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Sugiyama A, Umetsu M, Nakazawa H, Niide T, Asano R, Hattori T, Kumagai I. High-throughput cytotoxicity and antigen-binding assay for screening small bispecific antibodies without purification. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 126:153-161. [PMID: 29548844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of T cell-recruiting antibodies with their potential to damage late-stage tumor masses is critically dependent on their structural and functional properties. Recently, we reported a semi-high-throughput process for screening highly cytotoxic small bispecific antibodies (i.e., diabodies). In the present study, we improved the high-throughput performance of this screening process by removing the protein purification stage and adding a stage for determining the concentrations of the diabodies in culture supernatant. The diabodies were constructed by using an Escherichia coli expression system, and each diabody contained tandemly arranged peptide tags at the C-terminus, which allowed the concentration of diabodies in the culture supernatant to be quantified by using a tag-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. When estimated diabody concentrations were used to determine the cytotoxicity of unpurified antibodies, results comparable to those of purified antibodies were obtained. In a surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy-based target-binding assay, contaminants in the culture supernatant prevented us from conducting a quantitative binding analysis; however, this approach did allow relative binding affinity to be determined, and the relative binding affinities of the unpurified diabodies were comparable to those of the purified antibodies. Thus, we present here an improved high-throughput process for the simultaneous screening and determination of the binding parameters of highly cytotoxic bispecific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruto Sugiyama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Nakazawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Teppei Niide
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Asano
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hattori
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Izumi Kumagai
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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He X, Cruz JL, Joseph S, Pett N, Chew HY, Tuong ZK, Okano S, Kelly G, Veitch M, Simpson F, Wells JW. Characterization of 7A7, an anti-mouse EGFR monoclonal antibody proposed to be the mouse equivalent of cetuximab. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12250-12260. [PMID: 29552307 PMCID: PMC5844743 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is selectively expressed on the surface of numerous tumours, such as non-small cell lung, ovarian, colorectal and head and neck carcinomas. EGFR has therefore become a target for cancer therapy. Cetuximab is a chimeric human/mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to EGFR, where it both inhibits signaling and induces cell death by antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Cetuximab has been approved for clinical use in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and colorectal cancer. However, only 15-20% patients benefit from this drug, thus new strategies to improve cetuximab efficiency are required. We aimed to develop a reliable and easy preclinical mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of EGFR-targeted antibodies and examine the immune mechanisms involved in tumour regression. We selected an anti-mouse EGFR mAb, 7A7, which has been reported to be "mouse cetuximab" and to exhibit similar properties to its human counterpart. Unfortunately, we were unable to reproduce previous results obtained with the 7A7 mAb. In our hands, 7A7 failed to recognize mouse EGFR, both in native and reducing conditions. Moreover, in vivo administration of 7A7 in an EGFR-expressing HPV38 tumour model did not have any impact on tumour regression or animal survival. We conclude that 7A7 does not recognize mouse EGFR and therefore cannot be used as the mouse equivalent of cetuximab use in humans. As a number of groups have spent effort and resources with similar issues we feel that publication is a responsible approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhi He
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jazmina L Cruz
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shannon Joseph
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Head and Neck Cancer Centre, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Pett
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hui Yi Chew
- Queensland Head and Neck Cancer Centre, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zewen K Tuong
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Satomi Okano
- Queensland Head and Neck Cancer Centre, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Kelly
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Margaret Veitch
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Fiona Simpson
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Queensland Head and Neck Cancer Centre, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James W Wells
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Sugiyama A, Umetsu M, Nakazawa H, Niide T, Onodera T, Hosokawa K, Hattori S, Asano R, Kumagai I. A semi high-throughput method for screening small bispecific antibodies with high cytotoxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2862. [PMID: 28588218 PMCID: PMC5460266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03101-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Small bispecific antibodies that induce T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity have the potential to damage late-stage tumor masses to a clinically relevant degree, but their cytotoxicity is critically dependent on their structural and functional properties. Here, we constructed an optimized procedure for identifying highly cytotoxic antibodies from a variety of the T-cell-recruiting antibodies engineered from a series of antibodies against cancer antigens of epidermal growth factor receptor family and T-cell receptors. By developing and applying a set of rapid operations for expression vector construction and protein preparation, we screened the cytotoxicity of 104 small antibodies with diabody format and identified some with 103-times higher cytotoxicity than that of previously reported active diabody. The results demonstrate that cytotoxicity is enhanced by synergistic effects between the target, epitope, binding affinity, and the order of heavy-chain and light-chain variable domains. We demonstrate the importance of screening to determine the critical rules for highly cytotoxic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruto Sugiyama
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Umetsu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Nakazawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Teppei Niide
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tomoko Onodera
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hosokawa
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Shuhei Hattori
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Asano
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Izumi Kumagai
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan.
