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Li S, Qiu M, Li S, Li C, Lin H, Qiu Y, Qi W, Feng B, Cui M, Yang S, Zheng W, Shang S, Tian K, Zhu J, Lu Y, Chen N. A chimeric porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 strain containing synthetic ORF2-6 genes can trigger T follicular helper cell and heterologous neutralizing antibody responses and confer enhanced cross-protection. Vet Res 2024; 55:28. [PMID: 38449049 PMCID: PMC10918997 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV1) isolates has continued to increase in Chinese swine herds in recent years. However, no effective control strategy is available for PRRSV1 infection in China. In this study, we generated the first infectious cDNA clone (rHLJB1) of a Chinese PRRSV1 isolate and subsequently used it as a backbone to construct an ORF2-6 chimeric virus (ORF2-6-CON). This virus contained a synthesized consensus sequence of the PRRSV1 ORF2-6 gene encoding all the envelope proteins. The ORF2-6 consensus sequence shared > 90% nucleotide similarity with four representative strains (Amervac, BJEU06-1, HKEU16 and NMEU09-1) of PRRSV1 in China. ORF2-6-CON had replication efficacy similar to that of the backbone rHLJB1 virus in primary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and exhibited cell tropism in Marc-145 cells. Piglet inoculation and challenge studies indicated that ORF2-6-CON is not pathogenic to piglets and can induce enhanced cross-protection against a heterologous SD1291 isolate. Notably, ORF2-6-CON inoculation induced higher levels of heterologous neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SD1291 than rHLJB1 inoculation, which was concurrent with a higher percentage of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLNs), providing the first clue that porcine Tfh cells are correlated with heterologous PRRSV nAb responses. The number of SD1291-strain-specific IFNγ-secreting cells was similar in ORF2-6-CON-inoculated and rHLJB1-inoculated pigs. Overall, our findings support that the Marc-145-adapted ORF2-6-CON can trigger Tfh cell and heterologous nAb responses to confer improved cross-protection and may serve as a candidate strain for the development of a cross-protective PRRSV1 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ming Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuejia Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wenhao Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Binghui Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Meng Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wanglong Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shaobin Shang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yu Lu
- GuoTai (Taizhou) Center of Technology Innovation for Veterinary Biologicals, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Infection and Immunology of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Li P, Wang J, Jiang D, Yu A, Sun R, Liu A. Function and Characteristic Analysis of Candidate PEAR Proteins in Populus yunnanensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13101. [PMID: 37685908 PMCID: PMC10488302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PEAR proteins are a type of plant-specific DNA binding with one finger (Dof) transcription factors that play a key role in the regulation of plant growth, especially during phloem cell growth and seed germination in Arabidopsis. However, the identification, characteristics and function of PEAR proteins, particularly in woody plants, need to be further studied. In the present study, 43 candidate PEAR proteins harboring the conserved Zf-Dof domain were obtained in Populus yunnanensis. Based on phylogenetic and structural analysis, 10 representative PEAR candidates were selected, belonging to different phylogenetic groups. The functions of PEAR proteins in the stress response, signal transduction, and growth regulation of stem cambium and roots undergoing vigorous cell division in Arabidopsis were revealed based on their expression patterns as characterized by qRT-PCR analysis, in accordance with the results of cis-element analysis. In vitro experiments showed that the interaction of transcription factor (E2F) and cyclin indirectly reflects the growth regulation function of PEAR through light signaling and cell-cycle regulation. Therefore, our results provide new insight into the identity of PEAR proteins and their function in stress resistance and vigorous cell division regulation of tissues in P. yunnanensis, which may serve as a basis for further investigation of the functions and characteristics of PEAR proteins in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (A.L.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Aizhong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resource Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China (Ministry of Education), College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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Zhang Y, Xu Y, Jiang S, Sun S, Zhang J, Luo J, Cao Q, Zheng W, Meurens F, Chen N, Zhu J. Multiple Porcine Innate Immune Signaling Pathways Are Involved in the Anti-PEDV Response. Viruses 2023; 15:1629. [PMID: 37631972 PMCID: PMC10458394 DOI: 10.3390/v15081629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has caused great damage to the global pig industry. Innate immunity plays a significant role in resisting viral infection; however, the exact role of innate immunity in the anti-PEDV response has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we observed that various porcine innate immune signaling adaptors are involved in anti-PEDV (AJ1102-like strain) activity in transfected Vero cells. Among these, TRIF and MAVS showed the strongest anti-PEDV activity. The endogenous TRIF, MAVS, and STING were selected for further examination of anti-PEDV activity. Agonist stimulation experiments showed that TRIF, MAVS, and STING signaling all have obvious anti-PEDV activity. The siRNA knockdown assay showed that TRIF, MAVS, and STING are also all involved in anti-PEDV response, and their remarkable effects on PEDV replication were confirmed in TRIF-/-, MAVS-/- and STING-/- Vero cells via the CRISPR approach. For further verification, the anti-PEDV activity of TRIF, MAVS, and STING could be reproduced in porcine IPEC-DQ cells treated with siRNAs. In summary, this study reveals that multiple pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) signaling pathways of porcine innate immunity play an important role in the anti-PEDV infection, providing new and useful antiviral knowledge for prevention and control of PEDV spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (N.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (N.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Sen Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (N.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shaohua Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (N.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (N.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jia Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (N.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qi Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (N.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wanglong Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (N.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - François Meurens
