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Tang WY, Zhang YH, Zhang YS, Liao Y, Luo JS, Liu JH, Peng CJ, Tang YL, Huang DP, Sun X, Luo XQ. Abnormal thymic B cell activation and impaired T cell differentiation in pristane-induced lupus mice. Immunol Lett 2021; 231:49-60. [PMID: 33428991 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the thymus and potential mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis in pristane-induced lupus (PIL) mice are poorly understood. This study aimed to systematically and specifically examine changes in the thymus and the potential mechanisms responsible for immunological abnormalities in PIL mice. The results showed that PIL mice exhibit serious thymic hyperplasia, an elevated thymus index, a damaged histopathological structure and increased thymocyte apoptosis. We found that thymic T cell differentiation was impaired as the CD4+ CD8+ double-positive (DP) thymocyte frequency significantly decreased, becoming almost absent at 28 weeks after induction, while CD4 CD8- double-negative (DN) thymocytes and CD4+ CD8- single-positive (CD4+ SP) and CD4 CD8+ single-positive (CD8+ SP) cells were increased. This phenomenon might be explained by an inhibition of the DN-to-DP-cell transition and stimulation of DP cell conversion into CD4+ /CD8+ SP thymocytes. Moreover, we discovered a dramatic and abnormal increase in thymic B cells, that was associated with CD19, Irf8, Ebf1, Pax5, Irf4, Blk, CXCL13, CXCR5, CD79a, CD79b, Lyn, Syk, Btk, and BLNK gene accumulation, which exhibited positive interactions. We further verified that the mRNA expression of these genes was significantly upregulated and consistent with the RNA-seq results. These results suggest a role of these genes in the increase of B cells in the thymus of PIL mice. In summary, our results showed the changes in the thymus in PIL and elucidated the immunologic abnormalities of increased B cells, potentially providing insight into the associated molecular mechanisms and facilitating further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yan Tang
- Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yan-Hua Zhang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yi-Shu Zhang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yao Liao
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jie-Si Luo
- Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jia-Hua Liu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chun-Jin Peng
- Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yan-Lai Tang
- Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dan-Ping Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xue-Qun Luo
- Department of Paediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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池 彦, 张 延, 张 秋, 刘 翠, 李 斌. [Clinicopathological analysis of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma secondary to Sjögren' s syndrome in salivary gland]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2020; 53:40-45. [PMID: 33550334 PMCID: PMC7867984 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma secondary to Sjögren' s syndrome (SS) (SS-MALT lymphoma) in salivary gland and to explore the value of the combined application of histopathological morphology, protein expression and molecular phenotype in pathological diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of SS-MALT lymphoma. METHODS Sixteen patients with SS-MALT lymphoma were collected from 260 patients who were diagnosed with SS in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 1997 to December 2016. Twelve patients with non-MALT lymphoma secondary to SS (non-SS-MALT lymphoma) in salivary gland were selected as controls. The clinical data of the patients were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. All the patients were followed up until December 20, 2019. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques were used to observe the histologic characteristics and to detect the manifestations of light chain restrictive expression, immunoglobulin (Ig) gene clonal rearrangement, chromosome translocation and gene abnormality, so as to evaluate their values in pathological diagnosis and prognostic evaluation. RESULTS The malignant transformation rate of SS to MALT lymphoma was about 6.15%, ranged from 3 to 240 months, during which 2 patients died due to high-level deterioration. Microscopically, the acini of the glandular tissue were atrophied and destroyed. The tumor cells dominated by central cell-like lymphocytes grew diffusely, destroying the epithelial islands. All SS-MALT lymphoma cases were positive in CD20 and Pax5. Half of them had the Ki-67 proliferation index of 10% or less, and half greater than 10%. 93.75% cases expressed AE1/AE3 protein, which showed the residual glandular epithelium. All the tumor cells were negative in CD3ε, and the plasma cells were detected by CD138 antigen. The light chain restrictive expression of κ and λ was 37.5% in SS-MALT lymphoma group. The positive detection rates of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH)-FR1, IgH-FR2, IgH-FR3, immunoglobulin kappa chain (IgK)-A, and IgK-B in SS-MALT lymphoma group were 33.3%, 53.3%, 33.3%, 20.0%, and 26.7%, respectively, and 93.3% when together used with IgH and IgK. The positive rates of the MALT1, IGH and BCL6 genes with dual color break-apart probes were 36.4%, 27.3% and 27.3%, and the detection rate of chromosome translocation and gene abnormality by applying the three probes was 72.7%. CONCLUSION There are no specific histological characteristics and protein phenotypes in the histologic diagnosis of SS-MALT lymphoma in salivary gland. The combined application of histopathological manifestations, immunohistochemistry, PCR and FISH techniques helps the accurate pathologic diagnosis of the disease. Although SS-MALT lymphoma is considered as an indolent lymphoma with a relatively favorable prognosis, the regular return visit and long-term follow-up should be conducted to detect the clues of recurrence and advanced deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- 彦廷 池
