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Blinova VG, Zhdanov DD. Many Faces of Regulatory T Cells: Heterogeneity or Plasticity? Cells 2024; 13:959. [PMID: 38891091 PMCID: PMC11171907 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are essential for maintaining the immune balance in normal and pathological conditions. In autoimmune diseases and transplantation, they restrain the loss of self-tolerance and promote engraftment, whereas in cancer, an increase in Treg numbers is mostly associated with tumor growth and poor prognosis. Numerous markers and their combinations have been used to identify Treg subsets, demonstrating the phenotypic diversity of Tregs. The complexity of Treg identification can be hampered by the unstable expression of some markers, the decrease in the expression of a specific marker over time or the emergence of a new marker. It remains unclear whether such phenotypic shifts are due to new conditions or whether the observed changes are due to initially different populations. In the first case, cellular plasticity is observed, whereas in the second, cellular heterogeneity is observed. The difference between these terms in relation to Tregs is rather blurred. Considering the promising perspectives of Tregs in regenerative cell-based therapy, the existing confusing data on Treg phenotypes require further investigation and analysis. In our review, we introduce criteria that allow us to distinguish between the heterogeneity and plasticity of Tregs normally and pathologically, taking a closer look at their diversity and drawing the line between two terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara G. Blinova
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biochemistry, People’s Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Zhdanov DD, Gladilina YA, Blinova VG, Abramova AA, Shishparenok AN, Eliseeva DD. Induction of FoxP3 Pre-mRNA Alternative Splicing to Enhance the Suppressive Activity of Regulatory T Cells from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1022. [PMID: 38790984 PMCID: PMC11117958 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) is a key transcription factor responsible for the development, maturation, and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The FoxP3 pre-mRNA is subject to alternative splicing, resulting in the translation of multiple splice variants. We have shown that Tregs from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have reduced expression of full-length (FL) FoxP3, while other truncated splice variants are expressed predominantly. A correlation was observed between the reduced number of Tregs in the peripheral blood of ALS patients, reduced total FoxP3 mRNA, and reduced mRNA of its FL splice variant. Induction of FL FoxP3 was achieved using splice-switching oligonucleotides capable of base pairing with FoxP3 pre-mRNA and selectively modulating the inclusion of exons 2 and 7 in the mature mRNA. Selective expression of FL FoxP3 resulted in the induction of CD127low, CD152, and Helios-positive cells, while the cell markers CD4 and CD25 were not altered. Such Tregs had an increased proliferative activity and a higher frequency of cell divisions per day. The increased suppressive activity of Tregs with the induced FL FoxP3 splice variant was associated with the increased synthesis of the pro-apoptotic granzymes A and B, and perforin, IL-10, and IL-35, which are responsible for contact-independent suppression, and with the increased ability to suppress telomerase in target cells. The upregulation of Treg suppressive and proliferative activity using splice-switching oligonucleotides to induce the predominant expression of the FoxP3 FL variant is a promising approach for regenerative cell therapy in Treg-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.G.); (V.G.B.); (A.A.A.); (A.N.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A. Gladilina
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.G.); (V.G.B.); (A.A.A.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Varvara G. Blinova
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.G.); (V.G.B.); (A.A.A.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Anna A. Abramova
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.G.); (V.G.B.); (A.A.A.); (A.N.S.)
