P. Mitochondrial dynamics and cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317698391. [PMID: 28468591 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317698391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide, and the number of new cases continues to rise. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies, millions of cancer-related deaths occur, indicating the need for better therapies and diagnostic strategies. Mitochondria and metabolic alterations have been recognized as important for cancer progression. However, a more precise understanding of how to manipulate mitochondria-related processes for cancer therapy remains to be established. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles which continually fuse and divide in response to diverse stimuli. Participation in the aforementioned processes requires a precise regulation at many levels that allows the cell to couple mitochondrial activity to nutrient availability, biosynthetic demands, proliferation rates, and external stimuli. The many functions of these organelles are intimately linked to their morphology. Recent evidence suggests an important link between mitochondrial morphology and disease, including neurodegenerative, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of mitochondrial dynamics with a special focus on its relationship to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Maycotte
- 1 CONACYT-Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México.,2 Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Alvaro Marín-Hernández
- 3 Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, México, México
| | - Miriam Goyri-Aguirre
- 2 Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Maricruz Anaya-Ruiz
- 2 Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Julio Reyes-Leyva
- 2 Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
| | - Paulina Cortés-Hernández
- 2 Laboratorio de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, México
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