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Winterer M, Geiß J. Combining reverse Monte Carlo analysis of X-ray scattering and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra of very small nanoparticles. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:103-109. [PMID: 36777145 PMCID: PMC9901930 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722010858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Finite size effects in partial pair distribution functions generate artefacts in the scattering structure factor and scattering intensity. It is shown how they can be overcome using a binned version of the Debye scattering equation. Accordingly, reverse Monte Carlo simulations are used for very small nanoparticles of LaFeO3 with diameters below 10 nm to simultaneously analyse X-ray scattering data and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectra at the La K and Fe K edges. The structural information obtained is consistent regarding local structure and long-range order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Winterer
- Nanoparticle Process Technology and CENIDE (Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisberg, Germany,Correspondence e-mail:
| | - Jeremias Geiß
- Nanoparticle Process Technology and CENIDE (Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen), University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47057 Duisberg, Germany
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Gkourmpis T, Mitchell GR. The Use of Scattering Data in the Study of the Molecular Organisation of Polymers in the Non-Crystalline State. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12122917. [PMID: 33291414 PMCID: PMC7762082 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Scattering data for polymers in the non-crystalline state, i.e., the glassy state or the molten state, may appear to contain little information. In this work, we review recent developments in the use of scattering data to evaluate in a quantitative manner the molecular organization of such polymer systems. The focus is on the local structure of chain segments, on the details of the chain conformation and on the imprint the inherent chemical connectivity has on this structure. We show the value of tightly coupling the scattering data to atomistic-level computer models. We show how quantitative information about the details of the chain conformation can be obtained directly using a model built from definitions of relatively few parameters. We show how scattering data may be supplemented with data from specific deuteration sites and used to obtain information hidden in the data. Finally, we show how we can exploit the reverse Monte Carlo approach to use the data to drive the convergence of the scattering calculated from a 3d atomistic-level model with the experimental data. We highlight the importance of the quality of the scattering data and the value in using broad Q scattering data obtained using neutrons. We illustrate these various methods with results drawn from a diverse range of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gkourmpis
- Innovation & Technology, Borealis AB, SE-444 86 Stenungsund, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-303-205-576
| | - Geoffrey R. Mitchell
- Centre of Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal;
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Using In-Situ Laboratory and Synchrotron-Based X-ray Diffraction for Lithium-Ion Batteries Characterization: A Review on Recent Developments. CONDENSED MATTER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat5040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Renewable technologies, and in particular the electric vehicle revolution, have generated tremendous pressure for the improvement of lithium ion battery performance. To meet the increasingly high market demand, challenges include improving the energy density, extending cycle life and enhancing safety. In order to address these issues, a deep understanding of both the physical and chemical changes of battery materials under working conditions is crucial for linking degradation processes to their origins in material properties and their electrochemical signatures. In situ and operando synchrotron-based X-ray techniques provide powerful tools for battery materials research, allowing a deep understanding of structural evolution, redox processes and transport properties during cycling. In this review, in situ synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction methods are discussed in detail with an emphasis on recent advancements in improving the spatial and temporal resolution. The experimental approaches reviewed here include cell designs and materials, as well as beamline experimental setup details. Finally, future challenges and opportunities for battery technologies are discussed.
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Hiroi S, Ohara K, Ohuchi S, Umetani Y, Kozaki T, Igaki E, Sakata O. Calculation of total scattering from a crystalline structural model based on experimental optics parameters. J Appl Crystallogr 2020; 53:671-678. [PMID: 32684882 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576720002940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Total scattering measurements enable understanding of the structural disorder in crystalline materials by Fourier transformation of the total structure factor, S(Q), where Q is the magnitude of the scattering vector. In this work, the direct calculation of total scattering from a crystalline structural model is proposed. To calculate the total scattering intensity, a suitable Q-broadening function for the diffraction profile is needed because the intensity and the width depend on the optical parameters of the diffraction apparatus, such as the X-ray energy resolution and divergence, and the intrinsic parameters. X-ray total scattering measurements for CeO2 powder were performed at beamline BL04B2 of the SPring-8 synchrotron radiation facility in Japan for comparison with the calculated S(Q) under various optical conditions. The evaluated Q-broadening function was comparable to the full width at half-maximum of the Bragg peaks in the experimental total scattering pattern. The proposed calculation method correctly accounts for parameters with Q dependence such as the atomic form factor and resolution function, enables estimation of the total scattering factor, and facilitates determination of the reduced pair distribution function for both crystalline and amorphous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hiroi
- Synchrotron X-ray Group, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.,Panasonic NIMS Center of Excellence for Advanced Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Diffraction and Scattering Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Koji Ohara
- Diffraction and Scattering Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Satoru Ohuchi
- Panasonic Corporation, 1006 Oaza Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Umetani
- Panasonic Corporation, 1006 Oaza Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kozaki
- Panasonic Corporation, 1006 Oaza Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8501, Japan
| | - Emiko Igaki
- Panasonic Corporation, 1006 Oaza Kadoma, Kadoma, Osaka 571-8501, Japan
| | - Osami Sakata
- Synchrotron X-ray Group, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.,Panasonic NIMS Center of Excellence for Advanced Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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