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St. Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Nanhua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (N.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China (S.J.); (N.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Comparative Medicine Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Shi C, Wang J, Zhang R, Ishfaq M, Li Y, Zhang R, Si C, Li R, Li C, Liu F. Dihydromyricetin alleviates Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury in chickens by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Vet Res 2022; 53:6. [PMID: 35073994 PMCID: PMC8785529 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydromyricetin (DHM), a flavonoid in vine tea, has many pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. Lipopolysaccharide is the key inducer of inflammation in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection; however, the effect of DHM on E. coli lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury remains unknown. The present study aimed to explore the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in hepatic injury and the possible protective mechanisms of DHM against hepatic injury in chickens. The results showed that when chickens were administered lipopolysaccharide, liver damage was observed, accompanied by increased levels of serum transaminases and direct bilirubin. Additionally, hepatic expression levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 p20, the subunit of caspase-1 that is cleaved after NLRP3 activation, significantly increased in liver injury. We found that treatment with MCC950, a specific NLRP3 inhibitor, significantly decreased serum transaminase activities, direct bilirubin content, and hepatic NLRP3 and caspase-1 p20 expression levels. DHM significantly reduced serum transaminase activities and direct bilirubin content and ameliorated histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the liver. DHM decreased hepatic levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Furthermore, DHM significantly decreased the expression levels of NLRP3, pro-caspase-1 and caspase-1 p20. Moreover, DHM reduced serum lactate dehydrogenase, IL-1β and IL-18 levels and repressed hepatic IL-1β, IL-18 and gasdermin A expression. The results demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome was involved in the mechanism of lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury. Furthermore, DHM could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent pyroptosis, eventually ameliorating E. coli lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Shi
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruichen Zhang
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruihui Zhang
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanbiao Si
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Li
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Changwen Li
- Laboratory Animal Base, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fangping Liu
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China. .,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China.
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Screening of Porcine Innate Immune Adaptor Signaling Revealed Several Anti-PRRSV Signaling Pathways. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101176. [PMID: 34696285 PMCID: PMC8538207 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes PRRS and is known to effectively suppress host innate immunity. The current strategies for controlling PRRSV are limited and complete understanding of anti-PRRSV innate immunity is needed. Here, we utilized nine porcine innate immune signaling adaptors which represent all currently known innate immune receptor signaling pathways for screening of anti-PRRSV activity. The analysis of PRRSV N gene transcription and protein expression both suggested that the multiple ectopic adaptors exhibited varying degrees of anti-PRRSV activities, with TRIF and MAVS most effective. To better quantify the PRRSV replication, the GFP signal of PRRSV from reverse genetics were measured by flow cytometry and similarly varying anti-PRRSV activities by different signaling adaptors were observed. Based on the screening data, and considering the importance of viral nucleic acid in innate immune response, endogenous TRIF, MAVS and STING were selected for further examination of anti-PRRSV activity. Agonist stimulation assay showed that MAVS and STING signaling possessed significant anti-PRRSV activities, whereas siRNA knockdown assay showed that TRIF, MAVS and STING are all involved in anti-PRRSV activity, with TLR3-TRIF displaying discrepancy in anti-PRRSV infection. Nevertheless, our work suggests that multiple pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling pathways are involved in anti-PRRSV innate immunity, which may have implications for the development of future antiviral strategies.
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The Innate Immune DNA Sensing cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway Mediates Anti-PRRSV Function. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091829. [PMID: 34578409 PMCID: PMC8473166 DOI: 10.3390/v13091829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modulates host innate immunity which plays a key role against PRRSV infection. As a RNA virus, PRRSV is mainly sensed by innate immune RNA receptors, whereas the role of innate immune DNA sensors in the PRRSV infection has not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the roles of DNA sensing cGAS-STING pathway in both PRRSV infected Marc-145 cells and porcine macrophages. The results show that in Marc-145 cells, the stable expression of STING with or without stimulations exhibited anti-PRRSV activity, and STING knockout heightened PRRSV infection. In CD163-3D4/21 porcine macrophages, either expression of STING or stimulation of cGAS-STING signaling obviously suppressed PRRSV infection, whereas in STING knockdown macrophages, the PRRSV infection was upregulated. Our results clearly demonstrate that the host cGAS-STING signal exerts an important antiviral role in PRRSV infection.
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