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Boni C, Rossi M, Montali I, Tiezzi C, Vecchi A, Penna A, Doselli S, Reverberi V, Ceccatelli Berti C, Montali A, Schivazappa S, Laccabue D, Missale G, Fisicaro P. What Is the Current Status of Hepatitis B Virus Viro-Immunology? Clin Liver Dis 2023; 27:819-836. [PMID: 37778772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is closely dependent on the dynamic interplay between the host immune response and viral replication. Spontaneous HBV clearance in acute self-limited infection is the result of an adequate and efficient antiviral immune response. Instead, it is widely recognized that in chronic HBV infection, immunologic dysfunction contributes to viral persistence. Long-lasting exposure to high viral antigens, upregulation of multiple co-inhibitory receptors, dysfunctional intracellular signaling pathways and metabolic alterations, and intrahepatic regulatory mechanisms have been described as features ultimately leading to a hierarchical loss of effector functions up to full T-cell exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Boni
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marzia Rossi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Montali
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Camilla Tiezzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchi
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Amalia Penna
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Sara Doselli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Valentina Reverberi
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Anna Montali
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Schivazappa
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Diletta Laccabue
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Missale
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Fisicaro
- Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Liu C, Chen K, Zhao F, Xuan L, Wang Y, Xu C, Wu Z, Wang D, Qu C. Occult infection with hepatitis B virus PreS variants synergistically promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development in a high-fat diet context by generating abnormal ceramides. BMC Med 2022; 20:279. [PMID: 36058909 PMCID: PMC9442965 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are resulted from PreS mutations that reduce secretion of envelope protein (HBsAg). We investigated the ceramide amounts and species in hepatocytes infected with PreS variants that were isolated from HBsAg-seronegative patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the ceramide effects on autochthonous HCC development in murine models. METHODS HBV PreS/S regions from 35 HBsAg-seronegative HCC patients were sequenced. Hepatocyte cell lines and male C57BL/6J mouse livers were transfected with two PreS variant representatives. The ceramides with variated lengths of fatty acyl chains were quantified. Tumour development was examined in the HBV-transfected mice fed different diet types. RESULTS In HBsAg-seronegative HCC patients, nonneoplastic liver tissues harboured HBsAg and replication-competent HBV. The most frequently detected PreS/S variants carried mutations of altered amino acid properties in HBsAg compared with an isolate from one HBsAg-seronegative HCC patient. Hepatocyte infection with PreS variants caused HBsAg retention within the endoplasmic reticulum and generated more amounts of ceramides with C16:0 ceramide elevated the highest. Saturated fatty acids aggravated the PreS variant-infected hepatocytes to generate abnormal amounts and species of ceramides, which with HBV proteins synergistically activated NLRP3 inflammasome in liver inflammatory macrophages. Liver tumours were only detected in HBV-transfected mice fed high-fat diet, with higher tumour loads in the PreS variant-transfected, associated with abnormal ceramide generation. CONCLUSIONS HBV PreS mutations which altered amino acid properties of envelope proteins inhibited HBsAg secretion. Hepatocyte infection with PreS variants generated abnormal ceramides which with HBV proteins coactivated NLRP3 inflammasome in liver macrophages to promote autochthonous HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology & Immunology Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 17 Panjiayuan South Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Chen
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology & Immunology Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 17 Panjiayuan South Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhao
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology & Immunology Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 17 Panjiayuan South Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Xuan
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology & Immunology Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 17 Panjiayuan South Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology & Immunology Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 17 Panjiayuan South Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chungui Xu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology & Immunology Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 17 Panjiayuan South Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology & Immunology Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 17 Panjiayuan South Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology & Immunology Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 17 Panjiayuan South Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunfeng Qu
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology & Immunology Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 17 Panjiayuan South Lane, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Sun YH, Gao J, Shi JH, Cao SL, Yan ZP, Liu XD, Zhang HP, Li J, Guo WZ, Zhang SJ. Interaction analysis of FADS2 gene variants with chronic hepatitis B infection in Chinese patients. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 101:105289. [PMID: 35489698 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The risk of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection is often affected by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) metabolism which is strongly influenced by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the PUFA metabolic pathway. Given this, we designed this study to determine the relationship between specific polymorphisms within fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2), a key enzyme in PUFA metabolism, and CHB infection. We completed this evaluation using a case-control study comprising 230 CHB patients and 234 unrelated healthy controls in which the genetic relationships between three previously identified SNPs, isolated via mass spectrometry, and CHB infection. Our data revealed that none of these three SNPs (rs174568, rs174601, and rs2727270) were significantly associated with susceptibility to CHB infection when compared to healthy controls. However, when we stratified our cohort by sex, male subjects with the TC genotype for FADS2 exhibited a decreased risk for CHB infection (OR = 0.62, 95%CI = 0.39-0.96; OR = 0.64, 95%CI = 0.41-1.00; OR = 0.57, 95%CI = 0.36-0.90). Furthermore, age stratification revealed that both the T allele and the TC genotypes for each of the three target SNPs were less common in Chinese CHB cases in people younger than 50 years old. Correlation analysis also revealed that there was no statistically significant relationship between these three SNPs and HBV-DNA replication or hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels. Thus, our data suggests that rs174568, rs174601, and rs2727270 may affect the CHB outcomes in various age or sex subgroups, suggesting that they may be useful predictive or diagnostic biomarkers of CHB infection in some populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Hui Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, China; Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, China; Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, China
| | - Ji-Hua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, China; Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, China
| | - Sheng-Li Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, China; Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, China; Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, China
| | - Xu-Dong Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, China; Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, China
| | - Hua-Peng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, China; Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, China; Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, China; Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, China
| | - Shui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, China; Zhengzhou Engineering Laboratory of Organ Transplantation Technique and Application, China.
