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Boshoff A. Chaperonin: Co-chaperonin Interactions. Subcell Biochem 2023; 101:213-246. [PMID: 36520309 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14740-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Co-chaperonins function together with chaperonins to mediate ATP-dependent protein folding in a variety of cellular compartments. Chaperonins are evolutionarily conserved and form two distinct classes, namely, group I and group II chaperonins. GroEL and its co-chaperonin GroES form part of group I and are the archetypal members of this family of protein folding machines. The unique mechanism used by GroEL and GroES to drive protein folding is embedded in the complex architecture of double-ringed complexes, forming two central chambers that undergo conformational rearrangements that enable protein folding to occur. GroES forms a lid over the chamber and in doing so dislodges bound substrate into the chamber, thereby allowing non-native proteins to fold in isolation. GroES also modulates allosteric transitions of GroEL. Group II chaperonins are functionally similar to group I chaperonins but differ in structure and do not require a co-chaperonin. A significant number of bacteria and eukaryotes house multiple chaperonin and co-chaperonin proteins, many of which have acquired additional intracellular and extracellular biological functions. In some instances, co-chaperonins display contrasting functions to those of chaperonins. Human HSP60 (HSPD) continues to play a key role in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, in particular autoimmune diseases and cancer. A greater understanding of the fascinating roles of both intracellular and extracellular Hsp10 on cellular processes will accelerate the development of techniques to treat diseases associated with the chaperonin family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Boshoff
- Biotechnology Innovation Centre, Rhodes University, Makhanda/Grahamstown, South Africa.
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Sousa SA, Seixas AMM, Marques JMM, Leitão JH. Immunization and Immunotherapy Approaches against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia Complex Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060670. [PMID: 34207253 PMCID: PMC8234409 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infections caused by the opportunist pathogens Burkholderia cepacia complex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are of particular concern due to their severity, their multiple antibiotic resistance, and the limited eradication efficiency of the current available treatments. New therapeutic options have been pursued, being vaccination strategies to prevent or limit these infections as a rational approach to tackle these infections. In this review, immunization and immunotherapy approaches currently available and under study against these bacterial pathogens is reviewed. Ongoing active and passive immunization clinical trials against P. aeruginosa infections is also reviewed. Novel identified bacterial targets and their possible exploitation for the development of immunization and immunotherapy strategies against P. aeruginosa and B. cepacia complex and infections are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia A. Sousa
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.A.S.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +351-218417688 (J.H.L.)
| | - António M. M. Seixas
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana M. M. Marques
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.)
| | - Jorge H. Leitão
- Department of Bioengineering, IBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (A.M.M.S.); (J.M.M.M.)
- Associate Laboratory, i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.A.S.); (J.H.L.); Tel.: +351-218417688 (J.H.L.)
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Rauch J, Barton J, Kwiatkowski M, Wunderlich M, Steffen P, Moderzynski K, Papp S, Höhn K, Schwanke H, Witt S, Richardt U, Mehlhoop U, Schlüter H, Pianka V, Fleischer B, Tappe D, Osterloh A. GroEL is an immunodominant surface-exposed antigen of Rickettsia typhi. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253084. [PMID: 34111210 PMCID: PMC8191997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rickettsioses are neglected and emerging potentially fatal febrile diseases that are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria, rickettsiae. Rickettsia (R.) typhi and R. prowazekii constitute the typhus group (TG) of rickettsiae and are the causative agents of endemic and epidemic typhus, respectively. We recently generated a monoclonal antibody (BNI52) against R. typhi. Characterization of BNI52 revealed that it specifically recognizes TG rickettsiae but not the members of the spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae. We further show that BNI52 binds to protein fragments of ±30 kDa that are exposed on the bacterial surface and also present in the periplasmic space. These protein fragments apparently derive from the cytosolic GroEL protein of R. typhi and are also recognized by antibodies in the sera from patients and infected mice. Furthermore, BNI52 opsonizes the bacteria for the uptake by antigen presenting cells (APC), indicating a contribution of GroEL-specific antibodies to protective immunity. Finally, it is interesting that the GroEL protein belongs to 32 proteins that are differentially downregulated by R. typhi after passage through immunodeficient BALB/c CB17 SCID mice. This could be a hint that the rickettsia GroEL protein may have immunomodulatory properties as shown for the homologous protein from several other bacteria, too. Overall, the results of this study provide evidence that GroEL represents an immunodominant antigen of TG rickettsiae that is recognized by the humoral immune response against these pathogens and that may be interesting as a vaccine candidate. Apart from that, the BNI52 antibody represents a new tool for specific detection of TG rickettsiae in various diagnostic and experimental setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rauch
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Barton
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Malte Wunderlich
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Steffen
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Papp
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Höhn
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hella Schwanke
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Witt
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulricke Richardt
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ute Mehlhoop
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Verena Pianka
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Tappe
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anke Osterloh
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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Immunoproteomic analysis of Clostridium botulinum type B secretome for identification of immunogenic proteins against botulism. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1019-1036. [PMID: 33629143 PMCID: PMC7904509 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To identify immunogenic proteins of C. botulinum type B secretome by immunoproteomic analysis. Results In the present study, an attempt was made to elucidate the vaccine candidates/diagnostic molecules against botulism using immuno proteomic approach. C. botulinum type B secretome was elucidated when it was grown in TPGY as well as CMM media. Predominant 51 proteins were identified in both the media using 2-DE and mass spectrometry analysis. 2D gels (CMM & TPGY) were probed with respected proteins mice antiserum and obtained 17 and 10 immunogenic proteins in TPGY as well as CMM media respectively. Hypothetical protein CLOSPO_00563, ornithine carbamoyl transferase, FlaA, molecular chaperone GroEL and secreted protease proteins were found as the common immuno dominant proteins in both media. Polyclonal Antibodies raised against C. botulinum types A and E showed cross-reactivity with secretome C. botulinum type B at the lowest dilution (1:1000) but did not show cross reactivity with highest dilution (1:30,000) with C. botulinum type B secretome. Polyclonal antibodies against C. botulinum type F secretome did not show cross reactivity with C. botulinum type B secretome. Conclusions Identified immunogenic proteins can be used as vaccine candidates and diagnostic markers for the infant and wound botulism but common immunogenic proteins may be the best vaccine candidate molecule for development of vaccine as well as diagnostic system against the infant and wound botulism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10529-021-03091-4.
