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Yamaguchi A, Aino H, Tsumuraya T, Hirama M, Fujii I. Humanization and characterization of an anti-ciguatoxin CTX3C monoclonal antibody. Toxicon 2024; 247:107848. [PMID: 38964619 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Ciguatera poisoning (CP), caused by ciguatoxins (CTXs), is one of the most common food-borne diseases, affecting more than 50,000 people each year. In most cases, CP are managed with symptomatic and supportive remedies, and no specific treatment has been devised. In this study, toward the development of therapeutic antibodies for CP, we examined to humanize mouse anti-CTX3C antibody 10C9 (m10C9), which exhibited neutralizing activity against ciguatoxin in vitro and in vivo. The complementarity determining regions were grafted onto a human germline sequence with high sequence identity to m10C9, and the backmutations were examined to maintain the binding affinity. The optimized humanized antibody, Opt.h10C9Fab, showed a strong binding affinity to CTX3C with a high affinity (KD = 19.0 nM), and only two backmutations of ArgL46 and CysH94 in the framework regions were involved in determining the antigen binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Yamaguchi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan; Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Aino
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsumuraya
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan; Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirama
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ikuo Fujii
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan; Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
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2
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Parkinson J, Wang W. For antibody sequence generative modeling, mixture models may be all you need. Bioinformatics 2024; 40:btae278. [PMID: 38652603 PMCID: PMC11093529 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btae278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Antibody therapeutic candidates must exhibit not only tight binding to their target but also good developability properties, especially low risk of immunogenicity. RESULTS In this work, we fit a simple generative model, SAM, to sixty million human heavy and seventy million human light chains. We show that the probability of a sequence calculated by the model distinguishes human sequences from other species with the same or better accuracy on a variety of benchmark datasets containing >400 million sequences than any other model in the literature, outperforming large language models (LLMs) by large margins. SAM can humanize sequences, generate new sequences, and score sequences for humanness. It is both fast and fully interpretable. Our results highlight the importance of using simple models as baselines for protein engineering tasks. We additionally introduce a new tool for numbering antibody sequences which is orders of magnitude faster than existing tools in the literature. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION All tools developed in this study are available at https://github.com/Wang-lab-UCSD/AntPack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Parkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0359, United States
- MAP Bioscience, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0359, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0359, United States
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3
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Di Mambro T, Vanzolini T, Bianchi M, Crinelli R, Canonico B, Tasini F, Menotta M, Magnani M. Development and in vitro characterization of a humanized scFv against fungal infections. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276786. [PMID: 36315567 PMCID: PMC9621433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The resistance and the birth of new intrinsic and multidrug-resistant pathogenic species like C. auris is creating great concern in the antifungal world. Given the limited drug arsenal and the lack of effectiveness of the available compounds, there is an urgent need for innovative approaches. The murine mAb 2G8 was humanized and engineered in silico to develop a single-chain fragment variable (hscFv) antibody against β-1,3-glucans which was then expressed in E. coli. Among the recombinant proteins developed, a soluble candidate with high stability and affinity was obtained. This selected protein is VL-linker-VH oriented, and it is characterized by the presence of two ubiquitin monomers at the N-terminus and a His tag at the C-terminus. This construct, Ub2-hscFv-His, guaranteed stability, solubility, efficient purification and satisfactory recovery of the recombinant product. HscFv can bind β-1,3-glucans both as coated antigens and on C. auris and C. albicans cells similarly to its murine parental and showed long stability and retention of binding ability when stored at 4°, -20° and -80° C. Furthermore, it was efficient in enhancing the antifungal activity of drugs caspofungin and amphotericin B against C. auris. The use of biological drugs as antifungals is limited; here we present a promising hscFv which has the potential to be useful in combination with currently available antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Vanzolini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Marzia Bianchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Rita Crinelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Filippo Tasini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Michele Menotta
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- Diatheva s.r.l., Cartoceto, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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4