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasia N. Shishparenok
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (Y.A.G.); (V.G.B.); (A.A.A.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Daria D. Eliseeva
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia;
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Blinova VG, Gladilina YA, Abramova AA, Eliseeva DD, Vtorushina VV, Shishparenok AN, Zhdanov DD. Modulation of Suppressive Activity and Proliferation of Human Regulatory T Cells by Splice-Switching Oligonucleotides Targeting FoxP3 Pre-mRNA. Cells 2023; 13:77. [PMID: 38201281 PMCID: PMC10777989 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The maturation, development, and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) are under the control of the crucial transcription factor Forkhead Box Protein 3 (FoxP3). Through alternative splicing, the human FoxP3 gene produces four different splice variants: a full-length variant (FL) and truncated variants with deletions of each of exons 2 (∆2 variant) or 7 (∆7 variant) or a deletion of both exons (∆2∆7 variant). Their involvement in the biology of Tregs as well as their association with autoimmune diseases remains to be clarified. The aim of this work was to induce a single FoxP3 splice variant in human Tregs by splice switching oligonucleotides and to monitor their phenotype and proliferative and suppressive activity. We demonstrated that Tregs from peripheral blood from patients with multiple sclerosis preferentially expressed truncated splice variants, while the FL variant was the major variant in healthy donors. Tregs with induced expression of truncated FoxP3 splice variants demonstrated lower suppressive activity than those expressing FL variants. Reduced suppression was associated with the decreased expression of Treg-associated suppressive surface molecules and the production of cytokines. The deletion of exons 2 and/or 7 also reduced the cell proliferation rate. The results of this study show an association between FoxP3 splice variants and Treg function and proliferation. The modulation of Treg suppressive activity by the induction of the FoxP3 FL variant can become a promising strategy for regenerative immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara G. Blinova
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.B.); (Y.A.G.); (A.A.A.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Yulia A. Gladilina
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.B.); (Y.A.G.); (A.A.A.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Anna A. Abramova
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.B.); (Y.A.G.); (A.A.A.); (A.N.S.)
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Daria D. Eliseeva
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoe Shosse, 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Valentina V. Vtorushina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Academician Oparin st. 4, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasia N. Shishparenok
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.B.); (Y.A.G.); (A.A.A.); (A.N.S.)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (V.G.B.); (Y.A.G.); (A.A.A.); (A.N.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, People’s Friendship University of Russia Named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya st. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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Hieber C, Grabbe S, Bros M. Counteracting Immunosenescence-Which Therapeutic Strategies Are Promising? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1085. [PMID: 37509121 PMCID: PMC10377144 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging attenuates the overall responsiveness of the immune system to eradicate pathogens. The increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by innate immune cells under basal conditions, termed inflammaging, contributes to impaired innate immune responsiveness towards pathogen-mediated stimulation and limits antigen-presenting activity. Adaptive immune responses are attenuated as well due to lowered numbers of naïve lymphocytes and their impaired responsiveness towards antigen-specific stimulation. Additionally, the numbers of immunoregulatory cell types, comprising regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, that inhibit the activity of innate and adaptive immune cells are elevated. This review aims to summarize our knowledge on the cellular and molecular causes of immunosenescence while also taking into account senescence effects that constitute immune evasion mechanisms in the case of chronic viral infections and cancer. For tumor therapy numerous nanoformulated drugs have been developed to overcome poor solubility of compounds and to enable cell-directed delivery in order to restore immune functions, e.g., by addressing dysregulated signaling pathways. Further, nanovaccines which efficiently address antigen-presenting cells to mount sustained anti-tumor immune responses have been clinically evaluated. Further, senolytics that selectively deplete senescent cells are being tested in a number of clinical trials. Here we discuss the potential use of such drugs to improve anti-aging therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hieber
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Grabbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Blinova VG, Vasilyev VI, Rodionova EB, Zhdanov DD. The Role of Regulatory T Cells in the Onset and Progression of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:1359. [PMID: 37408193 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in maintaining immune balance and regulating the loss of self-tolerance mechanisms in various autoimmune diseases, including primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). With the development of pSS primarily in the exocrine glands, lymphocytic infiltration occurs in the early stages, mainly due to activated CD4+ T cells. Subsequently, in the absence of rational therapy, patients develop ectopic lymphoid structures and lymphomas. While the suppression of autoactivated CD4+ T cells is involved in the pathological process, the main role belongs to Tregs, making them a target for research and possible regenerative therapy. However, the available information about their role in the onset and progression of this disease seems unsystematized and, in certain aspects, controversial. In our review, we aimed to organize the data on the role of Tregs in the pathogenesis of pSS, as well as to discuss possible strategies of cell therapy for this disease. This review provides information on the differentiation, activation, and suppressive functions of Tregs and the role of the FoxP3 protein in these processes. It also highlights data on various subpopulations of Tregs in pSS, their proportion in the peripheral blood and minor salivary glands of patients as well as their role in the development of ectopic lymphoid structures. Our data emphasize the need for further research on Tregs and highlight their potential use as a cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara G Blinova
