1
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Han B, Lv Y, Moser D, Zhou X, Woehrle T, Han L, Osterman A, Rudelius M, Choukér A, Lei P. ACE2-independent SARS-CoV-2 virus entry through cell surface GRP78 on monocytes - evidence from a translational clinical and experimental approach. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104869. [PMID: 37967509 PMCID: PMC10679867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infects host cells via an ACE2/TMPRSS2 entry mechanism. Monocytes and macrophages, which play a key role during severe COVID-19 express only low or no ACE2, suggesting alternative entry mechanisms in these cells. In silico analyses predicted GRP78, which is constitutively expressed on monocytes and macrophages, to be a potential candidate receptor for SARS-CoV-2 virus entry. METHODS Hospitalized COVID-19 patients were characterized regarding their pro-inflammatory state and cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78) expression in comparison to healthy controls. RNA from CD14+ monocytes of patients and controls were subjected to transcriptome analysis that was specifically complemented by bioinformatic re-analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) datasets of COVID-19 patients with a focus on monocyte/macrophage subsets, SARS-CoV-2 infection state as well as GRP78 gene expression. Monocyte and macrophage immunohistocytochemistry on GRP78 was conducted in post-mortem lung tissues. SARS-CoV-2 spike and GRP78 protein interaction was analyzed by surface plasmon resonance, GST Pull-down and Co-Immunoprecipitation. SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus or single spike protein uptake was quantified in csGRP78high THP-1 cells. FINDINGS Cytokine patterns, monocyte activation markers and transcriptomic changes indicated typical COVID-19 associated inflammation accompanied by upregulated csGRP78 expression on peripheral blood and lung monocytes/macrophages. Subsequent cell culture experiments confirmed an association between elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and upregulation of csGRP78. Interaction of csGRP78 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with a dissociation constant of KD = 55.2 nM was validated in vitro. Infection rate analyses in ACE2low and GRP78high THP-1 cells showed increased uptake of pseudovirus expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. INTERPRETATION Our results demonstrate that csGRP78 acts as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to mediate ACE2-independent virus entry into monocytes. FUNDING Funded by the Sino-German-Center for Science Promotion (C-0040) and the Germany Ministry BMWi/K [DLR-grant 50WB1931 and RP1920 to AC, DM, TW].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Laboratory of Translational Research 'Stress and Immunity', Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yibing Lv
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dominique Moser
- Laboratory of Translational Research 'Stress and Immunity', Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaoqi Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tobias Woehrle
- Laboratory of Translational Research 'Stress and Immunity', Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lianyong Han
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Osterman
- Max Von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Rudelius
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Choukér
- Laboratory of Translational Research 'Stress and Immunity', Department of Anesthesiology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Zhao L, Lv Y, Zhou X, Guo Z, Li H, Guo Y, Liu T, Tu L, Zhu L, Tao J, Shen G, He Y, Lei P. Secreted glucose regulated protein78 ameliorates DSS-induced mouse colitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:986175. [PMID: 36776831 PMCID: PMC9909966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.986175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted form of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (sGRP78) has been widely reported for its property in aiding resolution of inflammatory. However, little is known on its potential in the treatment of colitis. To investigate the expression pattern and functional outcome of GRP78 in ulcerative colitis, its expression was measured in human and murine colitis samples. It was found that GRP78 was spontaneously secreted to a high level in gut, which is a physiological site of immune tolerance. During the active phase of DSS-induced colitis, the sGRP78 level was significantly reduced but rebounded quickly during resolving phase, making it a potential candidate for the treatment of colitis. In the following experiments, the administration of sGRP78 was proved to decrease susceptibility to experimental colitis, as indicated by an overall improvement of intestinal symptoms, restoration of TJ integrity, decreased infiltration of immune cells and impaired production of inflammatory cytokines. And specific cleavage of endogenous sGRP78 could aggravate DSS colitis. Adoptive transfer of sGRP78-conditioned BMDMs reduced inflammation in the gut. We linked sGRP78 treatment with altered macrophage biology and skewed macrophage polarization by inhibiting the TLR4-dependent MAP-kinases and NF-κB pathways. Based on these studies, as a naturally occurring immunomodulatory molecule, sGRP78 might be an attractive novel therapeutic agent for acute intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibing Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heli Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanyan Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Tu
- Department of Cancer Center, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangru Zhu
- Department of Cancer Center, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Tao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Ping Lei, ; Yong He,
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Ping Lei, ; Yong He,
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3
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sGRP78 enhances selective autophagy of monomeric TLR4 to regulate myeloid cell death. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:587. [PMID: 35798718 PMCID: PMC9262968 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Soluble glucose regulated protein 78 (sGRP78) has long been suggested as a mediator resolution of inflammation. We previously reported that sGRP78 induced the rapid endocytosis of TLR4 with defective TLR4 signaling. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, in this study, we investigated how sGRP78 influenced the behavior and trafficking of TLR4 in myeloid cells. It was found that sGRP78 promoted LPS endocytosis with monomeric TLR4. This internalized monomeric TLR4 formed complexes with p62-LC3, and was degraded in autolysosomes. Furthermore, the sGRP78-enhanced autophagy-dependent TLR4 degradation caused apoptosis and ferroptosis in myeloid cells, contributing to the sGRP78-mediated resolution of inflammation. These reports establish innovative mechanisms for endotoxin clearance and immune regulation by TLR4 degradation, linking innate immunity with multiple ancient processes, including autophagy, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, together through a shared resolution-associated molecular pattern (RAMP)-sGRP78.