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Wang Y, Wang C, Huang M, Qin S, Zhao J, Sang S, Zheng M, Bian Y, Huang C, Zhang H, Guo L, Jiang J, Xu C, Dai N, Zheng Y, Han J, Yang M, Xu T, Miao L. Pilot study of a novel nanobody 68 Ga-NODAGA-SNA006 for instant PET imaging of CD8 + T cells. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4394-4405. [PMID: 35829748 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Positron emission tomography (PET) with specific diagnostic probes for quantifying CD8+ T cells has emerged as a powerful technique for monitoring the immune response. However, most CD8+ T cell radiotracers are based on antibodies or antibody fragments, which are slowly cleared from circulation. Herein, we aimed to develop and assess 68 Ga-NODAGA-SNA006 for instant PET (iPET) imaging of CD8+ T cells. METHODS A novel nanobody without a hexahistidine (His6) tag, SNA006-GSC, was designed, site-specifically conjugated with NODAGA-maleimide and radiolabelled with 68 Ga. The PET imaging profiles of 68 Ga-NODAGA-SNA006 were evaluated in BALB/c MC38-CD8+/CD8- tumour models and cynomolgus monkeys. Three volunteers with lung cancer underwent whole-body PET/CT imaging after 68 Ga-NODAGA-SNA006 administration. The biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and dosimetry of patients were also investigated. In addition, combined with immunohistochemistry (IHC), the quantitative performance of the tracer for monitoring CD8 expression was evaluated in BALB/c MC38-CD8+/CD8- and human subjects. RESULTS 68 Ga-NODAGA-SNA006 was prepared with RCP > 98% and SA > 100 GBq/μmol. 68 Ga-NODAGA-SNA006 exhibited specific uptake in MC38-CD8+ xenografts tumours, CD8-rich tissues (such as the spleen) in monkeys and CD8+ tumour lesions in patients within 1 h. Fast washout from circulation was observed in three volunteers (t1/2 < 20 min). A preliminary quantitative linear relationship (R2 = 0.9668, p < 0.0001 for xenografts and R2 = 0.7924, p = 0.0013 for lung patients) appeared between 68 Ga-NODAGA-SNA006 uptake and CD8 expression. 68 Ga-NODAGA-SNA006 was well tolerated by all patients. CONCLUSION 68 Ga-NODAGA-SNA006 PET imaging can instantly quantify CD8 expression with an ideal safety profile and is expected to be important for dynamically tracking CD8+ T cells and monitoring immune responses for individualised cancer immunotherapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT05126927 (19 November 2021, retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Ping-Hai Rd., Jiangsu, 215006, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Smart-Nuclide Biotech, No. 218 Xing-Hu Rd., Suzhou, 215125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minzhou Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Ping-Hai Rd., Jiangsu, 215006, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Songbing Qin
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shibiao Sang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Ping-Hai Rd., Jiangsu, 215006, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yicong Bian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Ping-Hai Rd., Jiangsu, 215006, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenrong Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Ping-Hai Rd., Jiangsu, 215006, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Ping-Hai Rd., Jiangsu, 215006, Suzhou, China.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lingchuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiwei Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Na Dai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yushuang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, No. 20 Qian-Rong Rd., Wuxi, 214063, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Smart-Nuclide Biotech, No. 218 Xing-Hu Rd., Suzhou, 215125, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liyan Miao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No. 899 Ping-Hai Rd., Jiangsu, 215006, Suzhou, China. .,Institute for Interdisciplinary Drug Research and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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5
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Chiu ML, Goulet DR, Teplyakov A, Gilliland GL. Antibody Structure and Function: The Basis for Engineering Therapeutics. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8040055. [PMID: 31816964 PMCID: PMC6963682 DOI: 10.3390/antib8040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and antibody-derived macromolecules have established themselves as the mainstay in protein-based therapeutic molecules (biologics). Our knowledge of the structure–function relationships of antibodies provides a platform for protein engineering that has been exploited to generate a wide range of biologics for a host of therapeutic indications. In this review, our basic understanding of the antibody structure is described along with how that knowledge has leveraged the engineering of antibody and antibody-related therapeutics having the appropriate antigen affinity, effector function, and biophysical properties. The platforms examined include the development of antibodies, antibody fragments, bispecific antibody, and antibody fusion products, whose efficacy and manufacturability can be improved via humanization, affinity modulation, and stability enhancement. We also review the design and selection of binding arms, and avidity modulation. Different strategies of preparing bispecific and multispecific molecules for an array of therapeutic applications are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L. Chiu
- Drug Product Development Science, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Dennis R. Goulet
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Washington, P.O. Box 357610, Seattle, WA 98195-7610, USA;
| | - Alexey Teplyakov
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA; (A.T.); (G.L.G.)
| | - Gary L. Gilliland
- Biologics Research, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA; (A.T.); (G.L.G.)