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Vasilyev
- Joint and Heart Treatment Center, Nizhnyaya Krasnoselskaya St. 4, 107140 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitry D Zhdanov
- Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya St. 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Latysheva AS, Zolottsev VA, Veselovsky AV, Scherbakov KA, Morozevich GE, Zhdanov DD, Novikov RA, Misharin AY. Oxazolinyl derivatives of androst-16-ene as inhibitors of CYP17A1 activity and prostate carcinoma cells proliferation: Effects of substituents in oxazolinyl moiety. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 230:106280. [PMID: 36870373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroid derivatives modified with nitrogen containing heterocycles are known to inhibit activity of steroidogenic enzymes, decrease proliferation of cancer cells and attract attention as promising anticancer agents. Specifically, 2'-(3β-hydroxyandrosta-5,16-dien-17-yl)-4',5'-dihydro-1',3'-oxazole 1a potently inhibited proliferation of prostate carcinoma cells. In this study we synthesized and investigated five new derivatives of 3β-hydroxyandrosta-5,16-diene comprising 4'-methyl or 4'-phenyl substituted oxazolinyl cycle 1 (b-f). Docking of compounds 1 (a-f) to CYP17A1 active site revealed that the presence of substitutents at C4' atom in oxazoline cycle, as well as C4' atom configuration, significantly affect docking poses of compounds in the complexes with enzyme. Testing of compounds 1 (a-f) as CYP17A1 inhibitors revealed that the only compound 1a, comprising unsubstituted oxazolinyl moiety, demonstrated strong inhibitory activity, while other compounds 1 (b-f) were slightly active or non active. Compounds 1 (a-f) efficiently decreased growth and proliferation of prostate carcinoma LNCaP and PC-3 cells at 96 h incubation; the effect of compound 1a was the most powerful. Compound 1a efficiently stimulated apoptosis and caused PC-3 cells death, that was demonstrated by a direct comparison of pro-apoptotic effects of compound 1a and abiraterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Latysheva
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya street, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Zolottsev
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya street, 119435 Moscow, Russia; RUDN University, 6, Miklukho-Maklaya street, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Veselovsky
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya street, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill A Scherbakov
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya street, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina E Morozevich
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya street, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry D Zhdanov
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya street, 119435 Moscow, Russia; RUDN University, 6, Miklukho-Maklaya street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman A Novikov
- V.A. Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, 32, Vavilov street, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Y Misharin
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10, Pogodinskaya street, 119435 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Agafonova L, Zhdanov D, Gladilina Y, Kanashenko S, Shumyantseva V. A pilot study on an electrochemical approach for assessing transient DNA transfection in eukaryotic cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Cytoprotective Activity of Polyamines Is Associated with the Alternative Splicing of RAD51A Pre-mRNA in Normal Human CD4 + T Lymphocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031863. [PMID: 35163785 PMCID: PMC8837172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological polyamines are ubiquitous polycations with pleiotropic biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression and cell proliferation as well as modulation of cell signaling. They can also decrease DNA damage and promote cell survival. In the present study, we demonstrated that polyamines have cytoprotective effects on normal human CD4+ T lymphocytes but not on cancer Jurkat or K562 cells. Pretreatment of lymphocytes with polyamines resulted in a significant reduction in cells with DNA damage induced by doxorubicin, cisplatin, or irinotecan, leading to an increase in cell survival and viability. The induction of RAD51A expression was in response to DNA damage in both cancer and normal cells. However, in normal cells, putrescin pretreatment resulted in alternative splicing of RAD51A and the switch of the predominant expression from the splice variant with the deletion of exon 4 to the full-length variant. Induction of RAD51A alternative splicing by splice-switching oligonucleotides resulted in a decrease in DNA damage and cell protection against cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The results of this study suggest that the cytoprotective activity of polyamines is associated with the alternative splicing of RAD51A pre-mRNA in normal human CD4+ T lymphocytes. The difference in the sensitivity of normal and cancer cells to polyamines may become the basis for the use of these compounds to protect normal lymphocytes during lymphoblastic chemotherapy.