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Abstract
Over the last decades, rickettsioses are emerging worldwide. These diseases are caused by intracellular bacteria. Although rickettsioses can be treated with antibiotics, a vaccine against rickettsiae is highly desired for several reasons. Rickettsioses are highly prevalent, especially in poor countries, and there are indications of the development of antibiotic resistance. In addition, some rickettsiae can persist and cause recurrent disease. The development of a vaccine requires the understanding of the immune mechanisms that are involved in protection as well as in immunopathology. Knowledge about these immune responses is accumulating, and efforts have been undertaken to identify antigenic components of rickettsiae that may be useful as a vaccine. This review provides an overview on current knowledge of adaptive immunity against rickettsiae, which is essential for defense, rickettsial antigens that have been identified so far, and on vaccination strategies that have been used in animal models of rickettsial infections.
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Kumar M, Puranik N, Varshney A, Tripathi N, Pal V, Goel AK. BA3338, a surface layer homology domain possessing protein augments immune response and protection efficacy of protective antigen against Bacillus anthracis in mouse model. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:443-452. [PMID: 32118336 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Category A classified Bacillus anthracis is highly fatal pathogen that causes anthrax and creates challenges for global security and public health. In this study, development of a safe and ideal next-generation subunit anthrax vaccine has been evaluated in mouse model. METHOD AND RESULTS Protective antigen (PA) and BA3338, a surface layer homology (SLH) domain possessing protein were cloned, expressed in heterologous system and purified by IMAC. Recombinant PA and BA3338 with alum were administered in mouse alone or in combination. The humoral and cell-mediated immune response was measured by ELISA and vaccinated animals were challenged with B. anthracis spores via intraperitoneal route. The circulating IgG antibody titre of anti-PA and anti-BA3338 was found significantly high in the first and second booster sera. A significant enhanced level of IL-4, IFN-γ and IL-12 was observed in antigens stimulated supernatant of splenocytes of PA + BA3338 vaccinated animals. A combination of PA and BA3338 provided 80% protection against 20 LD50 lethal dose of B. anthracis spores. CONCLUSION Both antigens induced admirable humoral and cellular immune response as well as protective efficacy against B. anthracis spores. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study has been evaluated for the first time using BA3338 as a vaccine candidate alone or in combination with well-known anthrax vaccine candidate PA. The findings of this study demonstrated that BA3338 could be a co-vaccine candidate for development of dual subunit vaccine against anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kumar
- Bioprocess Technology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - N Puranik
- Bioprocess Technology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - A Varshney
- Bioprocess Technology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - N Tripathi
- Bioprocess Technology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - V Pal
- Bioprocess Technology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
| | - A K Goel
- Bioprocess Technology Division, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, India
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Song JR, Fu YW, Li P, Du T, Du XJ, Wang S. Protective Effect of Recombinant Proteins of Cronobacter Sakazakii During Pregnancy on the Offspring. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:15. [PMID: 32076598 PMCID: PMC7006456 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is a food-borne pathogen carried in milk powder that can cause severe bacteremia, enterocolitis, and meningitis in newborns, which can lead to death of newborns. Preventing infection by this pathogen is significant to the health of newborns. Since infants and young children are the main target group of C. sakazakii, it is considered that maternal immunity can enhance the protection of newborns. Previous studies showed that two proteins of C. sakazakii (GroEL and OmpX) exhibited high expression levels and elicited strong immune reactions, suggesting their potential as vaccine candidates. In this study, GroEL and OmpX were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and purified as immunogens to immunize pregnant rats. Three days after birth, the progeny were challenged with C. sakazakii to determine the protective effect of maternal immunity on the offspring. The results showed that immunization during pregnancy decreased bacterial load in the brain and blood, reduced brain and intestine damage, and significantly increased specific antibody titers in the offspring. Immunization with the recombinant proteins significantly increased cytokine levels in the serum of the progeny. The group whose mothers were immunized with OmpX produced more IL-4, while the group whose mothers were immunized with GroEL produced more IFN-γ, indicating that the immunogens enhanced the Th2 and Th1 responses, respectively. However, although the immune response was induced by both proteins, only the offspring of the pregnant rats immunized with OmpX or OmpX/GroEL mixture showed delayed death, possibly because immunization with OmpX led to a stronger humoral immune response in the offspring, suggesting that OmpX was a better vaccine candidate than GroEL. This study first reported that exposure to C. sakazakii proteins during pregnancy could improve the offspring's ability to resist infection caused by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Rong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Wen Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Jun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Development of a novel chimeric PA-LF antigen of Bacillus anthracis, its immunological characterization and evaluation as a future vaccine candidate in mouse model. Biologicals 2019; 61:38-43. [PMID: 31416791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tremendous efforts are being made to develop an anthrax vaccine with long term protection. The main component of traditional anthrax vaccine is protective antigen (PA) with the trace amount of other proteins and bacterial components. In this study, we developed a recombinant PA-LF chimera antigen of Bacillus anthracis by fusing the PA domain 2-4 with lethal factor (LF) domain 1 and evaluated its protective potential against B. anthracis in mouse model. The anti-PA-LF chimera serum reacted with both PA and LF antigen, individually. The chimera elicited a strong antibody titer in mice with predominance of IgG1 isotype followed by IgG2b, IgG2a and IgG3. Cytokines were assessed in splenocytes of immunized mice and a significant up-regulation in the expression of IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α was observed. The PA-LF chimera immunized mice exhibited 80% survival after challenge with virulent spores of B. anthracis. Pathological studies showed normal architecture in vital organs (spleen, lung, liver and kidney) of recovered immunized mice on 20 DPI after spore challenge. These findings suggested that PA-LF chimera of B. anthracis elicited good humoral as well as cell mediated immune response in mice, and thus, can be a potent vaccine candidate against anthrax.