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6
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Chang DK, Kurella VB, Biswas S, Avnir Y, Sui J, Wang X, Sun J, Wang Y, Panditrao M, Peterson E, Tallarico A, Fernandes S, Goodall M, Zhu Q, Brown JR, Jefferis R, Marasco WA. Humanized mouse G6 anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody has therapeutic potential against IGHV1-69 germline gene-based B-CLL. MAbs 2016; 8:787-98. [PMID: 26963739 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2016.1159365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In 10-20% of the cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell phenotype (B-CLL), the IGHV1-69 germline is utilized as VH gene of the B cell receptor (BCR). Mouse G6 (MuG6) is an anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody discovered in a screen against rheumatoid factors (RFs) that binds with high affinity to an idiotope expressed on the 51p1 alleles of IGHV1-69 germline gene encoded antibodies (G6-id(+)). The finding that unmutated IGHV1-69 encoded BCRs are frequently expressed on B-CLL cells provides an opportunity for anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody immunotherapy. In this study, we first showed that MuG6 can deplete B cells encoding IGHV1-69 BCRs using a novel humanized GTL mouse model. Next, we humanized MuG6 and demonstrated that the humanized antibodies (HuG6s), especially HuG6.3, displayed ∼2-fold higher binding affinity for G6-id(+) antibody compared to the parental MuG6. Additional studies showed that HuG6.3 was able to kill G6-id(+) BCR expressing cells and patient B-CLL cells through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Finally, both MuG6 and HuG6.3 mediate in vivo depletion of B-CLL cells in NSG mice. These data suggest that HuG6.3 may provide a new precision medicine to selectively kill IGHV1-69-encoding G6-id(+) B-CLL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Kuan Chang
- a Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Vinodh B Kurella
- a Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Subhabrata Biswas
- a Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Yuval Avnir
- a Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jianhua Sui
- a Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Xueqian Wang
- a Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jiusong Sun
- a Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Yanyan Wang
- a Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Madhura Panditrao
- a Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Eric Peterson
- a Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Aimee Tallarico
- a Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Stacey Fernandes
- c Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Margaret Goodall
- d Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, School of Medicine , Edgbaston, Birmingham , UK
| | - Quan Zhu
- a Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- c Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Roy Jefferis
- d Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, School of Medicine , Edgbaston, Birmingham , UK
| | - Wayne A Marasco
- a Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA.,b Department of Medicine , Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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7
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Khantasup K, Chantima W, Sangma C, Poomputsa K, Dharakul T. Design and Generation of Humanized Single-chain Fv Derived from Mouse Hybridoma for Potential Targeting Application. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2015; 34:404-17. [PMID: 26683180 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2015.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-chain variable antibody fragments (scFvs) are attractive candidates for targeted immunotherapy in several human diseases. In this study, a concise humanization strategy combined with an optimized production method for humanizing scFvs was successfully employed. Two antibody clones, one directed against the hemagglutinin of H5N1 influenza virus, the other against EpCAM, a cancer biomarker, were used to demonstrate the validity of the method. Heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL) variable regions of immunoglobulin genes from mouse hybridoma cells were sequenced and subjected to the construction of mouse scFv 3-D structure. Based on in silico modeling, the humanized version of the scFv was designed via complementarity-determining region (CDR) grafting with the retention of mouse framework region (FR) residues identified by primary sequence analysis. Root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) value between mouse and humanized scFv structures was calculated to evaluate the preservation of CDR conformation. Mouse and humanized scFv genes were then constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. Using this method, we successfully generated humanized scFvs that retained the targeting activity of their respective mouse scFv counterparts. In addition, the humanized scFvs were engineered with a C-terminal cysteine residue (hscFv-C) for site-directed conjugation for use in future targeting applications. The hscFv-C expression was extensively optimized to improve protein production yield. The protocol yielded a 20-fold increase in production of hscFv-Cs in E. coli periplasm. The strategy described in this study may be applicable in the humanization of other antibodies derived from mouse hybridoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannika Khantasup
- 1 Research Division, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Warangkana Chantima
- 2 Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand .,4 National Nanotechnology Center , National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Chak Sangma