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4
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Albakova Z, Mangasarova Y, Albakov A, Nikulina E, Kravchenko S, Sapozhnikov A. Aberrant HSP90 Expression in Lymphocytes and HSP90 Response to Anti-PD-1 Therapy in Lymphoma Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893137. [PMID: 35572591 PMCID: PMC9095953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HSP90 family of molecular chaperones has been shown to be implicated in various stages of tumor growth and development. Recent studies have highlighted the role of extracellular HSP90 in tumor immunology, however, the role that HSP90 plays in the regulation of immune responses and the impact of cancer immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade, on HSP90 is still unclear. Here we assessed the surface and intracellular expression of constitutive cytosolic HSP90β isoform, mitochondrial HSP90 homolog TRAP1 and co-chaperone STIP1/HOP in T, NK, B and NKT cells derived from peripheral blood and bone marrow samples of patients with Hodgkin and B-cell Non-Hodgkin lymphomas. HSP90β and STIP1 were overexpressed in B lymphocytes, while TRAP1 expression was decreased in T, B, NK and NKT cells of lymphoma patients. HSP90 overexpression in B cells was not associated with malignant B cell clones, since no clonotypic B cells were detected by immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene rearrangements. PD-1 blockade was found to differently affect the intracellular and surface HSP90 in T, B, NK and NKT cells in patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Modulating HSP90 was found to affect the NK cell degranulation response and IFNγ production in lymphoma patients. These findings provide the rationale to further explore HSP90 homologs for improving patient response to cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarema Albakova
- Department of Immunology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Elena Nikulina
- National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Sapozhnikov
- Department of Immunology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), Moscow, Russia
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5
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Garcia SG, Sandoval-Hellín N, Franquesa M. Regulatory B Cell Therapy in Kidney Transplantation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:791450. [PMID: 34950041 PMCID: PMC8689004 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of kidney injury, the role of Bregs is gaining interest. In a number of autoimmune diseases, the number and/or the function of Bregs has been shown to be impaired or downregulated, therefore restoring their balance might be a potential therapeutic tool. Moreover, in the context of kidney transplantation their upregulation has been linked to tolerance. However, a specific marker or set of markers that define Bregs as a unique cell subset has not been found and otherwise multiple phenotypes of Bregs have been studied. A quest on the proper markers and induction mechanisms is now the goal of many researchers. Here we summarize the most recent evidence on the role of Bregs in kidney disease by describing the relevance of in vitro and in vivo Bregs induction as well as the potential use of Bregs as cell therapy agents in kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio G Garcia
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) and Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Noelia Sandoval-Hellín
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) and Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marcella Franquesa
- REMAR-IGTP Group, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) and Nephrology Department, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona (Barcelona), Catalonia, Spain
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6
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Albakova Z, Mangasarova Y. The HSP Immune Network in Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:796493. [PMID: 34917098 PMCID: PMC8669653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.796493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are molecular chaperones which support tumor development by regulating various cellular processes including unfolded protein response, mitochondrial bioenergetics, apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, cancer cell stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor immunity. Apart from their intracellular activities, HSPs have also distinct extracellular functions. However, the role that HSP chaperones play in the regulation of immune responses inside and outside the cell is not yet clear. Herein, we explore the intracellular and extracellular immunologic functions of HSPs in cancer. A broader understanding of how HSPs modulate immune responses may provide critical insights for the development of effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarema Albakova
- Department of Immunology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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7
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Zhou X, Yang M, Lv Y, Li H, Wu S, Min J, Shen G, He Y, Lei P. Adoptive transfer of GRP78-treated dendritic cells alleviates insulitis in NOD mice. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 110:1023-1031. [PMID: 34643294 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma0921-219rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) has extracellular, anti-inflammatory properties that can aid resolving inflammation. It has been established previously that GRP78 induced myeloid CD11c+ cell differentiation into distinct tolerogenic cells. This tolerance induction makes GRP78 a potential therapeutic agent for transplanted allogeneic grafts and autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. In this research, it is revealed that rmGRP78-treated NOD mice bone marrow-derived CD11c+ cells (GRP78-DCs) highly expressed B7-H4 but down-regulated CD86 and CD40, and retained a tolerogenic signature even after stimulation by LPS. In the assessment of in vivo therapeutic efficacy after the adoptive transfer of GRP78-DCs into NOD mice, fluorescent imaging analyses revealed that the transfer specifically homed in inflamed pancreases, promoting β-cell survival and alleviating insulitis in NOD mice. The adoptive transfer of GRP78-DCs also helped reduce Th1, Th17, and CTL, suppressing inflammatory cytokine production in vivo. The findings suggest that adoptive GRP78-DC transfer is critical to resolving inflammation in NOD mice and may have relevance in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muyang Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibing Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heli Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Min
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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8