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Garrido G, Rabasa A, Garrido C, López A, Chao L, García-Lora AM, Garrido F, Fernández LE, Sánchez B. Preclinical modeling of EGFR-specific antibody resistance: oncogenic and immune-associated escape mechanisms. Oncogene 2013; 33:3129-39. [PMID: 23975426 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To define the molecular basis of secondary resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific antibodies is crucial to increase clinical benefit in patients. The limited access to posttreatment tumor samples constitutes the major barrier to conduct these studies, representing preclinical experimentation as a useful alternative. Anti-EGFR antibody-based therapy has been reported to mediate tumor regression by interrupting oncogenic signals and, more recently, by inducing antitumor immunological responses. However, resistance models have been focused only on tumor escape associated with EGFR blockade, whereas studies describing immune-associated escape mechanisms have not been reported thus far. To address this idea, we modeled resistance induction in D122 metastasis-bearing C57BL/6 mice treated with 7A7 (an anti-murine EGFR antibody). Similarly to patients receiving EGFR-specific antibodies, 7A7 resistance promotion represents an important drawback to successful therapy. Characterization of primary cultures derived from metastasis in 7A7-treated mice revealed a high frequency of tumor variants resistant to in vivo and in vitro antibody treatment. We showed, for the first time, the convergence of alterations in oncogenic and immunological pathways in 7A7-resistant variants. To identify key molecules behind resistance, seven 7A7-resistant variants were screened. HER3 overexpression and PTEN deficiency leading to hyperactivation of protumoral downstream signaling were found in these variants as a consequence of 7A7-mediated EGFR inhibition. Concomitantly, we found a high percentage of resistant variants carrying abnormalities in the constitutive and/or interferon gamma (IFN-γ)-inducible major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) expression. A significant decrease in mRNA levels for MHC-I heavy chains, β2-microglogulin and antigen processing machinery genes as well as transcriptional alterations in IFN-γ pathway components were identified as the main mechanisms underlying MHC-I expression defects in 7A7-resistant variants. Notably, these defects have not been previously associated with EGFR-specific antibody resistance, providing novel immunological escape mechanisms. This study has strong implications for the development of new combination strategies to overcome anti-EGFR antibodies refractoriness.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Garrido
- Tumor Immunology Direction, Molecular Immunology Institute, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - A Rabasa
- Tumor Immunology Direction, Molecular Immunology Institute, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - C Garrido
- 1] Department of Analisis Clinicos and Inmunologia, Hospital Universitario VirgenNieves, Granada, Spain [2] Departament of Bioquímica, Biología Molecular III e Inmunologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A López
- System Biology Direction, Molecular Immunology Institute, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - L Chao
- Tumor Immunology Direction, Molecular Immunology Institute, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - A M García-Lora
- Department of Analisis Clinicos and Inmunologia, Hospital Universitario VirgenNieves, Granada, Spain
| | - F Garrido
- 1] Department of Analisis Clinicos and Inmunologia, Hospital Universitario VirgenNieves, Granada, Spain [2] Departament of Bioquímica, Biología Molecular III e Inmunologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - L E Fernández
- Innovative Direction, Molecular Immunology Institute, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
| | - B Sánchez
- Tumor Immunology Direction, Molecular Immunology Institute, Center of Molecular Immunology, Havana, Cuba
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