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Caraballo L, Lockey R, Puerta L, Zakzuk J, Acevedo N, Fernández-Caldas E. Blomia tropicalis: A 50-Year History. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024:S2213-2198(24)01172-3. [PMID: 39577660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
The genus Blomia tropicalis was described 50 years ago. Since then, great progress has been made on the clinical impact of this house dust mite (HDM). Blomia tropicalis is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical zones, where it induces IgE sensitization and clinical symptoms. The discovery of this mite not only provided additional support for the causal relationship between HDM sensitization and allergic respiratory symptoms, it changed the scope of the diagnosis and management of these diseases. There are now 26 officially accepted B tropicalis allergens, several of them with cross-reactivity with mites such as Dermatophagoides spp and some storage mites, which adds complexity to the diagnosis of sensitization and the choice of extracts for allergen specific immunotherapy. Fortunately, the discovery and characterization of molecules useful for component-resolved diagnostic testing provide the tools for this challenge. Immunotherapy with B tropicalis extract is successfully used in several countries of Latin America, Africa, and Asia; however, the availability of standardized extracts in subtropical regions remains limited. During the 50 years of research on B tropicalis, several groups have made contributions to allergen characterization, their mechanisms of action and clinical impact; the immunogenetics of sensitization; the possible effects of climate change; and the design and testing of new vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia.
| | - Richard Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla
| | - Leonardo Puerta
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Josefina Zakzuk
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Nathalie Acevedo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Enrique Fernández-Caldas
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla
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Parekh AB. House dust mite allergens, store-operated Ca 2+ channels and asthma. J Physiol 2024; 602:6021-6038. [PMID: 38054814 DOI: 10.1113/jp284931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The house dust mite is the principal source of aero-allergen worldwide. Exposure to mite-derived allergens is associated with the development of asthma in susceptible individuals, and the majority of asthmatics are allergic to the mite. Mite-derived allergens are functionally diverse and activate multiple cell types within the lung that result in chronic inflammation. Allergens activate store-operated Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, which are widely expressed in multiple cell types within the lung that are associated with the pathogenesis of asthma. Opening of CRAC channels stimulates Ca2+-dependent transcription factors, including nuclear factor of activated T cells and nuclear factor-κB, which drive expression of a plethora of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that help to sustain chronic inflammation. Here, I describe drivers of asthma, properties of mite-derived allergens, how the allergens are recognized by cells, the signalling pathways used by the receptors and how these are transduced into functional effects, with a focus on CRAC channels. In vivo experiments that demonstrate the effectiveness of targeting CRAC channels as a potential new therapy for treating mite-induced asthma are also discussed, in tandem with other possible approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant B Parekh
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
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Banovic F, Blubaugh A. Epicutaneous house dust mite (HDM)-induced skin lesions feature early activation of T helper 2 inflammatory and pruritogenic pathways in HDM-nonsensitised dogs. Vet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 39440450 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicutaneously house dust mite-sensitised (HDM-S) healthy dogs are commonly used as canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) models; however, the exact mechanisms of HDM-induced AD immune activation in HDM-S and HDM-nonsensitised (NS) dogs remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To characterise the inflammatory and pruritogenic transcriptome of acute epicutaneous HDM-induced skin lesions at 6 h and 24 h in HDM-NS and HDM-S dogs; untreated skin at 0 h from each dog served as control. ANIMALS Six HDM-S and six HDM-NS laboratory beagles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Processed expression data from GEO deposited by Schamber et al. (G3 (Bethesda), 2014, 4 and 1787) (GSE58442) were downloaded and analysed using R and the Bioconductor package. Significance analysis was performed with the limma package; genes with false discovery rate <0.05 and fold-change ≤/≥1.5 were considered significantly differentially expressed (DEGs). RESULTS A 2D principal component analysis revealed no clear separation between HDM-NS and HDM-S dogs at 6 h and 24 h time points. HDM-induced skin lesions in sensitised and nonsensitised dogs at the 24 h time point showed significant upregulation of T helper cell (Th)2 genes (interleukin [IL]-4R, IL-5, IL-13, CCL13 and CCL17), as well as proinflammatory- (LTB, IL-1A and IL-18), Th1- (CXCL10, OASL and MX-1) and Th17-related markers (IL-17B, IL-17F, CCL19 and CCL20). The key Th22-related maker, IL-22, was upregulated only in the HDM-S group at the 24 h time point. Both groups at 24 h featured significant upregulation of several noncytokine pruritogens, such as trypsin, chymase, cathepsin S, periostin and neuromedin B. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Taken together, we establish that epicutaneous HDM patch application induces immune changes in HDM-NS dogs with Th2 dominance and activates several itch-promoting pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Amanda Blubaugh
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Caraballo L. Exploring the relationship between house dust mites and asthma. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:1019-1022. [PMID: 38652085 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2346585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Caraballo
- Institute for Immunological Research, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