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Long W, Zhang H, Yuan W, Lan G, Lin Z, Peng L, Dai H. The Role of Regulatory B cells in Kidney Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683926. [PMID: 34108975 PMCID: PMC8183681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells, commonly regarded as proinflammatory antibody-producing cells, are detrimental to individuals with autoimmune diseases. However, in recent years, several studies have shown that regulatory B (Breg) cells, an immunosuppressive subset of B cells, may exert protective effects against autoimmune diseases by secretion of inhibitory cytokines such as IL-10. In practice, Breg cells are identified by their production of immune-regulatory cytokines, such as IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-35, however, no specific marker or Breg cell-specific transcription factor has been identified. Multiple phenotypes of Breg cells have been found, whose functions vary according to their phenotype. This review summarizes the discovery, phenotypes, development, and function of Breg cells and highlights their potential therapeutic value in kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Long
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hedong Zhang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjia Yuan
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Gongbin Lan
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Longkai Peng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Helong Dai
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Organ Transplantation in Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
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9
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Clavier T, Demailly Z, Semaille X, Thill C, Selim J, Veber B, Doguet F, Richard V, Besnier E, Tamion F. A Weak Response to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Is Associated With Postoperative Organ Failure in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:613518. [PMID: 33659258 PMCID: PMC7917111 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.613518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is involved in inflammatory organ failure. Our objective was to describe ERS, its unfolded protein response (UPR) expression/kinetics during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and its association with postoperative organ failure (OF). Methods: Prospective study conducted on patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Blood samples were taken before (Pre-CPB), 2 h (H2-CPB) and 24 h (H24-CPB) after CPB. Plasma levels of 78 kDa Glucose- Regulated Protein (GRP78, final effector of UPR) were evaluated by ELISA. The expression of genes coding for key elements of UPR (ATF6, ATF4, sXBP1, CHOP) was evaluated by quantitative PCR performed on total blood. OF was defined as invasive mechanical ventilation and/or acute kidney injury and/or hemodynamic failure requiring catecholamines. Results: We included 46 patients, GRP78 was decreased at H2-CPB [1,328 (878-1,730) ng/ml vs. 2,348 (1,655-3,730) ng/ml Pre-CPB; p < 0.001] but returned to basal levels at H24-CPB [2,068 (1,436-3,005) ng/ml]. The genes involved in UPR had increased expression at H2 and H24. GRP78 plasma levels in patients with OF at H24-CPB (n = 10) remained below Pre-CPB levels [-27.6 (-51.5; -24.2)%] compared to patients without OF (n = 36) in whom GRP78 levels returned to basal levels [0.6 (-28.1; 26.6)%; p < 0.01]. H24-CPB ATF6 and CHOP expressions were lower in patients with OF than in patients without OF [2.3 (1.3-3.1) vs. 3.0 (2.7-3.7), p < 0.05 and 1.3 (0.9-2.0) vs. 2.2 (1.7-2.9), p < 0.05, respectively]. Conclusions: Low relative levels of GRP78 and weak UPR gene expression appeared associated with postoperative OF. Further studies are needed to understand ERS implication during acute organ failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clavier
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Zoé Demailly
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Xavier Semaille
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen, France
| | - Caroline Thill
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Biostatistics, Rouen, France
| | - Jean Selim
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Benoit Veber
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen, France
| | - Fabien Doguet
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.,Rouen University Hospital, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Emmanuel Besnier
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Rouen, France.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France
| | - Fabienne Tamion
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1096, FHU REMOD-VHF, Rouen, France.,Rouen University Hospital, Department of Medical Critical Care, Rouen, France
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10
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Chen L, Zheng H, Yu X, Liu L, Li H, Zhu H, Zhang Z, Lei P, Shen G. Tumor-Secreted GRP78 Promotes the Establishment of a Pre-metastatic Niche in the Liver Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:584458. [PMID: 33133103 PMCID: PMC7550426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is an immunologically tolerant organ and a common site of distant metastasis for various cancers. The expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) have been associated with tumor malignancy. Secretory GRP78 (sGRP78) released from tumor cells contributes to the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by regulating cytokine production in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). However, the role of sGRP78 on tumor cell colonization and metastasis in the liver remains unclear. Herein, we found that GRP78 was expressed at higher levels in the liver compared to other tissues and organs. We performed intravital imaging using a sGRP78-overexpressing breast cancer cell line (E0771) and found that sGRP78 interacted with dendritic cells (DCs) and F4/80+ macrophages in the liver. Importantly, sGRP78 overexpression inhibited DC activation and induced M2-like polarization in F4/80+ macrophages. Moreover, sGRP78 overexpression enhanced TGF-β production in the liver. In conclusion, sGRP78 promotes tumor cell colonization in the liver by remodeling the tumor microenvironment and promoting immune tolerance. The ability of sGRP78-targeting strategies to prevent or treat liver metastasis should be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heli Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifen Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Ran Z, Yue-Bei L, Qiu-Ming Z, Huan Y. Regulatory B Cells and Its Role in Central Nervous System Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1884. [PMID: 32973780 PMCID: PMC7468432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B (Breg) cells represent a population of suppressor B cells that participate in immunomodulatory processes and inhibition of excessive inflammation. The regulatory function of Breg cells have been demonstrated in mice and human with inflammatory diseases, cancer, after transplantation, and particularly in autoinflammatory disorders. In order to suppress inflammation, Breg cells produce anti-inflammatory mediators, induce death ligand-mediated apoptosis, and regulate many kinds of immune cells such as suppressing the proliferation and differentiation of effector T cell and increasing the number of regulatory T cells. Central nervous system Inflammatory demyelinating diseases (CNS IDDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders, which occur against the background of an acute or chronic inflammatory process. With the advent of monoclonal antibodies directed against B cells, breakthroughs have been made in the treatment of CNS IDDs. Therefore, the number and function of B cells in IDDs have attracted attention. Meanwhile, increasing number of studies have confirmed that Breg cells play a role in alleviating autoimmune diseases, and treatment with Breg cells has also been proposed as a new therapeutic direction. In this review, we focus on the understanding of the development and function of Breg cells and on the diversification of Breg cells in CNS IDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Ran