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Aggarwal S, Somani VK, Gupta S, Garg R, Bhatnagar R. Development of a novel multiepitope chimeric vaccine against anthrax. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 208:185-195. [PMID: 30671633 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis (BA), the etiological agent of anthrax, secretes protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF) as major virulence mediators. Amongst these, PA-based vaccines are most effective for providing immunity against BA, but their low shelf life limits their usage. Previous studies showed that B-cell epitopes, ID II and ID III present in PA domain IV possess higher toxin neutralization activity and elicit higher antibody titer than ID I. Moreover, N-terminal region of both LF and EF harbors PA-binding sites which share 100% identity with each other. Here, in this study, we have developed an epitope-based chimeric vaccine (ID-LFn) comprising ID II-ID III region of PA and N-terminal region of LF. We have also evaluated its protective efficacy as well as stability and found it to be more stable than PA-based vaccine. Binding reactivities of ID-LFn with anti-PA/LF/EF antibodies were determined by ELISA. The stability of chimeric vaccine was assessed using circular dichroism spectroscopy. ID-LFn response was characterized by toxin neutralization, lymphocyte proliferation isotyping and cytokine profiling. The protective efficacy was analyzed by challenging ID-LFn-immunized mice with B. anthracis (pXO1+ and pXO2+). ID-LFn was found to be significantly stable as compared to PA. Anti-ID-LFn antibodies recognized PA, LF as well as EF. The T-cell response and the protective efficacy of ID-LFn were found to be almost similar to PA. ID-LFn exhibits equal protective efficacy in mice and possesses more stability as compared to PA along with the capability of recognizing PA, LF and EF at the same time. Thus, it can be considered as an improved vaccine against anthrax with better shelf life. ID-LFn, a novel multiepitope chimeric anthrax vaccine: ID-LFn comprises of immunodominant epitopes of domain 4 of PA and N-terminal homologous stretch of LF and EF. The administration of this protein as a vaccine provides protection against anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Aggarwal
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, 63110, MO, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar Somani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rajni Garg
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560064, India
| | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- Banaras Hindu University, Banaras, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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Li W, Li Y, Hu YZ, Mo XB, Xu GH, Xie LW, Li AX. GroEL, a novel vaccine candidate of piscine Streptococcus agalactiae identified by immunoproteome. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:377-383. [PMID: 30308296 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae is the major etiological agent of streptococcosis, which is responsible for huge economic losses in fishery, particularly in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) aquaculture. A research priority to control streptococcosis is to develop vaccines, so we sought to figure out the immunogenic proteins of S. agalactiae and screen the vaccine candidates for streptococcosis in the present study. Immunoproteomics, a technique involving two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry (MS), was employed to investigate the immunogenic proteins of S. agalactiae THN0901. Whole-cell soluble proteins were separated using 2-DE, and the immunogenic proteins were detected by western blotting using rabbit anti-S. agalactiae sera. A total of 17 immunoreactive spots on the soluble protein profile, corresponding to 15 different proteins, were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Among the immunogenic proteins, GroEL attracted our attention as it was demonstrated to be immunogenic and protective against other streptococci. Nevertheless, to date, there have been no published reports on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of GroEL against piscine S. agalactiae. Therefore, recombinant GroEL (rGroEL) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and purified by affinity chromatography. Immunization of tilapia with rGroEL resulted in an increase in antibody titers and conferred protection against S. agalactiae, with the relative percentage survival of 68.61 ± 7.39%. The immunoproteome in the present study narrows the scope of vaccine candidates, and the evaluation of GroEL immunogenicity and protective efficacy shows that GroEL forms an ideal candidate molecule in subunit vaccine against S. agalactiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ya-Zhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xu-Bing Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Guo-Huan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Li-Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - An-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, The School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 135 Xingang West Street, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Majumder S, Das S, Somani V, Makam SS, Joseph KJ, Bhatnagar R. A bivalent protein r-PB, comprising PA and BclA immunodominant regions for comprehensive protection against Bacillus anthracis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7242. [PMID: 29740033 PMCID: PMC5940697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthrax infection is primarily initiated by B. anthracis endospores that on entry into the host germinate to vegetative cells and cause severe bacteremia and toxaemia employing an array of host colonisation factors and the lethal tripartite toxin. The protective efficacy of conventional protective antigen (PA) based anthrax vaccines is improved by co-administration with inactivated spores or its components. In the present study, using structural vaccinology rationale we synthesized a bivalent protein r-PB encompassing toxin (PAIV) and spore components (BclACTD) and characterized its protective efficacy against B. anthracis infection. Active immunization of mice with r-PB generated high titer circulating antibodies which facilitated the phagocytic uptake of spores, inhibited their germination to vegetative cells and completely neutralized anthrax toxins in vivo resulting in 100 % survival against anthrax toxin challenge. Proliferation of CD4+ T cell subsets with up-regulation of Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12), Th2 (IL-5, IL-10) cytokines and balanced expression of IgG1:IgG2a antibody isotypes indicated the stimulation of both Th1 and Th2 subsets. The immunized mice exhibited 100 % survival upon challenge with B. anthracis spores or toxin indicating the ability of r-PB to provide comprehensive protection against anthrax. Our results thus demonstrate r-PB an efficient vaccine candidate against anthrax infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saugata Majumder
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Defence Research Development Organisation, Mysore, 570011, India
| | - Shreya Das
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Defence Research Development Organisation, Mysore, 570011, India
| | - Vikas Somani
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shivakiran S Makam
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Defence Research Development Organisation, Mysore, 570011, India
| | - Kingston J Joseph
- Microbiology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory, Defence Research Development Organisation, Mysore, 570011, India.
| | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Sharma A, Ponmariappan S, Sarita R, Alam SI, Kamboj DV, Shukla S. Identification of Cross Reactive Antigens of C. botulinum Types A, B, E & F by Immunoproteomic Approach. Curr Microbiol 2018; 75:531-540. [PMID: 29332140 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Diseases triggered by microorganisms can be controlled by vaccines, which need neutralizing antigens. Hence, it is very crucial to identify extremely efficient immunogens for immune prevention. Botulism, a fatal neuroparalytic disease, is caused by botulinum neurotoxins produced by the anaerobic, Gram-positive spore-forming bacteria, Clostridium botulinum. Food-borne botulism and iatrogenic botulism are caused by botulinum toxin. Wound botulism, infant botulism, and adult intestinal botulism are caused by primarily C. botulinum followed by secondary intoxication. To identify protective antigens, whole cell proteome of C. botulinum type B was separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. 2-D gel of whole cell proteins was probed with hyper immune sera of whole cell proteins of C. botulinum types A, E, and F. Six cross immunoreactive proteins were identified. These immunoreactive proteins will be further tested for developing vaccines and serodiagnostic markers against botulism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Sharma
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, 474 002, India.