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Kamble N, Gurung A, Kaufer BB, Pathan AA, Behboudi S. Marek's Disease Virus Modulates T Cell Proliferation via Activation of Cyclooxygenase 2-Dependent Prostaglandin E2. Front Immunol 2022; 12:801781. [PMID: 35003129 PMCID: PMC8727754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.801781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek’s disease virus (MDV), an avian alphaherpesvirus, infects chickens, transforms CD4+ T cells, and induces immunosuppression early during infection. However, the exact mechanisms involved in MDV-induced immunosuppression are yet to be identified. Here, our results demonstrate that MDV infection in vitro and in vivo induces activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This exerts its inhibitory effects on T cell proliferation at day 21 post infection via PGE2 receptor 2 (EP2) and receptor 4 (EP4). Impairment of the MDV-induced T cell proliferation was associated with downregulation of IL-2 and transferrin uptake in a COX-2/PGE2 dependent manner in vitro. Interestingly, oral administration of a COX-2 inhibitor, meloxicam, during MDV infection inhibited COX-2 activation and rescued T cell proliferation at day 21 post infection. Taken together, our results reveal a novel mechanism that contributes to immunosuppression in the MDV-infected chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angila Gurung
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ansar Ahmed Pathan
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shahriar Behboudi
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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An Y, Yao J, Niu X. The Signaling Pathway of PGE 2 and Its Regulatory Role in T Cell Differentiation. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9087816. [PMID: 34867083 PMCID: PMC8641993 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9087816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid mediator derived from the fatty acid arachidonic acid. As an essential inflammatory factor, PGE2 has a critical impact on immune regulation through the prostanoid E (EP) receptor pathway. T cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets, play crucial roles in the adaptive immune response. Previous studies have shown that PGE2 is involved in regulating CD4+ T cell differentiation and inflammatory cytokine production via the EP receptor pathway, thereby affecting the development of diseases mediated by CD4+ T cells. In this review, we summarize the signaling pathway of PGE2 and describe the relationship between PGE2 and T cell differentiation. Hence, this review may provide important evidence for immune therapies and may even promote the development of biomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang An
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jiameng Yao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
- Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai 200025, China
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Autophagy plays a double-edged sword role in liver diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 78:9-17. [PMID: 34657993 PMCID: PMC8873123 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00844-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As a highly evolutionarily conserved process, autophagy can be found in all types of eukaryotic cells. Such a constitutive process maintains cellular homeostasis in a wide variety of cell types through the encapsulation of damaged proteins or organelles into double-membrane vesicles. Autophagy not only simply eliminates materials but also serves as a dynamic recycling system that produces new building blocks and energy for cellular renovation and homeostasis. Previous studies have primarily recognized the role of autophagy in the degradation of dysfunctional proteins and unwanted organelles. However, there are findings of autophagy in physiological and pathological processes. In hepatocytes, autophagy is not only essential for homeostatic functions but also implicated in some diseases, such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and hepatic failure. In the present review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and its role in several liver diseases and put forward several new strategies for the treatment of liver disease.
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Abstract
Viral infections lead to the death of more than a million people each year around the world, both directly and indirectly. Viruses interfere with many cell functions, particularly critical pathways for cell death, by affecting various intracellular mediators. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a major example of these mediators because they are involved in many (if not most) cellular mechanisms. Virus-regulated miRNAs have been implicated in three cell death pathways, namely, apoptosis, autophagy, and anoikis. Several molecules (e.g., BECN1 and B cell lymphoma 2 [BCL2] family members) are involved in both apoptosis and autophagy, while activation of anoikis leads to cell death similar to apoptosis. These mechanistic similarities suggest that common regulators, including some miRNAs (e.g., miR-21 and miR-192), are involved in different cell death pathways. Because the balance between cell proliferation and cell death is pivotal to the homeostasis of the human body, miRNAs that regulate cell death pathways have drawn much attention from researchers. miR-21 is regulated by several viruses and can affect both apoptosis and anoikis via modulating various targets, such as PDCD4, PTEN, interleukin (IL)-12, Maspin, and Fas-L. miR-34 can be downregulated by viral infection and has different effects on apoptosis, depending on the type of virus and/or host cell. The present review summarizes the existing knowledge on virus-regulated miRNAs involved in the modulation of cell death pathways. Understanding the mechanisms for virus-mediated regulation of cell death pathways could provide valuable information to improve the diagnosis and treatment of many viral diseases.