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,病理科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- 中国医学科学院口腔颌面部肿瘤精准病理诊断创新单元(2019RU034),北京 100081Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing 100081, China
| | - 延平 张
- 郑州大学第一附属医院病理科,郑州 450052Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - 秋露 张
- 四川大学华西临床医学院,成都 610041West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - 翠苓 刘
- 北京大学基础医学院病理学系,北京 100191Department of Pathology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing 100191, China
- 北京大学第三医院病理科,北京 100191Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 斌斌 李
- 北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,病理科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Oral Pathology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
- 中国医学科学院口腔颌面部肿瘤精准病理诊断创新单元(2019RU034),北京 100081Research Unit of Precision Pathologic Diagnosis in Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Regions, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU034), Beijing 100081, China
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Xiao B, Li J, Zhou M, Li X, Huang X, Hang J, Sun Z, Li L. [Structure and function of B-cell linker and its role in the development of B cell-related diseases]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:253-256. [PMID: 30890517 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.02.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
B cell linker (BLNK) is a key linker protein of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway. BLNK participates in the regulation of PLC-γactivity and the activation of Ras pathway through its typical structure and interaction network with other proteins, and is thus widely involved in the regulation of B cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and signal transduction. Furthermore, it is closely related to anaphylactic diseases, multiple sclerosis, chromosomal aneuploidy, aneuglobulinemia, B lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma. Herein we review the structure and biological function of BLNK and its role in B cell-related diseases. BLNK can cooperate with a series of effective proteins to activate BCR signaling pathway, thereby regulating the development, maturation and function of B cells. The functional mutation of BLNK can destroy the homeostasis of B cells and affect the development and maturation of B cells, which leads to the occurrence of B cell related diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the biological functions of BLNK not only provides insights into the pathogenesis of B cell-related diseases, but also inspires new ideas and helps to find breakthroughs for the treatment of these diseases with BLNK as the therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mengsi Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Jianfeng Hang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Zhaohui Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
| | - Linhai Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou 510010, China
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Castillo D, Galvez JM, Herrera LJ, Rojas F, Valenzuela O, Caba O, Prados J, Rojas I. Leukemia multiclass assessment and classification from Microarray and RNA-seq technologies integration at gene expression level. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212127. [PMID: 30753220 PMCID: PMC6372182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In more recent years, a significant increase in the number of available biological experiments has taken place due to the widespread use of massive sequencing data. Furthermore, the continuous developments in the machine learning and in the high performance computing areas, are allowing a faster and more efficient analysis and processing of this type of data. However, biological information about a certain disease is normally widespread due to the use of different sequencing technologies and different manufacturers, in different experiments along the years around the world. Thus, nowadays it is of paramount importance to attain a correct integration of biologically-related data in order to achieve genuine benefits from them. For this purpose, this work presents an integration of multiple Microarray and RNA-seq platforms, which has led to the design of a multiclass study by collecting samples from the main four types of leukemia, quantified at gene expression. Subsequently, in order to find a set of differentially expressed genes with the highest discernment capability among different types of leukemia, an