| | | | - Rani Sarita
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, 474 002, India
| | - Syed Imtiaz Alam
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, 474 002, India
| | - Dev Vrat Kamboj
- Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, 474 002, India
| | - Sangeeta Shukla
- School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University Gwalior, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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13
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Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkC-mediated regulation of GroEL is critical for biofilm formation in Bacillus anthracis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2017. [PMID: 28649408 PMCID: PMC5460178 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-017-0015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PrkC is a conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase encoded in Bacillus anthracis genome. PrkC is shown to be important for B. anthracis pathogenesis, but little is known about its other functions and phosphorylated substrates. Systemic analyses indicate the compelling role of PrkC in phosphorylating multiple substrates, including the essential chaperone GroEL. Through mass spectrometry, we identified that PrkC phosphorylates GroEL on six threonine residues that are distributed in three canonical regions. Phosphorylation facilitates the oligomerization of GroEL to the physiologically active tetradecameric state and increases its affinity toward the co-chaperone GroES. Deletion of prkC in B. anthracis abrogates its ability to form biofilm. Overexpression of native GroEL recovers the biofilm-forming ability of prkC deletion strain. Similar overexpression of GroEL phosphorylation site mutants (Thr to Ala) does not augment biofilm formation. Further analyses indicate the phosphorylation of GroEL in diverse bacterial species. Thus, our results suggest that PrkC regulates biofilm formation by modulating the GroEL activity in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The study deciphers the molecular signaling events that are important for biofilm formation in B. anthracis. An enzyme that adds phosphate groups to other proteins, PrkC, mediates molecular signaling events that allow anthrax bacteria to form biofilms. Bacillus anthracis is widely used as a model to explore the formation of biofilms that allows many bacterial infections to resist immune defenses. An international research team led by Yogendra Singh and Andaleeb Sajid at the CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology in Delhi, India, studied the bacterial protein kinase PrkC. The researchers found that PrkC phosphorylates a “chaperone” protein that assist the assembly and disassembly of other protein-based structures. This signaling protein and the chaperone help in biofilm formation. Establishing this link in the signaling chain leading to biofilms will guide future research to combat the role of biofilms in disease.
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14
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Heinson AI, Gunawardana Y, Moesker B, Hume CCD, Vataga E, Hall Y, Stylianou E, McShane H, Williams A, Niranjan M, Woelk CH. Enhancing the Biological Relevance of Machine Learning Classifiers for Reverse Vaccinology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020312. [PMID: 28157153 PMCID: PMC5343848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse vaccinology (RV) is a bioinformatics approach that can predict antigens with protective potential from the protein coding genomes of bacterial pathogens for subunit vaccine design. RV has become firmly established following the development of the BEXSERO® vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. RV studies have begun to incorporate machine learning (ML) techniques to distinguish bacterial protective antigens (BPAs) from non-BPAs. This research contributes significantly to the RV field by using permutation analysis to demonstrate that a signal for protective antigens can be curated from published data. Furthermore, the effects of the following on an ML approach to RV were also assessed: nested cross-validation, balancing selection of non-BPAs for subcellular localization, increasing the training data, and incorporating greater numbers of protein annotation tools for feature generation. These enhancements yielded a support vector machine (SVM) classifier that could discriminate BPAs (n = 200) from non-BPAs (n = 200) with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.787. In addition, hierarchical clustering of BPAs revealed that intracellular BPAs clustered separately from extracellular BPAs. However, no immediate benefit was derived when training SVM classifiers on data sets exclusively containing intra- or extracellular BPAs. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that ML classifiers have great utility in RV approaches and will lead to new subunit vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley I Heinson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | | | - Bastiaan Moesker
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Carmen C Denman Hume
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Department of Pathogen Molecular BiologyLondon WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Elena Vataga
- Solutions, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Yper Hall
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
| | - Elena Stylianou
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Ann Williams
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK.
| | - Mahesan Niranjan
- Department of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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15
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Vinod Kumar K, Lall C, Vimal Raj R, Vedhagiri K, Kartick C, Surya P, Natarajaseenivasan K, Vijayachari P. Overexpression of heat shock GroEL stress protein in leptospiral biofilm. Microb Pathog 2016; 102:8-11. [PMID: 27865827 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Leptospira is the causative agent of leptospirosis, which is an emerging zoonotic disease. Recent studies on Leptospira have demonstrated biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. The protein expressed in the biofilm was investigated by using SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting in combination with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The proteins expressed in Leptospira biofilm and planktonic cells was analyzed and compared. Among these proteins, one (60 kDa) was found to overexpress in biofilm as compared to the planktonic cells. MALDI-TOF analysis identified this protein as stress and heat shock chaperone GroEL. Our findings demonstrate that GroEL is associated with Leptospira biofilm. GroEL is conserved, highly immunogenic and a prominent stress response protein in pathogenic Leptospira spp., which may have clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vinod Kumar
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis, Reference, Research and Training in Leptospirosis, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Chandan Lall
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis, Reference, Research and Training in Leptospirosis, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - R Vimal Raj
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis, Reference, Research and Training in Leptospirosis, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - K Vedhagiri
- National Hub for Healthcare Instrumentation Development (NHHID), Centre for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - C Kartick
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis, Reference, Research and Training in Leptospirosis, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - P Surya
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis, Reference, Research and Training in Leptospirosis, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - K Natarajaseenivasan
- Bharathidasan University, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India
| | - P Vijayachari
- Regional Medical Research Centre (ICMR), WHO Collaborating Centre for Diagnosis, Reference, Research and Training in Leptospirosis, Port Blair 744101, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.