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Camp B, Jorde I, Sittel F, Pausder A, Jeron A, Bruder D, Schreiber J, Stegemann-Koniszewski S. Comprehensive analysis of lung macrophages and dendritic cells in two murine models of allergic airway inflammation reveals model- and subset-specific accumulation and phenotypic alterations. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374670. [PMID: 38529288 PMCID: PMC10961404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allergic asthma has been mainly attributed to T helper type 2 (Th2) and proinflammatory responses but many cellular processes remain elusive. There is increasing evidence for distinct roles for macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) subsets in allergic airway inflammation (AAI). At the same time, there are various mouse models for allergic asthma that have been of utmost importance in identifying key inflammatory pathways in AAI but that differ in the allergen and/or route of sensitization. It is unclear whether and how the accumulation and activation of specialized macrophage and DC subsets depend on the experimental model chosen for analyses. Methods In our study, we employed high-parameter spectral flow cytometry to comprehensively assess the accumulation and phenotypic alterations of different macrophage- and DC-subsets in the lung in an OVA- and an HDM-mediated mouse model of AAI. Results We observed subset-specific as well as model-specific characteristics with respect to cell numbers and functional marker expression. Generally, alveolar as opposed to interstitial macrophages showed increased MHCII surface expression in AAI. Between the models, we observed significantly increased numbers of alveolar macrophages, CD103+ DC and CD11b+ DC in HDM-mediated AAI, concurrent with significantly increased airway interleukin-4 but decreased total serum IgE levels. Further, increased expression of CD80 and CD86 on DC was exclusively detected in HDM-mediated AAI. Discussion Our study demonstrates a model-specific involvement of macrophage and DC subsets in AAI. It further highlights spectral flow cytometry as a valuable tool for their comprehensive analysis under inflammatory conditions in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Camp
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ilka Jorde
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Franka Sittel
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Pausder
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, University Hospital Magdeburg, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Jeron
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, University Hospital Magdeburg, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dunja Bruder
- Infection Immunology Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, University Hospital Magdeburg, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- Immune Regulation Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Schreiber
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Stegemann-Koniszewski
- Experimental Pneumology, Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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Giangrieco I, Ciardiello MA, Tamburrini M, Tuppo L, Mari A, Alessandri C. Plant and Arthropod IgE-Binding Papain-like Cysteine Proteases: Multiple Contributions to Allergenicity. Foods 2024; 13:790. [PMID: 38472904 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine proteases are widespread and can be detected in all domains of life. They share structural and enzymatic properties with the group's namesake member, papain. They show a broad range of protein substrates and are involved in several biological processes. These proteases are widely exploited for food, pharmaceutical, chemical and cosmetic biotechnological applications. However, some of them are known to cause allergic reactions. In this context, the objective of this review is to report an overview of some general properties of papain-like cysteine proteases and to highlight their contributions to allergy reactions observed in humans. For instance, the literature shows that their proteolytic activity can cause an increase in tissue permeability, which favours the crossing of allergens through the skin, intestinal and respiratory barriers. The observation that allergy to PLCPs is mostly detected for inhaled proteins is in line with the reports describing mite homologs, such as Der p 1 and Der f 1, as major allergens showing a frequent correlation between sensitisation and clinical allergic reactions. In contrast, the plant food homologs are often digested in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, they only rarely can cause allergic reactions in humans. Accordingly, they are reported mainly as a cause of occupational diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Giangrieco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Tamburrini
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lisa Tuppo
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources (IBBR), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Mari
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), 00100 Rome, Italy
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Claudia Alessandri
- Associated Centers for Molecular Allergology (CAAM), 00100 Rome, Italy
- Allergy Data Laboratories (ADL), 04100 Latina, Italy
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Hubert J, Vrtala S, Sopko B, Dowd SE, He Q, Klimov PB, Harant K, Talacko P, Erban T. Predicting Blomia tropicalis allergens using a multiomics approach. Clin Transl Allergy 2023; 13:e12302. [PMID: 37876035 PMCID: PMC10542617 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The domestic mite Blomia tropicalis is a major source of allergens in tropical and subtropical regions. Despite its great medical importance, the allergome of this mite has not been sufficiently studied. Only 14 allergen groups have been identified in B. tropicalis thus far, even though early radioimmunoelectrophoresis techniques (27 uncharacterized allergen complexes) and comparative data based on 40 allergen groups officially recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO)/IUIS in domestic astigmatid mites suggest the presence of a large set of additional allergens. METHODS Here, we employ a multiomics approach to assess the allergome of B. tropicalis using genomic and transcriptomic sequence data and perform highly sensitive protein abundance quantification. FINDINGS Among the 14 known allergen groups, we confirmed 13 (one WHO/IUIS allergen, Blo t 19, was not found) and identified 16 potentially novel allergens based on sequence similarity. These data indicate that B. tropicalis shares 27 known/deduced allergen groups with pyroglyphid house dust mites (genus Dermatophagoides). Among these groups, five allergen-encoding genes are highly expressed at the transcript level: Blo t 1, Blo t 5, Blo t 21 (known), Blo t 15, and Blo t 18 (predicted). However, at the protein level, a different set of most abundant allergens was found: Blo t 2, 10, 11, 20 and 21 (mite bodies) or Blo t 3, 4, 6 and predicted Blo t 13, 14 and 36 (mite feces). INTERPRETATION We report the use of an integrated omics method to identify and predict an array of mite allergens and advanced, label-free proteomics to determine allergen protein abundance. Our research identifies a large set of novel putative allergens and shows that the expression levels of allergen-encoding genes may not be strictly correlated with the actual allergenic protein abundance in mite bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hubert
- Crop Research InstitutePragueCzechia
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and DieteticsFaculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural ResourcesCzech University of Life Sciences PraguePragueCzechia
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Scot E. Dowd
- MR DNA (Molecular Research LP)ShallowaterTexasUSA
| | - Qixin He
- Purdue UniversityLilly Hall of Life SciencesWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Pavel B. Klimov
- Purdue UniversityLilly Hall of Life SciencesWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Karel Harant
- Proteomics Core FacilityFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityBIOCEVVestecCzechia
- Institute for Environmental StudiesFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzechia
| | - Pavel Talacko
- Proteomics Core FacilityFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityBIOCEVVestecCzechia
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