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Luo Yue-Bei
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeng Qiu-Ming
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Huan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Regulation of Immunity in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081080. [PMID: 31366131 PMCID: PMC6721298 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer affects millions of women worldwide, leading to many deaths and significant economic burden. Although there are numerous treatment options available, the huge potentials of immunotherapy in the management of localized and metastatic breast cancer is currently being explored. However, there are significant gaps in understanding the complex interactions between the immune system and breast cancer. The immune system can be pro-tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic depending on the cells involved and the conditions of the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of breast cancer, including treatment options. We also give a brief overview of the immune system and comprehensively highlight the roles of different cells of the immune system in breast tumorigenesis, including recent research discoveries. Lastly, we discuss some immunotherapeutic strategies for the management of breast cancer.
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13
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Fehres CM, van Uden NO, Yeremenko NG, Fernandez L, Franco Salinas G, van Duivenvoorde LM, Huard B, Morel J, Spits H, Hahne M, Baeten DLP. APRIL Induces a Novel Subset of IgA + Regulatory B Cells That Suppress Inflammation via Expression of IL-10 and PD-L1. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1368. [PMID: 31258536 PMCID: PMC6587076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are immunosuppressive cells that modulate immune responses through multiple mechanisms. The signals required for the differentiation and activation of these cells remain still poorly understood. We have already shown that overexpression of A PRoliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) reduces the incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Furthermore, we have described that APRIL, but not BAFF, promoted IL-10 production and regulatory functions in human B cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that APRIL, but not BAFF, may be involved in the induction and/or activation of IL-10 producing Bregs that suppress inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. Here, we describe that APRIL promotes the differentiation of naïve human B cells to IL-10-producing IgA+ B cells. These APRIL-induced IgA+ B cells display a Breg phenotype and inhibit T cell and macrophage responses through IL-10 and PD-L1. Moreover, APRIL-induced IL-10 producing Bregs suppress inflammation in vivo in experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) and contact hypersensitivity (CHS) models. Finally, we showed a strong correlation between APRIL and IL-10 in the inflamed synovial tissue of inflammatory arthritis patients. Collectively, these observations indicate the potential relevance of this novel APRIL-induced IgA+ Breg population for immune homeostasis and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia M Fehres
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie O van Uden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nataliya G Yeremenko
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leticia Fernandez
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriela Franco Salinas
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonie M van Duivenvoorde
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bertrand Huard
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, INSERM U1209, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Morel
- Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Hergen Spits
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, and AIMM Therapeutics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Hahne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique L P Baeten
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Centre, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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14
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Effect of binding immunoglobulin protein on induction of regulatory B cells with killer phenotype during inflammation and disease. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO379. [PMID: 30906571 PMCID: PMC6426174 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses result from different immune cells acting in synergy to successfully fight infections. This requires a high degree of regulation to prevent excessive production of inflammatory products leading to other disease forms. Regulatory B cells are classified based on surface immunoglobulin expression. These cells are reported to resolve inflammation during chronic or autoimmune diseases. However, during chronic inflammation, their frequencies have been shown to be affected, and they can be induced by exposure to extracellular binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP). This review focuses on the effects on immune cells by extracellular or secreted BiP during various chronic inflammatory responses. For example, cell stress associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection leads to accumulation of unfolded proteins that subsequently activate BiP and its three signal transducers intracellularly. Furthermore, BiP can be translocated from the endoplasmic reticulum to the extracellular environment where it binds immune cells as an autoantigen and leads to functional changes. Immune responses during tuberculosis disease require balanced cell interactions. These include antigen-presenting cells, effector cells and regulatory cells. B lymphocytes can mediate regulatory function during chronic diseases and lead to better disease outcome. These specialized cells mediate this function through both surface and soluble protein expression. Their development can be facilitated by different stimuli including binding immunoglobulin protein. This protein resides in the endoplasmic reticulum where it functions in proper protein folding; however, it can escape this location to the extracellular phase, where it affects immune cell function leading to development of regulatory traits on B cells.