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16
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Liu F, Tang X, Sheng X, Xing J, Zhan W. DNA vaccine encoding molecular chaperone GroEL of Edwardsiella tarda confers protective efficacy against edwardsiellosis. Mol Immunol 2016; 79:55-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Yi L, Wang Y, Ma Z, Lin HX, Xu B, Grenier D, Fan HJ, Lu CP. Identification and characterization of a Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus immunogenic GroEL protein involved in biofilm formation. Vet Res 2016; 47:50. [PMID: 27089967 PMCID: PMC4834820 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus equi ssp. zooepidemicus (S. equi spp. zooepidemicus) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes major economic losses in the swine industry in China and is also a threat for human health. Biofilm formation by this bacterium has been previously reported. In this study, we used an immunoproteomic approach to search for immunogenic proteins expressed by biofilm-grown S. equi spp. zooepidemicus. Seventeen immunoreactive proteins were found, of which nine common immunoreactive proteins were identified in planktonic and biofilm-grown bacteria. The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the S. equi spp. zooepidemicus immunoreactive GroEL chaperone protein was further investigated in mice. The protein was expressed in vivo and elicited high antibody titers following S. equi spp. zooepidemicus infections of mice. An animal challenge experiment with S. equi spp. zooepidemicus showed that 75% of mice immunized with the GroEL protein were protected. Using in vitro biofilm inhibition assays, evidence was obtained that the chaperonin GroEL may represent a promising target for the prevention and treatment of persistent S. equi spp. zooepidemicus biofilm infections. In summary, our results suggest that the recombinant GroEL protein, which is involved in biofilm formation, may efficiently stimulate an immune response, which protects against S. equi spp. zooepidemicus infections. It may therefore be a candidate of interest to be included in vaccines against S. equi spp. zooepidemicus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Xing Lin
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche En Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Hong-Jie Fan
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
| | - Cheng-Ping Lu
- Key Lab of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Somani VK, Aggarwal S, Singh D, Prasad T, Bhatnagar R. Identification of Novel Raft Marker Protein, FlotP in Bacillus anthracis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:169. [PMID: 26925042 PMCID: PMC4756111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are dynamic, nanoscale assemblies of specific proteins and lipids, distributed heterogeneously on eukaryotic membrane. Flotillin-1, a conserved eukaryotic raft marker protein (RMP) harbor SPFH (Stomatin, Prohibitin, Flotillin, and HflK/C) and oligomerization domains to regulate various cellular processes through its interactions with other signaling or transport proteins. Rafts were thought to be absent in prokaryotes hitherto, but recent report of its presence and significance in physiology of Bacillus subtilis prompted us to investigate the same in pathogenic bacteria (PB) also. In prokaryotes, proteins of SPFH2a subfamily show highest identity to SPFH domain of Flotillin-1. Moreover, bacterial genome organization revealed that Flotillin homolog harboring SPFH2a domain exists in an operon with an upstream gene containing NFeD domain. Here, presence of RMP in PB was initially investigated in silico by analyzing the presence of SPFH2a, oligomerization domains in the concerned gene and NfeD domain in the adjacent upstream gene. After investigating 300 PB, four were found to harbor RMP. Among them, domains of Bas0525 (FlotP) of Bacillus anthracis (BA) showed highest identity with characteristic domains of RMP. Considering the global threat of BA as the bioterror agent, it was selected as a model for further in vitro characterization of rafts in PB. In silico and in vitro analysis showed significant similarity of FlotP with numerous attributes of Flotillin-1. Its punctate distribution on membrane with exclusive localization in detergent resistant membrane fraction; strongly favors presence of raft with RMP FlotP in BA. Furthermore, significant effect of Zaragozic acid (ZA), a raft associated lipid biosynthesis inhibitor, on several patho-physiological attributes of BA such as growth, morphology, membrane rigidity etc., were also observed. Specifically, a considerable decrease in membrane rigidity, strongly recommended presence of an unknown raft associated lipid molecule on membrane of BA. In addition, treatment with ZA decreased secretion of anthrax toxins and FlotP expression, suggesting potential role of raft in pathogenesis and physiology of BA. Thus, the present study not only suggest the existence and role of raft like entity in pathophysiology of BA but also its possible use for the development of novel drugs or vaccines against anthrax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas K Somani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India
| | - Somya Aggarwal
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India
| | - Damini Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi, India
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19
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Characterization of the chaperonin GroEL in Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Arch Microbiol 2014; 197:235-44. [PMID: 25304689 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-1047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a common and widespread cause of chronic respiratory disease in poultry. In this study, antigenic proteins were identified from MG membrane using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis followed by Western blot and matrix-assisted desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), including translation elongation factor Tu, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, trigger factor, chaperone protein DnaK, heat shock protein GroEL and so on. Furthermore, recombinant MG GroEL protein was successfully expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) with pET-28a (+) vector and found to possess ATPase activity and contributed to the refolding of recombinant MG PrpC protein. Complement-dependent bactericidal assay indicated that the rabbit antisera against MG rGroEL had satisfactory bactericidal effect, which is similar to the chicken antisera induced by MG-inactivated vaccine, suggesting MG GroEL is a protective antigen, could be used as a novel vaccine candidate. This study is the first report of the biological characterization of chaperone GroEL protein in MG.