- 5 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Poomputsa
- 6 Biotechnology Program, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology , Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tararaj Dharakul
- 3 Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University , Bangkok, Thailand .,4 National Nanotechnology Center , National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani, Thailand
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8
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Kurella VB, Gali R. Structure guided homology model based design and engineering of mouse antibodies for humanization. Bioinformation 2014; 10:180-6. [PMID: 24966517 PMCID: PMC4070046 DOI: 10.6026/97320630010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
No universal strategy exists for humanizing mouse antibodies, and most approaches are based on primary sequence alignment and grafting. Although this strategy theoretically decreases the immunogenicity of mouse antibodies, it neither addresses conformational changes nor steric clashes that arise due to grafting of human germline frameworks to accommodate mouse CDR regions. To address these issues, we created and tested a structure-based biologic design approach using a de novo homology model to aid in the humanization of 17 unique mouse antibodies. Our approach included building a structure-based de novo homology model from the primary mouse antibody sequence, mutation of the mouse framework residues to the closest human germline sequence and energy minimization by simulated annealing on the humanized homology model. Certain residues displayed force field errors and revealed steric clashes upon closer examination. Therefore, further mutations were introduced to rationally correct these errors. In conclusion, use of de novo antibody homology modeling together with simulated annealing improved the ability to predict conformational and steric clashes that may arise due to conversion of a mouse antibody into the humanized form and would prevent its neutralization when administered in vivo. This design provides a robust path towards the development of a universal strategy for humanization of mouse antibodies using computationally derived antibody homologous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinodh B Kurella
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA-02115, USA
| | - Reddy Gali
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and The Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA-02115, USA
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9
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Al-Halabi L, Balck A, Michalzik M, Fröde D, Büttgenbach S, Hust M, Schirrmann T, Dübel S. Recombinant antibody fragments allow repeated measurements of C-reactive protein with a quartz crystal microbalance immunosensor. MAbs 2012; 5:140-9. [PMID: 23221423 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.22374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a serum marker highly upregulated in inflammation after bacterial infection. Robust, reliable and quick quantification of CRP would be a substitute for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) with superior diagnostic value. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based sensors coated with specific antibodies and integrated into lab-on-chip systems are in development for rapid point of care quantification. In this study, we isolated three CRP specific single chain (sc)Fv antibody fragments using phage display from an antibody gene library. Their affinities ranged from 2.7 × 10(-8) to 1.0 × 10(-8) M when measured by surface plasmon resonance. ScFv antibody fragment LA13-IIE3 showed best affinity, high long-term stability and remarkable resistance to denaturation. This scFv antibody fragment was coupled to a QCM sensor. CRP quantification in up to 15 samples sequentially measured on the same sensor with intermitting regeneration by buffer was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Al-Halabi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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10
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Zahid M, Loyau S, Bouabdelli M, Aubrey N, Jandrot-Perrus M, Billiald P. Design and reshaping of an scFv directed against human platelet glycoprotein VI with diagnostic potential. Anal Biochem 2011; 417:274-82. [PMID: 21771576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Blood platelets play a key role in physiological hemostasis and in thrombosis. As a consequence, platelet functional analysis is widely used in the diagnosis of hemorrhagic disorders as well as in the evaluation of thrombosis risks and of the efficacy of antithrombotics. Glycoprotein (GP) VI is a platelet-specific collagen-signaling receptor. Clinical studies suggest that increased GPVI expression is associated with a risk of arterial thrombosis. Conversely, GPVI deficiencies have been identified in patients with defective platelet responses to collagen. Currently, there is no standard test available for measuring GPVI expression, essentially because antibodies usually cross-link GPVI upon binding, leading to platelet activation and consecutive changes in GPVI expression. Here, we designed a recombinant monovalent antibody fragment (scFv) derived from an anti-GPVI monoclonal IgG, 3J24, with the characteristics required to analyze GPVI expression. Guided by in silico modeling and V-KAPPA chain analysis, a Protein L (PpL) recognition pattern was engineered in the scFv, making possible its purification and detection using PpL conjugates. The PpL affinity-purified scFv is functional. It retains GPVI-binding specificity and allows detection of platelet surface-expressed GPVI without inducing platelet activation. In conclusion, the reshaped scFv may be very useful in the development of diagnostic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zahid