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Blinova VG, Gladilina YA, Eliseeva DD, Lobaeva TA, Zhdanov DD. [Increased suppressor activity of transformed ex vivo regulatory T-cells in comparison with unstimulated cells of the same donor]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2022; 68:55-67. [PMID: 35221297 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20226801055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺CD127low (Tregs) play a key role in the maintenance of tolerance to auto antigens, inhibit function of effector T and B lymphocytes, and provide a balance between effector and regulatory arms of immunity. Patients with autoimmune diseases have decreased Treg numbers and impaired suppressive activity. Transformed ex vivo autologous Tregs could restore destroyed balance of the immune system. We developed a method for Treg precursor cell cultivation. Following the method, we were able to grown up 300-400 million of Tregs cells from 50 ml of peripheral blood during a week. Transformed ex vivo Tregs are 90-95% CD4⁺CD25⁺FoxP3⁺CD127low and have increased expression of transcription genes FoxP3 and Helios. Transformed ex vivo Tregs have increased demethylation of FoxP3 promoter and activated genes of proliferation markers Cycline B1, Ki67 and LGALS 1. Transformed ex vivo Tregs have increased suppressive activity and up to 80-90% these cells secrete cytokines TNFα и IFNγ. Our data suggest transformed ex vivo autologous Tregs have genetic, immunophenotypic and functional characteristics for regulatory T-cells and further can be used for adoptive immunotherapy autoimmune diseases and inhibition of transplantation immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V G Blinova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - T A Lobaeva
- Department of Biochemistry, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - D D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Department of Biochemistry, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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Liu L, Du X, Fang J, Zhao J, Guo Y, Zhao Y, Zou C, Yan X, Li W. Development of an Interferon Gamma Response-Related Signature for Prediction of Survival in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4969-4985. [PMID: 34611422 PMCID: PMC8485924 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s334041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of tumors. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) represents a prevalent malignant urinary system tumor. An effective predictive model is required to evaluate the prognosis of patients to optimize treatment. Materials and Methods RNA-sequencing data and clinicopathological data from TCGA were involved in this retrospective study. The IFN-γ response genes with significantly different gene expression were screened out. Univariate Cox regression, LASSO regression and multivariate Cox regression were used to establish a new prognostic scoring model for the training group. Survival curves and ROC curves were drawn, and nomogram was constructed. At the same time, we conducted subgroup analysis and experimental verification using our own samples. Finally, we evaluated the relatedness between the prognostic signature and immune infiltration landscapes. In addition, the sensitivity of different risk groups to six drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors was calculated. Results The IFN-γ response-related signature included 7 genes: C1S, IFI44, ST3GAL5, NUP93, TDRD7, DDX60, and ST8SIA4. The survival curves of the training and testing groups showed the model's effectiveness (P = 4.372e-11 and P = 1.08e-08, respectively), the ROC curves showed that the signature was stable, and subgroup analyses showed the wide applicability of the model (P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk model was an independent prognostic factor of ccRCC. A high-risk score may represent an immunosuppressive microenvironment, while the high-risk group exhibited poor sensitivity to drugs. Conclusion Our findings strongly indicate that the IFN-γ response-related signature can be used as an effective prognostic indicator of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedan Du
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Fang
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinduo Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyang Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Yan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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11
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Plyasova AA, Berrino E, Khan II, Veselovsky AV, Pokrovsky VS, Angeli A, Ferraroni M, Supuran CT, Pokrovskaya MV, Alexandrova SS, Gladilina YA, Sokolov NN, Hilal A, Carta F, Zhdanov DD. Mechanisms of the Antiproliferative and Antitumor Activity of Novel Telomerase-Carbonic Anhydrase Dual-Hybrid Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11432-11444. [PMID: 34283610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human (h) telomerase (TL; EC 2.7.7.49) plays a key role in sustaining cancer cells by means of elongating telomeric repeats at the 3' ends of chromosomes. Since TL-inhibitor (TI) stand-alone cancer therapy has been proven to be remarkably challenging, a polypharmacological approach represents a valid alternative. Here we consider a series of compounds able to inhibit both hTL and the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases (CAs; EC 4.2.1.1) IX and XII. Compounds 7 and 9 suppressed hTL activity in both cell lysates and human colon cancer cell lines, and prolonged incubation with either 7 or 9 resulted in telomere shortening, cell cycle arrest, replicative senescence, and apoptosis. Enzyme kinetics showed that 7 and 9 are mixed-type inhibitors of the binding of DNA primers and deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) to the TL catalytic subunit hTERT, which is in agreement with docking experiments. Compound 9 showed antitumor activity in Colo-205 mouse xenografts and suppressed telomerase activity by telomere reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A Plyasova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Emanuela Berrino
- Dipartimento di Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Irina I Khan