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20
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Rieu A, Aoudia N, Jego G, Chluba J, Yousfi N, Briandet R, Deschamps J, Gasquet B, Monedero V, Garrido C, Guzzo J. The biofilm mode of life boosts the anti-inflammatory properties of Lactobacillus. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1836-53. [PMID: 25052472 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The predominant form of life for microorganisms in their natural habitats is the biofilm mode of growth. The adherence and colonization of probiotic bacteria are considered as essential factors for their immunoregulatory function in the host. Here, we show that Lactobacillus casei ATCC334 adheres to and colonizes the gut of zebrafish larvae. The abundance of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of macrophages were low when inflammation was induced in probiotic-fed animals, suggesting that these bacteria have anti-inflammatory properties. We treated human macrophage-differentiated monocytic THP-1 cells with supernatants of L. casei ATCC334 grown in either biofilm or planktonic cultures. TNF-α production was suppressed and the NF-κB pathway was inhibited only in the presence of supernatants from biofilms. We identified GroEL as the biofilm supernatant compound responsible, at least partially, for this anti-inflammatory effect. Gradual immunodepletion of GroEL demonstrated that the abundance of GroEL and TNF-α were inversely correlated. We confirmed that biofilm development in other Lactobacillus species affects the immune response. The biofilms supernatants of these species also contained large amounts of GroEL. Thus, our results demonstrate that the biofilm enhances the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus sp. and that secreted GroEL is involved in this beneficial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Rieu
- UMR A PAM Université de Bourgogne-AgroSup Dijon - équipe Vin, Aliment, Microbiologie, Stress, 21000, Dijon, France
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21
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Induction of boosted immune response in mice by leptospiral surface proteins expressed in fusion with DnaK. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:564285. [PMID: 25110682 PMCID: PMC4109591 DOI: 10.1155/2014/564285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is an important global disease of human and veterinary concern. Caused by pathogenic Leptospira, the illness was recently classified as an emerging infectious disease. Currently available veterinarian vaccines do not induce long-term protection against infection and do not provide cross-protective immunity. Several studies have suggested the use of DnaK as an antigen in vaccine formulation, due to an exceptional degree of immunogenicity. We focused on four surface proteins: rLIC10368 (Lsa21), rLIC10494, rLIC12690 (Lp95), and rLIC12730, previously shown to be involved in host-pathogen interactions. Our goal was to evaluate the immunogenicity of the proteins genetically fused with DnaK in animal model. The chosen genes were amplified by PCR methodology and cloned into pAE, an E. coli vector. The recombinant proteins were expressed alone or in fusion with DnaK at the N-terminus. Our results demonstrate that leptospiral proteins fused with DnaK have elicited an enhanced immune response in mice when compared to the effect promoted by the individual proteins. The boosted immune effect was demonstrated by the production of total IgG, lymphocyte proliferation, and significant amounts of IL-10 in supernatant of splenocyte cell cultures. We believe that this approach could be employed in vaccines to enhance presentation of antigens of Leptospira to professional immune cells.
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Jaiswal V, Chauhan RS, Rout C. Common antigens prediction in bacterial bioweapons: a perspective for vaccine design. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2013; 21:315-9. [PMID: 24300889 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bioweapons (BWs) are a serious threat to mankind and the lack of efficient vaccines against bacterial bioweapons (BBWs) further worsens the situation in face of BW attack. Experts believe that difficulties in detection and ease in dissemination of deadly pathogens make BW a better option for attack compared to nuclear weapons. Molecular biology techniques facilitate the use of genetically modified BBWs thus creating uncertainty on which bacteria will be used for BW attack. In the present work, available resources such as proteomic sequences of BBWs, protective antigenic proteins (PAPs) reported in Protegen database and VaxiJen dataset, and immunogenic epitopes in immune epitope database (IEDB) were used to predict potential broad-specific vaccine candidates against BBWs. Comparison of proteomes sequences of BBWs and their analyses using in-house PERL scripts identified 44 conserved proteins and many of them were known to be immunogenic. Comparison of conserved proteins against PAPs identified six either as PAPs or their homologues with a potential of providing protection against multiple pathogens. Similarly, mapping of conserved proteins against experimentally known IEDB epitopes identified six epitopes which had exact epitope match in four proteins including three from earlier predicted six PAPs. These epitopes were also reported to provide protection against several pathogens. In the backdrop of conserved heat shock GroEL protein from Salmonella enterica providing protection against five diverse bacterial pathogens involved in different diseases, and synthetic proteins produced by combination of epitopes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 4 viruses providing protection against both bacterium and viruses, the identified putative immunogenic conserved proteins and immune-protective epitopes can further be explored for their potential as broad-specific vaccine candidates against BBWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Jaiswal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173234, India.
| | - Rajinder S Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173234, India.
| | - Chittaranjan Rout
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173234, India.
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Péchiné S, Hennequin C, Boursier C, Hoys S, Collignon A. Immunization using GroEL decreases Clostridium difficile intestinal colonization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81112. [PMID: 24303034 PMCID: PMC3841151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a pathogen which is responsible for diarrhea and colitis, particularly after treatment with antibiotics. Clinical signs are mainly due to two toxins, TcdA and TcdB. However, the first step of pathogenesis is the colonization process. We evaluated C. difficile surface proteins as vaccine antigens in the hamster model to prevent intestinal colonization. This vaccination induced a partial protection of hamsters against death after a C. difficile challenge. A proteomic analysis of animal sera allowed us to identify proteins which could be responsible for the protection observed. Among these proteins, we identified the GroEL heat shock protein. To confirm the role of the specific GroEL antibodies in the delayed C. difficile colonization of hamsters, we performed an immunization assay in a mouse model. After intranasal immunization with the recombinant protein GroEL, we observed a lower C. difficile intestinal colonization in the immunized group as compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Péchiné
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Equipe d’Accueil 4043, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Claire Hennequin
- Clermont Université, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome Environnement, Université d’Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Céline Boursier
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, plate-forme TransProt, Institut Paris-Sud d'innovation thérapeutique, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sandra Hoys
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Equipe d’Accueil 4043, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Anne Collignon
- Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Equipe d’Accueil 4043, Unité Sous Contrat Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Shinoy M, Dennehy R, Coleman L, Carberry S, Schaffer K, Callaghan M, Doyle S, McClean S. Immunoproteomic analysis of proteins expressed by two related pathogens, Burkholderia multivorans and Burkholderia cenocepacia, during human infection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80796. [PMID: 24260482 PMCID: PMC3829912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that causes chronic infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). It is a highly antibiotic resistant organism and Bcc infections are rarely cleared from patients, once they are colonized. The two most clinically relevant species within Bcc are Burkholderia cenocepacia and Burkholderia multivorans. The virulence of these pathogens has not been fully elucidated and the virulence proteins expressed during human infection have not been identified to date. Furthermore, given its antibiotic resistance, prevention of infection with a prophylactic vaccine may represent a better alternative than eradication of an existing infection. We have compared the immunoproteome of two strains each from these two species of Bcc, with the aim of identifying immunogenic proteins which are common to both species. Fourteen immunoreactive proteins were exclusive to both B. cenocepacia strains, while 15 were exclusive to B. multivorans. A total of 15 proteins were immunogenic across both species. DNA-directed RNA polymerase, GroEL, 38kDa porin and elongation factor-Tu were immunoreactive proteins expressed by all four strains examined. Many proteins which were immunoreactive in both species, warrant further investigations in order to aid in the elucidation of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of this difficult organism. In addition, identification of some of these could also allow the development of protective vaccines which may prevent colonisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu Shinoy
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ruth Dennehy
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Coleman
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen Carberry
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kirsten Schaffer
- Department of Microbiology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Máire Callaghan
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Siobhán McClean
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre of Applied Science for Health, ITT Dublin, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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25
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Dennehy R, McClean S. Immunoproteomics: the key to discovery of new vaccine antigens against bacterial respiratory infections. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2013; 13:807-15. [PMID: 23305366 PMCID: PMC3594738 DOI: 10.2174/138920312804871184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The increase in antibiotic resistance and the shortage of new antimicrobials to prevent difficult bacterial infections underlines the importance of prophylactic therapies to prevent infection by bacterial pathogens. Vaccination has reduced the incidence of many serious diseases, including respiratory bacterial infections. However, there are many pathogens for which no vaccine is available and some vaccines are not effective among all age groups or among immunocompromised individuals. Immunoproteomics is a powerful technique which has been used to identify potential vaccine candidates to protect against pathogenic bacteria. The combination of proteomics with the detection of immunoreactive antigens using serum highlights immunogenic proteins that are expressed during infection. This is particularly useful when patient serum is used as the antigens that promote a humoral response during human infection are identified. This review outlines examples of vaccine candidates that have been identified using immunoproteomics and have successfully protected animals against challenge when tested in immunisation studies. Many immunoreactive proteins are common to several unrelated pathogens, however some of these are not always protective in animal immunisation and challenge studies. Furthermore, examples of well-established immunogens, including Bordetella pertussis antigen FHA were not detected in immunoproteomics studies, indicating that this technology may underrepresent the immunoreactive proteins in a pathogen. Although only one step in the pathway towards an efficacious approved vaccine, immunoproteomics is an important technology in the identification of novel vaccine antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dennehy
- Centre of Microbial Host Interactions, Centre of Applied Science for Health, Institute of Technology Tallaght, Old Blessington Road, Dublin 24, Ireland
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Phillips R, Williams JN, Tan WM, Bielecka MK, Thompson H, Hung MC, Heckels JE, Christodoulides M. Immunization with recombinant Chaperonin60 (Chp60) outer membrane protein induces a bactericidal antibody response against Neisseria meningitidis. Vaccine 2013; 31:2584-90. [PMID: 23566947 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sera from individuals colonized with Neisseria meningitidis and from patients with meningococcal disease contain antibodies specific for the neisserial heat-shock/chaperonin (Chp)60 protein. In this study, immunization of mice with recombinant (r)Chp60 in saline; adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide; in liposomes and detergent micelles, with and without the adjuvant MonoPhosphoryl Lipid A (MPLA), induced high and similar (p>0.05) levels of antibodies that recognized Chp60 in outer membranes (OM). FACS analysis and immuno-fluorescence experiments demonstrated that Chp60 was surface-expressed on meningococci. By western blotting, murine anti-rChp60 sera recognized a protein of Mr 60kDa in meningococcal cell lysates. However, cross-reactivity with human HSP60 protein was also observed. By comparing translated protein sequences of strains, 40 different alleles were found in meningococci in the Bacterial Isolate Genome Sequence database with an additional 5 new alleles found in our selection of 13 other strains from colonized individuals and patients. Comparison of the non-redundant translated amino acid sequences from all the strains revealed ≥97% identity between meningococcal Chp60 proteins, and in our 13 strains the protein was expressed to high and similar levels. Bactericidal antibodies (median reciprocal titres of 32-64) against the homologous strain MC58 were induced by immunization with rChp60 in liposomes, detergent micelles and on Al(OH)3. Bactericidal activity was influenced by the addition of MPLA and the delivery formulation used. Moreover, the biological activity of anti-Chp60 antisera did not extend significantly to heterologous meningococcal strains. Thus, in order to provide broad coverage, vaccines based on Chp60 would require multiple proteins and specific bactericidal epitope identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Phillips
- Neisseria Research Group, Molecular Microbiology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Sir Henry Wellcome Laboratories, University of Southampton Medical School, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO166YD, United Kingdom
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27
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Wang J, Du XJ, Lu XN, Wang S. Immunoproteomic identification of immunogenic proteins in Cronobacter sakazakii strain BAA-894. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:2077-91. [PMID: 23371297 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 01/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cronobacter spp. are emerging opportunistic pathogens. Cronobacter sakazakii is considered as the predominant species in all infections. So far, our understanding of the species' immunogens and potential virulence factors of Cronobacter spp. remains limited. In this study, an immunoproteomic approach was used to investigate soluble and insoluble proteins from the genome-sequenced strain C. sakazakii ATCC BAA-894. Proteins were separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis, detected by Western blotting with polyclonal antibodies of C. sakazakii BAA-894, and identified using tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS and MALDI-MS/MS, MS/MSMS). A total of 11 immunoreactive proteins were initially identified in C. sakazakii BAA-894, including two outer membrane proteins, four periplasmic proteins, and five cytoplasmic proteins. In silico functional analysis of the 11 identified proteins indicated three proteins that were initially described as immunogens of pathogenic bacteria. For the remaining eight proteins, one protein was categorized as a potential virulence factor involved in protection against reactive oxygen species, and seven proteins were considered to play potential roles in adhesion, invasion, and biofilm formation. To our knowledge, this is the first time that immunogenic proteins of C. sakazakii BAA-894 have been identified as immunogens and potential virulence factors by an immunoproteomics approach. Future studies should investigate the roles of these proteins in bacterial pathogenesis and modulation of host immune responses during infection to identify their potential as molecular therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