innovative parameter referred to as coverage is presented here. This parameter allows assessing the number of different pathologies that a certain gen is able to discern. It has been evaluated together with other widely known parameters under assessment of an ANOVA statistical test which corroborated its filtering power when the identified genes are subjected to a machine learning process at multiclass level. The optimal tuning of gene extraction evaluated parameters by means of this statistical test led to the selection of 42 highly relevant expressed genes. By the use of minimum-Redundancy Maximum-Relevance (mRMR) feature selection algorithm, these genes were reordered and assessed under the operation of four different classification techniques. Outstanding results were achieved by taking exclusively the first ten genes of the ranking into consideration. Finally, specific literature was consulted on this last subset of genes, revealing the occurrence of practically all of them with biological processes related to leukemia. At sight of these results, this study underlines the relevance of considering a new parameter which facilitates the identification of highly valid expressed genes for simultaneously discerning multiple types of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castillo
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Galvez
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis J. Herrera
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Rojas
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Valenzuela
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Octavio Caba
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Prados
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Rojas
- Department of Computer Architecture and Computer Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms: what have we learnt by studying 67 cases. Virchows Arch 2017; 471:467-489. [PMID: 28695297 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumors derived from histiocytic and dendritic cells encompass a large and heterogeneous group of neoplastic and reactive conditions, and their diagnosis is challenging both for pathologists and clinicians. Diagnosis is based on morphological and phenotypical findings, but hybrid features are not uncommon. Furthermore, recent studies uncovered the molecular mechanisms driving some of these tumors, improving diagnostic adequacy, and providing the basis for effective therapeutic breakthroughs.Sixty-seven cases were submitted to the accessory cell and histiocytic neoplasms session at the European Association of Haematopathology/Society for Hematopathology workshop 2016 held in Basel, Switzerland. The cases included histiocytic sarcomas (HS), Langerhans cell tumors (LCT), Erdheim-Chester disease, interdigitating dendritic cell sarcomas (IDCS), indeterminate dendritic cell tumors (IND-DCT), follicular dendritic cell sarcomas, and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms. Rosai-Dorfman disease and, more rare, conditions such as ALK-positive histiocytosis were also submitted. These cases illustrated classical and unexpected features at morphological, phenotypical, and molecular levels, providing a valuable compendium for pathologists confronting with these tumors.The paper summarizes the most notable features of every single group of diseases, with comments about the most challenging issues, in the attempt to provide practical indications for their recognition.
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Winters AC, Bernt KM. MLL-Rearranged Leukemias-An Update on Science and Clinical Approaches. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:4. [PMID: 28232907 PMCID: PMC5299633 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) gene (now renamed Lysine [K]-specific MethylTransferase 2A or KMT2A) on chromosome 11q23 is disrupted in a unique group of acute leukemias. More than 80 different partner genes in these fusions have been described, although the majority of leukemias result from MLL1 fusions with one of about six common partner genes. Approximately 10% of all leukemias harbor MLL1 translocations. Of these, two patient populations comprise the majority of cases: patients younger than 1 year of age at diagnosis (primarily acute lymphoblastic leukemias) and young- to-middle-aged adults (primarily acute myeloid leukemias). A much rarer subgroup of patients with MLL1 rearrangements develop leukemia that is attributable to prior treatment with certain chemotherapeutic agents-so-called therapy-related leukemias. In general, outcomes for all of these patients remain poor when compared to patients with non-MLL1 rearranged leukemias. In this review, we will discuss the normal biological roles of MLL1 and its fusion partners, how these roles are hypothesized to be dysregulated in the context of MLL1 rearrangements, and the clinical manifestations of this group of leukemias. We will go on to discuss the progress in clinical management and promising new avenues of research, which may lead to more effective targeted therapies for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Winters
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Kathrin M Bernt
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado , Aurora, CO , USA
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