Bis-(alkylimidazolium)-glycosides — Promising materials for easy vesicle preparation

Hybrid emulsifier systems: Alkyl imidazolium lactoside surfactants derived from natural resources

A new series of hybrid surfactants comprising an imidazolium as a cation and a disaccharide as a non-ion were synthesized, and their aggregation behavior was also investigated. The synthetic approach used alkylation as an easily accessible route on an imidazole to attempt an economic production followed by coupling with bromoethyl lactoside to form lacto-imidazolium salts surfactants. The coupled surfactants were obtained in almost quantitative yield over several steps. The surfactant surface properties in aqueous media were investigated, including critical micelle concentration (CMC), Krafft temperature, and emulsion stability were studied. The CMC measurements of the alkyl imidazolium lactoside surfactants are significantly lower than normal imidazolium surfactants, while the emulsion investigations encourage the use of alkyl imidazolium lactoside surfactants owing to stabilized assemble behavior as good as APGs.

Sugar-Based Ionic Liquids: Multifaceted Challenges and Intriguing Potential

Carbohydrates represent a promising option in transitioning from oil-based chemical resources to renewable ones, with the goal of developing chemistries for a sustainable future. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and largely available monosaccharides already provide useful chemical building blocks, so-called platform chemicals, such as levulinic acid and hydroxymethyl furfural, as well as solvents like cyrene or gamma-valerolactone. Therefore, there is great anticipation for novel applications involving materials and chemicals derived from sugars. In the field of ionic liquids (ILs), sugar-based ILs have been overlooked for a long time, mainly on account of their multistep demanding preparation. However, exploring new strategies for accessing sugar-based ILs, their study, and their exploitation, are attracting increasing interest. This is due to the growing concerns about the negative (eco)toxicity profile of most ILs in conjunction with their non-sustainable nature. In the present review, a literature survey concerning the development of sugar-based ILs since 2011 is presented. Their preparation strategies and thermal behavior analyses, sorted by sugar type, make up the first two sections with the intention to provide the reader with a useful guide. A final overview of the potential applications of sugar-based ILs and their future perspectives complement the present analysis.

Imidazolium-Linked Azido-Functionalized Guerbet Glycosides: Multifunctional Surfactants for Biofunctionalization of Vesicles

Aiming for glycolipid-based vesicles for targeted drug delivery, cationic Guerbet glycosides with spacered click functionality were designed and synthesized. The cationic charge promoted the distribution of the glycolipids during the formulation, thereby leading to homogeneously small vesicles. The positive surface charge of the vesicles stabilizes them against unwanted fusion and promotes interactions of the drug carriers with typical negative charge-dominated target cells. High bioconjugation potential of the functionalized glycolipids based on the copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition makes them highly valuable components for targeted drug delivery systems.