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15
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Sanchez LR, Godoy GJ, Gorosito Serrán M, Breser ML, Fiocca Vernengo F, Engel P, Motrich RD, Gruppi A, Rivero VE. IL-10 Producing B Cells Dampen Protective T Cell Response and Allow Chlamydia muridarum Infection of the Male Genital Tract. Front Immunol 2019; 10:356. [PMID: 30881362 PMCID: PMC6405527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of individuals develop chronic, persistent and recurrent genital tract infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, which has been attributed to the numerous strategies that the bacterium uses to subvert host immune responses. Animal chlamydia models have demonstrated that protective immune response is mediated by CD4+ Th1 cytokine responses. Herein, we demonstrate that early after infecting the male genital tract, C. muridarum triggers the production of IL-10 by splenic and lymph node cells. In addition, C. muridarum triggers IL-6 and TNFα secretion. Data obtained from in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed B cells as the major IL-10 contributors. Indeed, purified B cells produced high amounts of IL-10 and also exhibited enhanced expression of inhibitory molecules such as CD39, PD-L1 and PD1 after C. muridarum stimulation. In vitro experiments performed with sorted cell subsets revealed that Marginal Zone B cells were the main IL-10 producers. In vitro and in vivo studies using TLR-deficient mice indicated that TLR4 signaling pathway was essential for IL-10 production. In addition, in vivo treatments to neutralize IL-10 or deplete B cells indicated that IL-10 and B cells played a significant role in delaying bacterial clearance ability. Moreover, the latter was confirmed by adoptive cell transfer experiments in which the absence of IL-10-producing B cells conferred the host a greater capability to induce Th1 responses and clear the infection. Interestingly, NOD mice, which were the least efficient in clearing the infection, presented much more Marginal Zone B counts and also enhanced TLR4 expression on Marginal Zone B cells when compared to B6 and BALB/c mice. Besides, treatment with antibodies that selectively deplete Marginal Zone B cells rendered mice more capable of inducing enhanced IFNγ responses and clearing the infection. Our findings suggest that B cells play a detrimental role in C. muridarum infection and that activation by innate receptors like TLR4 and IL-10 production by these cells could be used by Chlamydia spp. as a strategy to modulate the immune response establishing chronic infections in susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R Sanchez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gloria J Godoy
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Melisa Gorosito Serrán
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Maria L Breser
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Facundo Fiocca Vernengo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Immunology and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben D Motrich
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia E Rivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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16
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Sun H, Zhang Y, Song W, Yin L, Wang G, Yu D, Zhang Q, Yan X, Li S. IgM +CD27 + B cells possessed regulatory function and represented the main source of B cell-derived IL-10 in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritis patients. Hum Immunol 2019; 80:263-269. [PMID: 30769033 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synovial inflammation is observed in patients with osteoathritis (OA) and likely contributed to its exacerbation. Regulatory B (Breg) cells are shown to suppress inflammation in various diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To examine whether Breg cells also participated in OA, we examined the synovial fluid from OA patients, and compared with that in RA patients. In OA synovial fluid, IL-10-producing B cells were present directly ex vivo and were increased upon stimulation, indicating that B cells were a source of IL-10 directly at the affected site of OA patients. Interestingly, the frequency of IL-10+ cells in synovial B cells was higher in OA patients than in RA patients, but the total number of IL-10+ B cells in OA was lower than that in RA, suggesting that OA patients presented lower B cell infiltration than RA patients. Phenotypical analysis demonstrated that the IL-10+ B cells were IgM+ and CD27+, but not CD24hi or CD38hi. To allow functional analysis of IgM+CD27+ B cells, the IgM+CD27+ B cells in the blood of OA patients were examined. These blood IgM+CD27+ B cells expressed more IL-10, but less CD80 and CD86 than non-IgM+CD27+ B cells. Blood IgM+CD27+ B cells suppressed the proliferation and IFN-γ expression of autologous T cells, and this effect could be reverted if IL-10 was inhibited. Furthermore, we found that patients with more severe OA presented lower levels of IL-10+ B cells in the synovial fluid. Together, our study described an IgM+CD27+ B cell subset in OA patients, which represented the major IL-10-secreting B cell type in the synovial fluid of OA patients and possessed regulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yeyong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weiguo Song
- Pharmacology Center, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Luxu Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gongteng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dejia Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinfeng Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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17
