Experimental and theoretical investigation on the structural characterization and orientation preferences of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic acid/β-cyclodextrin host-guest inclusion complex

Exploring inclusion complex of an anti-cancer drug (6-MP) with β-cyclodextrin and its binding with CT-DNA for innovative applications in anti-bacterial activity and photostability optimized by computational study

The co-evaporation approach was used to examine the host-guest interaction and to explore the cytotoxic and antibacterial properties of an important anti-cancer medication, 6-mercaptopurine monohydrate (6-MP) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The UV-Vis investigation confirmed the inclusion complex's (IC) 1 : 1 stoichiometry and was also utilized to oversee the viability of this inclusion process. FTIR, NMR, and XRD, among other spectrometric techniques, revealed the mechanism of molecular interactions between β-CD and 6-MP which was further hypothesized by DFT to verify tentative outcomes. TGA and DSC studies revealed that 6-MP's thermal stability increased after encapsulation. Because of the protection of drug 6-MP by β-CD, the formed IC was found to have higher photostability. This work also predicts the release behavior of 6-MP in the presence of CT-DNA without any chemical changes. An evaluation of the complex's antibacterial activity in vitro revealed that it was more effective than pure 6-MP. The in vitro cytotoxic activity against the human kidney cancer cell line (ACHN) was also found to be significant for the IC (IC50 = 4.18 μM) compared to that of pure 6-MP (IC50 = 5.49 μM). These findings suggest that 6-MP incorporation via β-CD may result in 6-MP stability and effective presentation of its solubility, cytotoxic and antibacterial properties.

Michler's Ketone: β-Cyclodextrin Host-Guest Inclusion Complex for Enhancing the Ultraviolet Protection Factor of Poplin Cotton Fabric

Michler's ketone (4,4' bis(N,N-dimethylamino)benzophenone) mk is a potential ultraviolet radiation (UVR) absorber in various materials. In this report, we have tested the UVR filtering ability of mk on cotton fabric. The beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complex of mk enhances ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) drastically. The impact of β-CD on the UVR filtering of mk are demonstrated by investigating the guest (mk:absorbers)-host (β-CD:enhancer) inclusion complex. Spectral and molecular docking analysis of mk:β-CD complex infers the vertical insertion of the guest molecule by positioning -C=O group of mk at the center of the host molecule with the exclusion of the terminal atoms of guest molecule outside the β-CD cavity. Thus, the host; β-CD renders an inflexible fit to the guest:mk. The inflexible fit of mk into the β-CD cavity enhances the UVR dissipation when it is incorporated on the poplin cotton fabric. With UPF =46 mk:β-CD complex is proposed as a potential UVR absorber suitable for manufacturing sun protective textiles. The holding of mk by β-CD enhances the UVR dissipation and hence facilitates the native red-shifted emission and non-radiative relaxation by the formation of twisted intramolecular charge transfer in mk.

Cyclodextrins inclusion complex: Preparation methods, analytical techniques and food industry applications

This review offers a vision of the chemical behaviour of natural ingredients, synthetic drugs and other related compounds complexed using cyclodextrins. The review takes care of different sections related to i) the inclusion complexes formation with cyclodextrins, ii) the determination of the inclusion formation constant, iii) the most used methods to prepare host inclusion in the non-polar cavity of cyclodextrins and iv) the analytical techniques to evidence host inclusion. The review provides different literature that shows the application of cyclodextrins to improve physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of food compounds including solubility, stability and their elimination/masking. Moreover, the review also offers examples of commercial food/supplement products of cyclodextrins to indicate that cyclodextrins can be used to generate biotechnological substances with innovative properties and improve the development of food products.

Study to Probe Subsistence of Host-Guest Inclusion Complexes of α and β-Cyclodextrins with Biologically Potent Drugs for Safety Regulatory Dischargement

Host-guest interaction of two significant drugs, phenylephrine hydrochloride and synephrine with α and β-cyclodextrins were studied systematically. Initially two simple but reliable physicochemical techniques namely conductance and surface tension were employed to find out saturation concentration for the inclusion and its stoichiometry. The obtained 1:1 stoichiometry was further confirmed by two spectrometric methods, UV-Vis study and spectrofluorimetry. Significant shifts in IR stretching frequency also support the inclusion process. Relative stabilities of the inclusion complexes were established by the association constants obtained from UV-Vis spectroscopic measurements, program based mathematical calculation of conductivity data. Calculations of the thermodynamic parameters dictates thermodynamic feasibility of the inclusion process. Spectrofluorometric measurement scaffolds the UV-Vis spectroscopic measurement validating stability of the ICs once again. Mass spectroscopic measurement gives the molecular ion peaks corresponding to the inclusion complex of 1:1 molar ratio of host and guest molecules. The mechanism of inclusion was drawn by ¹H-NMR and 2D ROESY spectroscopic analysis. Surface texture of the inclusion complexes was studied by SEM. Finally, the cytotoxic activities of the inclusion complexes were analyzed and found, Cell viability also balances for non-toxic behavior of the ICs. Moreover, all the studies reveal the formation of inclusion complexes of two ephedra free, alternatively emerging drugs (after their banned product having ephedra) SNP, PEH with α and β-CD which enriches the drug delivery system with their regulatory release without any chemical modification.

Cage to cage study of ionic liquid and cyclic oligosaccharides to form inclusion complexes

Encapsulation of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride inside α and β-cyclodextrins in both aqueous solution and solid state with 1 : 1 stoichiometry.