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Ninyio NN, Ho KL, Ong HK, Yong CY, Chee HY, Hamid M, Tan WS. Immunological Analysis of the Hepatitis B Virus "a" Determinant Displayed on Chimeric Virus-Like Particles of Macrobrachium rosenbergii Nodavirus Capsid Protein Produced in Sf9 Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020275. [PMID: 32512923 PMCID: PMC7350026 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) have been widely exploited for various purposes including their use as vaccine candidates, particularly due to their ability to induce stronger immune responses than VLPs consisting of single viral proteins. In the present study, VLPs of the Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) capsid protein (Nc) displaying the hepatitis B virus “a” determinant (aD) were produced in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells. BALB/c mice immunised with the purified chimeric Nc-aD VLPs elicited a sustained titre of anti-aD antibody, which was significantly higher than that elicited by a commercially available hepatitis B vaccine and Escherichia coli-produced Nc-aD VLPs. Immunophenotyping showed that the Sf9-produced Nc-aD VLPs induced proliferation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and NK1.1 natural killer cells. Furthermore, enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT)analysis showed the presence of antibody-secreting memory B cells in the mice splenocytes stimulated with the synthetic aD peptide. The significant humoral, natural killer cell and memory B cell immune responses induced by the Sf9-produced Nc-aD VLPs suggest that they present good prospects for use as a hepatitis B vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Nyakaat Ninyio
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (C.Y.Y.); (M.H.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, P.M.B. 2339, Tafawa Balewa Way, Kaduna 800241, Nigeria
| | - Kok Lian Ho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.L.H.); (H.K.O.)
| | - Hui Kian Ong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (K.L.H.); (H.K.O.)
| | - Chean Yeah Yong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (C.Y.Y.); (M.H.)
| | - Hui Yee Chee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Muhajir Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (C.Y.Y.); (M.H.)
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.N.N.); (C.Y.Y.); (M.H.)
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9769-6715; Fax: +603-9769-7590
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Chen L, Ming X, Li W, Bi M, Yan B, Wang X, Yang P, Yang B. The microRNA-155 mediates hepatitis B virus replication by reinforcing SOCS1 signalling-induced autophagy. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:436-442. [PMID: 31930529 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As small conserved RNAs without a coding function, microRNAs are expressed in multicellular organisms and contribute to the modulation of multiple cellular reactions, such as viral replication, as well as autophagy. microRNAs can regulate host gene expression and inhibit or reinforce hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Hepatic cells express miR-155 noticeably. Consequently, our study explored miR-155 modulation of HBV replication and investigated the potential mechanism involved. miR-155 was inhibited on HBV infection. miR-155 transfection remarkably reinforced HBV replication, antigen expression, and progeny secretion in HepG2215 cells. Moreover, miR-155 impaired the inhibition of the cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1)/Akt/mTOR axis and reinforced HepG2215 autophagy. Additionally, the autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) eliminated HBsAg secretion triggered by miR-155. Taken together, miR-155 reinforced HBV replication by reinforcing SOCS1-triggered autophagy. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The research studied the potential mechanism involved in HBV replication and miR-155 that miR-155 reinforces HBV replication by reinforcing the SOCS1/Akt/mTOR axis-stimulated autophagy, and therefore, it can provide medical practitioners with the inspiration that chronic HBV might be cured or improved by regulating the activation of miR-155 in cells. In the study, the experiments show that autophagy inhibitors (3-MA) counteracted miR-155 contribution to HBV replication, and it might be a practicable way to improve HBV through some therapies that can repress the autophagy in related cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Chen
- Department of Infection, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Haerbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ming
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin, China
| | - Wensong Li
- Department of Infection, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Haerbin, China
| | - Manru Bi
- Department of Infection, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Haerbin, China
| | - Bingzhu Yan
- Department of Infection, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Haerbin, China
| | - Xiaoren Wang
- Department of Infection, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Haerbin, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Department of Infection, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Haerbin, China
| | - Baoshan Yang
- Department of Infection, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Haerbin, China
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Maseda D, Ricciotti E, Crofford LJ. Prostaglandin regulation of T cell biology. Pharmacol Res 2019; 149:104456. [PMID: 31553935 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PG) are pleiotropic bioactive lipids involved in the control of many physiological processes, including key roles in regulating inflammation. This links PG to the modulation of the quality and magnitude of immune responses. T cells, as a core part of the immune system, respond readily to inflammatory cues from their environment, and express a diverse array of PG receptors that contribute to their function and phenotype. Here we put in context our knowledge about how PG affect T cell biology, and review advances that bring light into how specific T cell functions that have been newly discovered are modulated through PG. We will also comment on drugs that target PG metabolism and sensing, their effect on T cell function during disease, and we will finally discuss how we can design new approaches that modulate PG in order to maximize desired therapeutic T cell effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Maseda
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 8-138 Smillow Center for Translational Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Emanuela Ricciotti
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie J Crofford
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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