- Université Paris-Sud 11, IFR 141, Faculté de Pharmacie, 92260 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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11
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Hsu FY, Chou LF, Hor LI, Chang HY. A human single-chain variable fragment targeting to Vibrio vulnificus RtxA toxin. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 84:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2010.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cheng WW, Allen TM. The use of single chain Fv as targeting agents for immunoliposomes: an update on immunoliposomal drugs for cancer treatment. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2010; 7:461-78. [PMID: 20331354 PMCID: PMC4006819 DOI: 10.1517/17425240903579963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Targeted liposomal drugs represent the next evolution of liposomal drug delivery in cancer treatment. In various preclinical cancer models, antibody-targeted PEGylated liposomal drugs have demonstrated superior therapeutic effects over their non-targeted counterparts. Single chain Fv (scFv) has gained popularity in recent years as the targeting agent of choice over traditional targeting agents such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and antibody fragments (e.g., Fab'). AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review is focused mainly on advances in scFv-targeted liposomal drug delivery for the treatment of cancers, based on a survey of the recent literature, and on experiments done in a murine model of human B-lymphoma, using anti-CD19 targeted liposomes targeted with whole mAb, Fab' fragments and scFv fragments. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN This review examines the recent advances in PEGylated immunoliposomal drug delivery, focusing on scFv fragments as targeting agents, in comparison with Fab' and mAb. TAKE HOME MESSAGE For clinical development, scFv are potentially preferred targeting agents for PEGylated liposomes over mAb and Fab', owing to factors such as decreased immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics/biodistribution profiles that are similar to non-targeted PEGylated (Stealth) liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Cheng
- Centre for Drug Research & Development, 364-2259 Lower Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Grading the commercial optical biosensor literature-Class of 2008: 'The Mighty Binders'. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:1-64. [PMID: 20017116 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Optical biosensor technology continues to be the method of choice for label-free, real-time interaction analysis. But when it comes to improving the quality of the biosensor literature, education should be fundamental. Of the 1413 articles published in 2008, less than 30% would pass the requirements for high-school chemistry. To teach by example, we spotlight 10 papers that illustrate how to implement the technology properly. Then we grade every paper published in 2008 on a scale from A to F and outline what features make a biosensor article fabulous, middling or abysmal. To help improve the quality of published data, we focus on a few experimental, analysis and presentation mistakes that are alarmingly common. With the literature as a guide, we want to ensure that no user is left behind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Rich
- Center for Biomolecular Interaction Analysis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Arcangeli C, Cantale C, Galeffi P, Rosato V. Structure and dynamics of the anti-AMCV scFv(F8): effects of selected mutations on the antigen combining site. J Struct Biol 2008; 164:119-33. [PMID: 18662789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2008] [Revised: 06/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant antibody fragment scFv(F8), which recognizes the coat protein of the plant virus AMCV, is characterized by peculiar high in vitro stability and functional folding even in reducing environments, making it fit for designing stable antibodies with desired properties. Mutagenesis and functional analysis evidenced two residues, at positions 47 and 58 of the V(H) chain, playing a crucial role in the antigen binding recognition. Here, we used a computational procedure to assess the effects of these mutations on the stability, structure and dynamics of the antigen-binding site. Structural models of the wild type scFv(F8) and of its H47 and H58 mutants were built by homology modelling and assessed by multiple 15.5ns of molecular dynamics simulations. Computational results indicate that the 47H substitution strongly affects the CDR-H(2) conformation, destabilizes the V(H)/V(L) interface and confers high conformational flexibility to the antigen-binding site, leading the mutant to functional loss. The mutation at position H58 strenghtens the binding site, bestowing a high antigen specificity on the mutant. The essential dynamics and the analysis of the protein-solvent interface further corroborate the correspondence between the extent of the structurally-determined flexibility of the binding site with the different functional behaviours proved by the wild-type and its mutants. These results may have useful implications for structure-based design of antibody combining site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Arcangeli
- ENEA, Dipartimento FIM, Sezione Calcolo e Modellistica, CR Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, I-00123 Rome, Italy.
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