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Motaung B, Walzl G, Loxton AG. The level of the endoplasmic reticulum stress chaperone protein, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), decreases following successful tuberculosis treatment. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 81:198-202. [PMID: 30684743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased Mycobacterium tuberculosis burden inside the host leads to higher demand of response proteins. This in turn results in metabolic shift and cellular stress, which is caused by the accumulation and trafficking of these proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). To resolve this, cells trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is mainly mediated by binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP)/glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) chaperone, and this in turn upregulates its transcription. This chaperone protein facilitates proper protein folding within the ER; however, it can also be passively secreted into the extracellular environment or be expressed on cell surfaces attached to anchor proteins and transmembrane proteins. This notion has been shown in studies on chronic inflammation, including cancer and arthritis, with the detection of BiP-specific antibodies from different sample types. The present study analysed secreted BiP from plasma samples collected from healthy participants and patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis (TBdx), seen over the course of TB treatment at week 1 (W1), month 2 (M2), and month 6 (M6). The results revealed that during the initial TB disease and treatment period, cells are subjected to stress conditions resulting in metabolic shifts, which lead to the secretion of the intracellular UPR-mediating chaperone protein, BiP. This was indicated by mean differences between TBdx (mean 40.88ng/ml) and W1 (68.57ng/ml) in the TB participant groups. However, no difference was observed between the healthy group (mean 42.64ng/ml) and TBdx group (mean 40.88ng/ml). Analysis of paired time-point visits revealed increased BiP secretion during early TB treatment. The detection of BiP in plasma samples was found to decrease after successful TB treatment to levels comparable to those in the healthy controls. Evaluation of BiP levels in larger TB treatment studies may lead to the identification of a new target for early TB diagnosis and host-directed immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongani Motaung
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000 South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000 South Africa
| | - Andre G Loxton
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000 South Africa.
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18
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Wąsik M, Nazimek K, Bryniarski K. Regulatory B cell phenotype and mechanism of action: the impact of stimulating conditions. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:485-496. [PMID: 29998521 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A diverse population of regulatory B (Breg) cells reportedly exhibits significant immunomodulatory effects in various models of inflammatory responses and infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. Breg cells contribute to maintenance of homeostasis via IL-10 production and multiple IL-10-independent mechanisms. The current review describes various phenotypic and functional subsets of Breg cells in autoimmune and infectious diseases and discusses the impacts of experimental conditions that have been found to drive Breg cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wąsik
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, 18 Czysta St., 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, 18 Czysta St., 31-121 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, 18 Czysta St., 31-121 Krakow, Poland
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19
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Shen M, Wang J, Ren X. New Insights into Tumor-Infiltrating B Lymphocytes in Breast Cancer: Clinical Impacts and Regulatory Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2018; 9:470. [PMID: 29568299 PMCID: PMC5852074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes have been recognized as a new hallmark of breast cancer (BC). The function seems to be controversial, either with positive, negative, or no significance in BC’s prediction and prognosis. Moreover, B-cell infiltrates regulate tumor process through productions of antibodies and interleukin-10. The interactions with other lymphocytes and programmed death-1/PD-1 ligand axis are also documented. The regulatory mechanisms will eventually be incorporated into diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms, thus give guide to clinical treatment. In this review, we give new insights into clinical impacts and regulatory mechanisms of tumor-infiltrating B cells, which heralds a new era in immuno-oncology in BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shen
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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20
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Shen M, Wang J, Yu W, Zhang C, Liu M, Wang K, Yang L, Wei F, Wang SE, Sun Q, Ren X. A novel MDSC-induced PD-1 -PD-L1 + B-cell subset in breast tumor microenvironment possesses immuno-suppressive properties. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1413520. [PMID: 29632731 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1413520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid cells that suppress T-cell activity in a tumor microenvironment. However, the suppressive function of MDSCs on B cells and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. Here, we show that in 4T1 breast cancer mice, a significantly increased number of MDSCs, in parallel with splenic B cells, are accumulated when compared to normal mice. In the presence of MDSCs, the surface molecules of B cells are remolded, with checkpoint-related molecules such as PD-1 and PD-L1 changing prominently. MDSCs also emerge as vital regulators in B-cell immune functions such as proliferation, apoptosis and the abilities to secrete antibodies and cytokines. Our study further identifies that MDSCs can transform normal B cells to a subtype of immuno- regulatory B cells (Bregs) which inhibit T-cell response. Furthermore, we identified a novel kind of Bregs with a specific phenotype PD-1-PD-L1+CD19+, which exert the greatest suppressive effects on T cells in comparison with the previously reported Bregs characterized as CD1d+CD5+CD19+, CD5+CD19+ and Interleukin (IL)-10-secreting B cells. Our results highlight that MDSCs regulate B-cell response and may serve as a therapeutic approach in anti-tumor treatment. Investigation of this new Breg subtype extends our understanding of regulation of T-cell response and sheds new light on anti-tumor immunity and immune therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Shen
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Shizhen Emily Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China
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21
