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La Manna MP, Shekarkar Azgomi M, Tamburini B, Badami GD, Mohammadnezhad L, Dieli F, Caccamo N. Phenotypic and Immunometabolic Aspects on Stem Cell Memory and Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:884148. [PMID: 35784300 PMCID: PMC9247337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.884148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system, smartly and surprisingly, saves the exposure of a particular pathogen in its memory and reacts to the pathogen very rapidly, preventing serious diseases.Immunologists have long been fascinated by understanding the ability to recall and respond faster and more vigorously to a pathogen, known as “memory”.T-cell populations can be better described by using more sophisticated techniques to define phenotype, transcriptional and epigenetic signatures and metabolic pathways (single-cell resolution), which uncovered the heterogeneity of the memory T-compartment. Phenotype, effector functions, maintenance, and metabolic pathways help identify these different subsets. Here, we examine recent developments in the characterization of the heterogeneity of the memory T cell compartment. In particular, we focus on the emerging role of CD8+ TRM and TSCM cells, providing evidence on how their immunometabolism or modulation can play a vital role in their generation and maintenance in chronic conditions such as infections or autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pio La Manna
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Shekarkar Azgomi
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bartolo Tamburini
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusto Davide Badami
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Leila Mohammadnezhad
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nadia Caccamo
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico (A.O.U.P.) Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostic (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nadia Caccamo,
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López-Cantillo G, Urueña C, Camacho BA, Ramírez-Segura C. CAR-T Cell Performance: How to Improve Their Persistence? Front Immunol 2022; 13:878209. [PMID: 35572525 PMCID: PMC9097681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with T cells reprogrammed to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T cells) has been highly successful in patients with hematological neoplasms. However, its therapeutic benefits have been limited in solid tumor cases. Even those patients who respond to this immunotherapy remain at risk of relapse due to the short-term persistence or non-expansion of CAR-T cells; moreover, the hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) leads to the dysfunction of these cells after reinfusion. Some research has shown that, in adoptive T-cell therapies, the presence of less differentiated T-cell subsets within the infusion product is associated with better clinical outcomes. Naive and memory T cells persist longer and exhibit greater antitumor activity than effector T cells. Therefore, new methods are being studied to overcome the limitations of this therapy to generate CAR-T cells with these ideal phenotypes. In this paper, we review the characteristics of T-cell subsets and their implications in the clinical outcomes of adoptive therapy with CAR-T cells. In addition, we describe some strategies developed to overcome the reduced persistence of CAR T-cells and alternatives to improve this therapy by increasing the expansion ability and longevity of modified T cells. These methods include cell culture optimization, incorporating homeostatic cytokines during the expansion phase of manufacturing, modulation of CAR-T cell metabolism, manipulating signaling pathways involved in T-cell differentiation, and strategies related to CAR construct designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina López-Cantillo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería Celular y Molecular, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud (IDCBIS), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Urueña
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Cesar Ramírez-Segura
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Ingeniería Celular y Molecular, Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud (IDCBIS), Bogotá, Colombia
- Instituto Distrital de Ciencia Biotecnología e Innovación en Salud (IDCBIS), Bogotá, Colombia
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Wang Y, Chen Z, Wang T, Guo H, Liu Y, Dang N, Hu S, Wu L, Zhang C, Ye K, Shi B. A novel CD4+ CTL subtype characterized by chemotaxis and inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:735-745. [PMID: 33514849 PMCID: PMC8027210 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Graves' orbitopathy (GO), the most severe manifestation of Graves' hyperthyroidism (GH), is an autoimmune-mediated inflammatory disorder, and treatments often exhibit a low efficacy. CD4+ T cells have been reported to play vital roles in GO progression. To explore the pathogenic CD4+ T cell types that drive GO progression, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq), T cell receptor sequencing (TCR-Seq), flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assays to evaluate CD4+ T cells from GO and GH patients. scRNA-Seq revealed the novel GO-specific cell type CD4+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which are characterized by chemotactic and inflammatory features. The clonal expansion of this CD4+ CTL population, as demonstrated by TCR-Seq, along with their strong cytotoxic response to autoantigens, localization in orbital sites, and potential relationship with disease relapse provide strong evidence for the pathogenic roles of GZMB and IFN-γ-secreting CD4+ CTLs in GO. Therefore, cytotoxic pathways may become potential therapeutic targets for GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- grid.452438.cDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks & Networks Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452438.cGenome Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452438.cPrecision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ziyi Chen
- grid.452438.cDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tingjie Wang
- grid.452438.cDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks & Networks Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hui Guo
- grid.452438.cDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks & Networks Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452438.cGenome Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452438.cBioBank, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ningxin Dang
- grid.452438.cGenome Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shiqian Hu
- grid.452438.cDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liping Wu
- grid.452438.cDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- grid.452438.cPrecision Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.249880.f0000 0004 0374 0039The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
| | - Kai Ye
- grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243MOE Key Lab for Intelligent Networks & Networks Security, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.452438.cGenome Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China ,grid.43169.390000 0001 0599 1243The School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- grid.452438.cDepartment of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Characterization of IL-10-producing neutrophils in cattle infected with Ostertagia ostertagi. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20292. [PMID: 31889109 PMCID: PMC6937330 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-10 is a master regulator of immune responses, but its cellular source and function in cattle during the initial phase of immune priming have not been well established. Despite a massive B cell response in the abomasal draining lymph nodes in Ostertagia ostertagi (OO)-infected cattle, protective immunity is slow to develop, and partial protection requires years of repeated exposure. In addressing this problem, our initial hypothesis was that B cells produce IL-10 that downregulates the host protective immune response. However, our results showed that neutrophils made up the majority of IL-10-producing cells in circulation and in secondary lymphoid tissues, particularly the spleen (80%). Conversely, IL-10-producing B cells were rare. In addition, approximately 10% to 20% of the neutrophils in the blood and spleen expressed MHC II and were IL-10 negative, suggesting that neutrophils could also participate in antigen presentation. In vitro investigation of bovine neutrophils revealed that exposure thereof to OO extract increased IL-10 and MHC II expression in these cells in a dose-dependent manner, consistent with IL-10+/MHC II+ neutrophils detected in cattle shortly after experimental OO infection. Co-culture of untreated neutrophils with anti-CD3 antibody (Ab)-stimulated CD4+ T cells led to enhanced T cell activation; also, IL-10 depletion with neutralizing Ab enhanced the stimulatory function of neutrophils. OO extract depressed neutrophil stimulation of CD4+ T cells in the presence of IL-10-neutralizing Ab, suggesting that OO utilizes both IL-10-dependent and independent mechanisms to manipulate the bovine immune response. Finally, contact and viability were required for T cell-stimulatory neutrophil function. This report, to the best of our knowledge, is the first to demonstrate that neutrophil-derived IL-10 is directly involved in T cell regulation in cattle. Our data suggest that neutrophils and neutrophil-derived IL-10 are co-opted by nematode parasites and other pathogens to attenuate host immune responses and facilitate pathogen survival.
