Spectrophotometric investigations of the role of the organic solvent on the acid dissociation constants of some azo dyes derived from 2-aminobenzothiazole

The Shift in the Behavior of Methylene Blue Toward the Sensitivity of Medium: Solvatochromism, Solvent Parameters, Regression Analysis and Investigation of Cosolvent on the Acidity Constants

The influence solvents from different polarity and hydrogen bonding ability on electronic absorption spectrum of Methylene blue was investigated. The visible absorption spectra were recorded in eleven neat solvents in the range 400-700 nm. Methylene blue has two absorption maxima, the first band assigned to n-π* from amino groups and the second band assigned to weakly forbidden n-π* transition with charge transfer. The charge transfer band of Methylene blue showed red shift with increasing the relative permittivity of neat solvents. The red shift in wavelength(λmax) for the charge transfer band of Methylene blue was observed when proceeding from dioxane (λmax = 650 nm) into methanol (λmax = 655 nm) into cyclohexanone (λmax = 660 nm) into dimethylsulfoxide (λmax = 665 nm) as well as water (λmax = 665 nm), this shift not agree with the polarity of solvents but due to combination of several parameters. The absorption of charge transfer band in methanol and ethanol as hydrogen bonding donating solvents (HBD) showed the highest intensity than the absorption band in dimethylsulfoxide and dimethylformamide as hydrogen bonding accepting solvents (HBA) due to non-electrostatic interaction between the amino groups and solvents. The charge transfer band in neat solvents were correlated with several parameters using linear solvation energy relationships. The results showed that electrostatic interactions of the solvents play an important role in the shift of absorption maxima of Methylene blue in neat solvents. The acidity constants (pKa) of Methylene blue were estimated by using absorbance measurements in different media. The acidity constants (pKa) values of Methylene blue were affected by cosolvent, which the pKa values increasing in the order propanol < methanol < dioxane, this order not agreement with increasing the relative permittivity of the medium.

Spectrophotometric determination of acidity constants of 2-(2-Thiazolylazo)-Cresol in various water-organic solvent media mixtures using chemometrics methods

The combination of soft- and hard-modeling was used to the spectrophotometric studies of the acidity constants of 2-(2-Thiazolylazo)-Cresol (TAC) at 25°C and at ionic strength 0.1 mol L(-1) in pure water as well as in aqueous media containing variable percentages (10-50%) of organic solvents. The organic solvents used were methanol, ethanol, dimethyl formamide (DMF) and 1,4-dioxane. The acidity constants of all related equilibria are estimated using the whole spectral fitting of the collected data to an established factor analysis model. DATAN program was applied for determining acidity constants and pure spectra of different form of TAC. Results show that the acidity constants of TAC are influenced as the percentages of solvents added to the solution. The corresponding pKa values in solvent-water mixtures were determined. There are linear relationships between acidity constants and the mole fraction of organic solvents in the solvent mixtures. The effects of various solvents on absorption properties and acidity constants of each component are also discussed.