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Qin K, Ma S, Li H, Wu M, Sun Y, Fu M, Guo Z, Zhu H, Gong F, Lei P, Shen G. GRP78 Impairs Production of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokines by Interaction with CD14. Front Immunol 2017; 8:579. [PMID: 28588578 PMCID: PMC5440525 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a stress-inducible chaperone that resides primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum. GRP78 has been described to be released at times of cellular stress and as having extracellular properties that are anti-inflammatory or favor the resolution of inflammation. In the current study, we confirmed that GRP78 impaired the production of lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in GRP78-treated bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs). To explore the underlying mechanism, first of all, GRP78 was checked to be bound to the plasma membrane. Interestingly, such binding promoted endocytosis of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and reduction in TLR4 on the plasma surface had a key role in desensitization of GRP78-treated DCs to lipopolysaccharide. Given that cluster of differentiation (CD)14 is a crucial regulator of TLR4 endocytosis, interaction of GRP78 with CD14 was investigated next. Data showed that GRP78 co-localized with CD14 on the plasma membrane and glutathione-S-transferase-GRP78 precipitated CD14. In CD14 knockout mice, down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α and reduction in TLR4 on the plasma surface were abrogated in GRP78-treated DCs. Overall, these data suggested that GRP78 mediates endocytosis of TLR4 by targeting CD14 to favor the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Simin Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heli Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanli Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingpeng Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifen Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feili Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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22
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Wang K, Tao L, Su J, Zhang Y, Zou B, Wang Y, Zou M, Chen N, Lei L, Li X. TLR4 supports the expansion of FasL +CD5 +CD1d hi regulatory B cells, which decreases in contact hypersensitivity. Mol Immunol 2017; 87:188-199. [PMID: 28505514 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Certain B cells termed as "regulatory B cells" (Bregs) can suppress the ongoing immune responses and a splenic CD5+CD1dhi Breg subset identified earlier was shown to exert its regulatory functions through secretion of IL-10. Though FasL expression is an alternative mechanism of immune suppression used by B cells, little is known about the FasL expressing CD5+CD1dhi Bregs. In this study, we isolated splenocytes or splenic CD19+ B cells and compared the efficiency of toll-like receptor(TLR)4 ligand (lipopolysaccharide) with TLR9 ligand (CpG), anti-CD40 and TLR9 ligand (CpG) plus anti-CD40 on the FasL expression of splenic CD5+CD1dhi Bregs by flow cytometry. FasL expression in CD5+CD1dhi B cells was rapidly increased after TLR4 ligation. Intriguingly, anti-CD40 and CpG plus anti-CD40 combinations failed to stimulate FasL expression in CD5+CD1dhi B cells although the IL-10 production was up-regulated in this subset. In addition, LPS and other B10-cell inducers increased the expression of surface molecules like CD86 and CD25, which are correlated to the regulatory functions of B cells. Furthermore, NF-κB and NF-AT inhibitors decreased the TLR4-activated FasL expression in CD5+CD1dhi B cells. Then we sorted splenic CD5+CD1dhi Bregs using flow cytometry and found that TLR4-activated CD5+CD1dhi Bregs suppressed the proliferation of CFSE-labeled CD4+ T cells in vitro, which was partly blocked by anti-FasL antibody. In oxazolone-sensitized mice having contact hypersensitivity, FasL expression in splenic CD5+CD1dhi B cells was decreased compared to the control group after TLR4 ligation. Our findings suggest that the regulatory function of CD5+CD1dhi B cells could be partly mediated by Fas-FasL pathway and this FasL expressing CD5+CD1dhi Bregs might participate in the regulation of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Wang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Affiliated Nanhai Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan 528200, PR China
| | - Lei Tao
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Jianbing Su
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yueyang Zhang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Binhua Zou
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yiyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Min Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Nana Chen
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Linsheng Lei
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory Immunomodulatory Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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23
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Bankó Z, Pozsgay J, Szili D, Tóth M, Gáti T, Nagy G, Rojkovich B, Sármay G. Induction and Differentiation of IL-10-Producing Regulatory B Cells from Healthy Blood Donors and Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:1512-1520. [PMID: 28087671 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The most important feature of B cells is the production of Abs upon activation; additionally, B cells produce pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in response to certain stimuli. IL-10-producing B cells represent a major subset of regulatory B cells (Bregs) that suppress autoimmune and inflammatory responses. B cells play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA); however, controversial data are available on IL-10- producing Bregs in RA. Our aim was to identify the optimal conditions that induce IL-10+ Bregs and, furthermore, to shed light on the signaling pathways that are responsible for their expansion. The results show that dual stimulation by CpG and CD40L for 48 h is optimal for IL-10 induction, and this can be synergistically boosted by IL-21. We identified the CD19+CD27+ memory B cell population as the major source of IL-10+ Bregs. We detected significantly fewer CD19+CD27+IL-10+ cells in RA patients compared with healthy controls, and these were functionally defective in suppressing IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells in coculture. IL-21 drastically increased the number of IL-10+ Bregs within the CD19+CD27+ and CD19+CD27- populations; furthermore, it induced the appearance of IL-10+Blimp-1+ plasmablasts. Monitoring the phosphorylation of key signaling molecules revealed that activation of ERK, p38, and CREB is indispensable for the induction of IL-10 production, whereas phosphorylation of STAT3 further enhances IL-10 expression in human Bregs. We conclude that CREB and STAT3 are the key transcription factors responsible for the expansion and differentiation of human IL-10-producing Bregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Bankó