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Wu L, Amarachintha S, Xu J, Oley F, Du W. Mesenchymal COX2-PG secretome engages NR4A-WNT signalling axis in haematopoietic progenitors to suppress anti-leukaemia immunity. Br J Haematol 2018; 183:445-456. [PMID: 30106181 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.15548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) microenvironment (niche) plays important roles in supporting normal/abnormal haematopoiesis. We investigated the interaction between leukaemic mesenchymal niche and haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) using the model of Fanconi anaemia (FA), a genetic disorder characterized by BM failure and leukaemia. Healthy donor HSPCs co-cultured on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from FA patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) exhibited higher human engraftment and myeloid expansion in Non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficiency IL-2γ-/- /SGM3 recipients. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed the progressively elevated prostaglandins (PGs) in the MSCs of FA patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and AML. Reduced secretion of PGs subsequent to inflammatory cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) inhibition ameliorated HSPC/myeloid expansion. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated dysregulation of genes involved in the NR4A family of transcription factors (TFs) and WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway in FA-AML-MSC-co-cultured-CD34+ cells. COX2 inhibition led to significantly decreased NR4A TFs and WNT signalling genes expression. Mechanistically, NR4A1 and NR4A2 synergistically activate the CTNNB1 gene promoter . Knocking down CTNNB1 or NR4A1 in AML-MSC-co-cultured-CD34+ cells increased leukaemia-reactive T-effector cells production and rescued anti-leukaemia immunity. Together, these findings suggest that specific interactions between leukaemic mesenchymal niche and HSPCs orchestrate a novel COX2/PG-NR4A/WNT signalling axis, connecting inflammation, cellular metabolism and cancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Surya Amarachintha
- The Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Frank Oley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.,West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA
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IL-12 stimulates CTLs to secrete exosomes capable of activating bystander CD8 + T cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13365. [PMID: 29042682 PMCID: PMC5645350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against intracellular pathogens is generally accomplished by immense CTL expansion and activation, which can destroy infected cells. Vigorous immune responses can lead to activation of bystander CD8+ T cells, but the contribution from antigen-specific CTLs is not well understood. We found that CTLs secrete extracellular vesicles following antigen stimulation. These CTL-derived vesicles contain CTL proteins and exhibit markers and size profiles consistent with exosomes. Interestingly, further stimulation of CTLs with IL-12 impacts exosome size and leads to selective enrichment of certain exosomal proteins. More important, exosomes from IL-12-stimulated CTLs directly activated bystander naïve CD8+ T cells to produce interferon-γ (IFNγ) and granzyme B (GZB) in the absence of antigens, whereas control exosomes derived from antigen-stimulated CTLs did not. In addition, IL-12 induced exosomes are able to strengthen the effects of weak antigen stimulation on CTLs. Proteomic analysis demonstrates that IL-12 stimulation alters catalytic and binding activities of proteins in CTL exosomes. Our findings indicate that the biological function and morphology of exosomes secreted by CTLs can be influenced by the type of stimulation CTLs receive. Thus, a fully functional, ongoing, antigen-specific CTL response may influence bystander CD8+ T cells through secretion of exosomes.
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Modulation of mTOR Signalling Triggers the Formation of Stem Cell-like Memory T Cells. EBioMedicine 2016; 4:50-61. [PMID: 26981571 PMCID: PMC4776068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust, long-lasting immune responses are elicited by memory T cells that possess properties of stem cells, enabling them to persist long-term and to permanently replenish the effector pools. Thus, stem cell-like memory T (TSCM) cells are of key therapeutic value and efforts are underway to characterize TSCM cells and to identify means for their targeted induction. Here, we show that inhibition of mechanistic/mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) by rapamycin or the Wnt-β-catenin signalling activator TWS119 in activated human naive T cells leads to the induction of TSCM cells. We show that these compounds switch T cell metabolism to fatty acid oxidation as favoured metabolic programme for TSCM cell generation. Of note, pharmacologically induced TSCM cells possess superior functional features as a long-term repopulation capacity after adoptive transfer. Furthermore, we provide insights into the transcriptome of TSCM cells. Our data identify a mechanism of pharmacological mTORC1 inhibitors, allowing us to confer stemness to human naive T cells which may be significantly relevant for the design of innovative T cell-based cancer immunotherapies.
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