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, Moscow 117198, Russia.,N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | | | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, Moscow 117198, Russia.,N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 24, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento di Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Ferraroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff", Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento di Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Marina V Pokrovskaya
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | | | - Yulia A Gladilina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Abdullah Hilal
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Dipartimento di Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Dmitry D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Street 10/8, Moscow 119121, Russia
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12
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Plyasova AA, Zhdanov DD. Alternative Splicing of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) and Its Implications in Physiological and Pathological Processes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:526. [PMID: 34065134 PMCID: PMC8150890 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) of human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT, human telomerase reverse transcriptase) pre-mRNA strongly regulates telomerase activity. Several proteins can regulate AS in a cell type-specific manner and determine the functions of cells. In addition to being involved in telomerase activity regulation, AS provides cells with different splice variants that may have alternative biological activities. The modulation of telomerase activity through the induction of hTERT AS is involved in the development of different cancer types and embryos, and the differentiation of stem cells. Regulatory T cells may suppress the proliferation of target human and murine T and B lymphocytes and NK cells in a contact-independent manner involving activation of TERT AS. This review focuses on the mechanism of regulation of hTERT pre-mRNA AS and the involvement of splice variants in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dmitry D. Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya st 10/8, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
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13
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Inhibition of nuclease activity by a splice-switching oligonucleotide targeting deoxyribonuclease 1 mRNA prevents apoptosis progression and prolong viability of normal human CD4 + T-lymphocytes. Biochimie 2020; 174:34-43. [PMID: 32315661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nuclease activity of deoxyribonuclease 1 (DNase I) is regulated by alternative splicing (AS) of its mRNA. The aim of this study was to define the ability of a splice-switching oligonucleotide (SSO) that base-paired with DNase I pre-mRNA to induce AS and inhibit nuclease activity in human T, B and NK lymphocytes. The SSO for DNase I could significantly downregulate the expression of full-length active DNase I and upregulate a truncated splice variant with a deleted exon 4. Such an induction of AS resulted in inhibition of nuclease activity and slowed apoptosis progression in anti-CD95/FAS stimulated lymphocytes. These results should facilitate further investigations of apoptosis regulation in lymphocytes and demonstrate that SSOs for DNase I are promising cytoprotective agents.
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14
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Zhdanov DD, Plyasova AA, Gladilina YA, Pokrovsky VS, Grishin DV, Grachev VA, Orlova VS, Pokrovskaya MV, Alexandrova SS, Lobaeva TA, Sokolov NN. Inhibition of telomerase activity by splice-switching oligonucleotides targeting the mRNA of the telomerase catalytic subunit affects proliferation of human CD4 + T lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:790-796. [PMID: 30612734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase activity is regulated at the mRNA level by alternative splicing (AS) of its catalytic subunit hTERT. The aim of this study was to define the ability of splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) that pair with hTERT pre-mRNA to induce AS and inhibit telomerase activity in human CD4+ T lymphocytes. SSOs that blocked the binding of a single splicing regulatory protein, SRp20 or SRp40, to its site within intron 8 of hTERT pre-mRNA demonstrated rather moderate capacities to induce AS and inhibit telomerase. However, a SSO that blocked the interaction of both SRp20 and SRp40 proteins with pre-mRNA was the most active. Cultivation of lymphocytes with spliced hTERT and inhibited telomerase resulted in the reduction of proliferative activity without significant induction of cell death. These results should facilitate further investigation of telomerase activity regulation, and antitelomerase SSOs could become promising agents for antiproliferative cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry D Zhdanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya st, 119121, Moscow, Russia; Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anna A Plyasova
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya st, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia A Gladilina
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya st, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim S Pokrovsky
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya st, 119121, Moscow, Russia; Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198, Moscow, Russia; N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoe Shosse, 115478, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Grishin
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya st, 119121, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Grachev
- Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina S Orlova
- Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Tatiana A Lobaeva
- Рeoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Sokolov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10/8 Pogodinskaya st, 119121, Moscow, Russia
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