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - Judit Pozsgay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - Dániel Szili
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - Mária Tóth
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary
| | - Tamás Gáti
- Buda Hospital of Hospitaller Brothers of St. John, Budapest, 1023 Hungary; and
| | - György Nagy
- Buda Hospital of Hospitaller Brothers of St. John, Budapest, 1023 Hungary; and.,Department of Rheumatology, 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1023 Hungary
| | | | - Gabriella Sármay
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117 Hungary;
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24
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Yang M, Zhang F, Qin K, Wu M, Li H, Zhu H, Ning Q, Lei P, Shen G. Glucose-Regulated Protein 78-Induced Myeloid Antigen-Presenting Cells Maintained Tolerogenic Signature upon LPS Stimulation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:552. [PMID: 27990144 PMCID: PMC5131008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (Grp78) is stress-inducible chaperone that mostly reside in the endoplasmic reticulum. Grp78 has been described to be released at times of cellular stress and as having extracellular properties that are anti-inflammatory or favor the resolution of inflammation. As antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play a critical role in both the priming of adaptive immune responses and the induction of self-tolerance, herein, we investigated the effect of Grp78 on the maturation of murine myeloid APCs (CD11c+ cells). Results showed that CD11c+ cells could be bound by AF488-labeled Grp78 and that Grp78 treatment induced a tolerogenic phenotype comparable to immature cells. Furthermore, when exposed to lipopolysaccharide, Grp78-treated CD11c+ cells (DCGrp78) did not adopt a mature dendritic cell phenotype. DCGrp78-primed T cells exhibited reduced proliferation along with a concomitant expansion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells in pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes and induction of T cell apoptosis in vitro and ex vivo. The above work suggests that Grp78 is an immunomodulatory molecule that could aid resolution of inflammation. It may thus contribute to induce durable tolerance to be of potential therapeutic benefit in transplanted allogeneic grafts and autoimmune diseases such as type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyang Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Kai Qin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Heli Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Huifen Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Infectious Disease, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Guanxin Shen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
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25
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Risk of malignancy in ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32063. [PMID: 27534810 PMCID: PMC4989281 DOI: 10.1038/srep32063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge about the overall and site-specific risk of malignancy associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to address this knowledge gap. Five databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane library and the virtual health library) were systematically searched. A manual search of publications within the last 2 years in key journals in the field (Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, Rheumatology and Arthritis & rheumatology) was also performed. STATA 11.2 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. After screening, twenty-three studies, of different designs, were eligible for meta-analysis. AS is associated with a 14% (pooled RR 1.14; 95% CI 1.03–1.25) increase in the overall risk for malignancy. Compared to controls, patients with AS are at a specific increased risk for malignancy of the digestive system (pooled RR 1.20; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.42), multiple myelomas (pooled RR 1.92; 95% CI 1.37 to 3.69) and lymphomas (pooled RR 1.32; 95% CI 1.11 to 1.57). On subgroup analysis, evidence from high quality cohort studies indicated that AS patients from Asia are at highest risk for malignancy overall. Confirmation of findings from large-scale longitudinal studies is needed to identify specific risk factors and to evaluate treatment effects.
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26
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Significant decrease in peripheral regulatory B cells is an immunopathogenic feature of dermatomyositis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27479. [PMID: 27270362 PMCID: PMC4895339 DOI: 10.1038/srep27479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are critical in maintaining self-tolerance. Their role in dermatomyositis (DM), an autoimmune disease characterized by inappropriate regulation of hyperactivated B and T cells, has not been clearly defined. In the current study, we performed flow cytometry analysis of studied CD19+ CD24highCD38high Breg subpopulations in blood samples from 30 patients with DM, 37 diseased controls and 23 healthy controls. A significant decrease was observed in the frequency of Bregs in DM patients compared to that in diseased controls (p < 0.0001) and in healthy controls (p < 0.0001). And the prevalence of Bregs deficiency (defined as Bregs/B cells < 0.50% in this study) in DM patients went as high as 73.3%. Furthermore, DM patients with positive myositis specific autoantibody often had lower Bregs levels than negative patients (p = 0.036), and lower level of Bregs was also found in DM patients with interstitial lung disease than in DM patients without (p = 0.041). In a follow-up study, seven DM patients were considered to be in remission stage, and their Breg levels were found to have significantly increased after treatment (p = 0.022). Our research revealed that Breg deficiency is an immunopathogenic feature of DM and provided insights into the design of new immunotherapy target for DM clinical interventions.
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