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Friedlander AM, Grabenstein JD, Brachman PS. Anthrax vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-0090-5.00022-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Sinha K, Bhatnagar R. Recombinant GroEL enhances protective antigen-mediated protection against Bacillus anthracis spore challenge. Med Microbiol Immunol 2012; 202:153-65. [PMID: 23263010 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-012-0280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The fatal inhalation infection caused by Bacillus anthracis results from a complex pathogenic cycle involving release of toxins by bacteria that germinate from spores. Currently available vaccines against anthrax consist of protective antigen (PA), one of the anthrax toxin components. However, these PA-based vaccines are only partially protective against spore challenge in mice. This shows that exclusive elicitation of high anti-PA titer does not directly correlate with protection. Here, we demonstrate that inclusion of GroEL of B. anthracis with PA elicits enhanced protection against anthrax spore challenge in mice. GroEL was included as it has been reported to be present both on the exosporium and in the secretome in addition to the cell surface of B. anthracis. It has also been found protective against other pathogens. In the present study, immunization with GroEL alone was also potent enough to induce high humoral and cell-mediated response and significantly prolonged the mean time to death in spore-challenged mice. As a surface antigen, opsonization of spores with anti-GroEL IgG showed increased uptake of treated spores and therefore accelerated rate of spore destruction by phagocytic cells leading to the protection of mice. We found that GroEL was able to enhance nitric oxide release from lymphocytes and also reduce bacterial load from the organs, probably through the activation of macrophages and over-expression of certain innate immunity receptors. Therefore, the present study emphasizes that GroEL is an effective immunomodulator against B. anthracis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Sinha
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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O’Reilly N, Menezes N, Kavanagh K. Positive correlation between serum immunoreactivity toDemodex-associatedBacillusproteins and erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:1032-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Uchida M, Harada T, Enkhtuya J, Kusumoto A, Kobayashi Y, Chiba S, Shyaka A, Kawamoto K. Protective effect of Bacillus anthracis surface protein EA1 against anthrax in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 421:323-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Structure-based vaccines provide protection in a mouse model of ehrlichiosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27981. [PMID: 22114733 PMCID: PMC3219711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent advances in bioinformatics have made it possible to predict the B cell and T cell epitopes of antigenic proteins. This has led to design of peptide based vaccines that are more specific, safe, and easy to produce. The obligately intracellular gram negative bacteria Ehrlichia cause ehrlichioses in humans and animals. As yet there are no vaccines to protect against Ehrlichia infection. Methodology/Principal Findings We applied the principle of structural vaccinology to design peptides to the epitopes of Ehrlichia muris outer membrane P28-19 (OMP-1/P28) and Ehrlichia Heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60/GroEL) antigenic proteins. Both P28-19 and Ehrlichia Hsp60 peptides reacted with polyclonal antibodies against E. canis and E. chaffeensis and could be used as a diagnostic tool for ehrlichiosis. In addition, we demonstrated that mice vaccinated with Ehrlichia P28-19 and Hsp60 peptides and later challenged with E. muris were protected against the pathogen. Conclusions/Significance Our results demonstrate the power of structural vaccines and could be a new strategy in the development of vaccines to provide protection against pathogenic microorganisms.
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Han X, Hu Q, Ding S, Chen W, Ding C, He L, Wang X, Ding J, Yu S. Identification and immunological characteristics of chaperonin GroEL in Riemerella anatipestifer. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1197-205. [PMID: 22038245 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3635-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) infections cause major economic losses in the duck industry. In this study, an immunogenic protein, chaperonin GroEL (GroEL), was identified from the outer membrane of RA strain WJ4 by immunoproteomic assay based on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The complete sequence of the encoding gene, chaperonin groEL (groEL) was amplified and determined to be 1,629 base pairs in length. groEL was then cloned into expression vector pGEX-6P-1, and the expression of the recombinant GroEL (rGroEL) in Escherichia coli strain BL21 was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting analysis. Immunization assay showed that ducklings or rabbits immunized with purified rGroEL generated 53- or 160-fold more anti-GroEL antibodies than those with no immunization. Importantly, bactericidal assay showed that rabbit anti-GroEL serum killed 30.0-57.3% of bacteria representing different serotypes, while rabbit anti-bacterin serum killing activity exhibits large serotype-dependent variations between 0.2% and 63.6%. Animal challenge experiment showed that ducklings immunized with rGroEL were 50%, 37.5%, and 37.5% protected from the challenge with RA strains WJ4 (serotype 1), Th4 (serotype 2), and YXb-2 (serotype 10), respectively. In addition, groEL from 34 additional RA strains was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and products from nine were sequenced. groEL is highly conserved among RA strains, as the DNA sequence identity was over 97.5% between WJ4 and the nine additional strains. Our results suggest that GroEL may be a good candidate for new RA vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangan Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 518 Ziyue Road, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
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Santos AP, Guimaraes AMS, do Nascimento NC, Sanmiguel PJ, Martin SW, Messick JB. Genome of Mycoplasma haemofelis, unraveling its strategies for survival and persistence. Vet Res 2011; 42:102. [PMID: 21936946 PMCID: PMC3196708 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma haemofelis is a mycoplasmal pathogen (hemoplasma) that attaches to the host's erythrocytes. Distributed worldwide, it has a significant impact on the health of cats causing acute disease and, despite treatment, establishing chronic infection. It might also have a role as a zoonotic agent, especially in immunocompromised patients. Whole genome sequencing and analyses of M. haemofelis strain Ohio2 was undertaken as a step toward understanding its survival and persistence. Metabolic pathways are reduced, relying on the host to supply many of the nutrients and metabolites needed for survival. M. haemofelis must import glucose for ATP generation and ribose derivates for RNA/DNA synthesis. Hypoxanthine, adenine, guanine, uracil and CMP are scavenged from the environment to support purine and pyrimidine synthesis. In addition, nicotinamide, amino acids and any vitamins needed for growth, must be acquired from its environment. The core proteome of M. haemofelis contains an abundance of paralogous gene families, corresponding to 70.6% of all the CDSs. This "paralog pool" is a rich source of different antigenic epitopes that can be varied to elude the host's immune system and establish chronic infection. M. haemofelis also appears to be capable of phase variation, which is particularly relevant to the cyclic bacteremia and persistence, characteristics of the infection in the cat. The data generated herein should be of great use for understanding the mechanisms of M. haemofelis infection. Further, it will provide new insights into its pathogenicity and clues needed to formulate media to support the in vitro cultivation of M. haemofelis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea P Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 725 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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