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Isbel SR, Patil SA, Bugarin A. NHCs silver complexes as potential antimicrobial agents. Inorganica Chim Acta 2024; 563:121899. [PMID: 38292701 PMCID: PMC10824532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
NHCs (N-heterocyclic carbenes) are generally used as organic ligands that can coordinate with metal ions like silver to form stable complexes. These complexes have shown enhanced antimicrobial properties compared to silver alone. This document provides an overview of the reported NHC-based silver derivatives (acetates, chlorides, bromides, and iodides) who possess antimicrobial activity. This review covers articles published between the first report (2006) and 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Isbel
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
| | - Siddappa A. Patil
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
- Centre for Nano & Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore 562112, Karnataka, India
| | - Alejandro Bugarin
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL 33965, USA
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Tahir F, Kamran A, Majeed MI, Alghamdi AA, Javed MR, Nawaz H, Iqbal MA, Tahir M, Tariq A, Rashid N, Shahid U, Hassan A, Shoukat US. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) in Combination with PCA and PLS-DA for the Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of 1-Isopentyl-3-pentyl-1 H-imidazole-3-ium Bromide against Bacillus subtilis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6861-6872. [PMID: 38371792 PMCID: PMC10870359 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was performed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of lab-synthesized drug (1-isopentyl-3-pentyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium bromide salt) and commercial drug tinidazole againstBacillus subtilis. The changes in SERS spectral features were studied for unexposed bacillus and exposed one with various dosages of drug synthesized in the lab (1-isopentyl-3-pentyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium bromide salt), and SERS bands were assigned associated with the drug-induced biochemical alterations in bacteria. Multivariate data analysis tools including principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) have been utilized to analyze the antibacterial activity of the imidazole derivative (lab drug). PCA was employed in differentiating all the SERS spectral data sets associated with the various doses of the lab-synthesized drug. There is clear discrimination among the spectral data sets of a bacterial strain treated with different concentrations of the drug, which are analyzed by PLS-DA with 86% area under the curve in receiver operating curve (ROC), 99% sensitivity, 100% accuracy, and 98% specificity. Various dominant spectral features are observed with a gradual increase in the different concentrations of the applied drug including 715, 850, 1002, 1132, 1237, 1396, 1416, and 1453 cm-1, which indicate the possible biochemical changes caused in bacteria during the antibacterial activity of the lab-synthesized drug. Overall, the findings show that imidazole and imidazolium compounds generated from tinidazole with various alkyl lengths in the amide substitution can be effective antibacterial agents with low cytotoxicity in humans, and these results indicate the efficiency of SERS in pharmaceuticals and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Tahir
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ali Kamran
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Majeed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abeer Ahmed Alghamdi
- Department
of Physics, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Javed
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government
College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Anam Tariq
- Department
of Biochemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad (GCUF), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Rashid
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Education, Faisalabad
Campus, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Urwa Shahid
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Hassan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Umar Sohail Shoukat
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture
Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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Ronga L, Varcamonti M, Tesauro D. Structure-Activity Relationships in NHC-Silver Complexes as Antimicrobial Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114435. [PMID: 37298911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver has a long history of antimicrobial activity and received an increasing interest in last decades owing to the rise in antimicrobial resistance. The major drawback is the limited duration of its antimicrobial activity. The broad-spectrum silver containing antimicrobial agents are well represented by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) silver complexes. Due to their stability, this class of complexes can release the active Ag+ cations in prolonged time. Moreover, the properties of NHC can be tuned introducing alkyl moieties on N-heterocycle to provide a range of versatile structures with different stability and lipophilicity. This review presents designed Ag complexes and their biological activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungal strains. In particular, the structure-activity relationships underlining the major requirements to increase the capability to induce microorganism death are highlighted here. Moreover, some examples of encapsulation of silver-NHC complexes in polymer-based supramolecular aggregates are reported. The targeted delivery of silver complexes to the infected sites will be the most promising goal for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ronga
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie Pour l'Environnement et les Matériaux, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, 64053 Pau, France
| | - Mario Varcamonti
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Cynthia, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Diego Tesauro
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II", Via Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Carpio-Granillo M, Zuno-Cruz FJ, Sánchez-Cabrera G, Rojo-Gómez EG, González-Ábrego DO, Coronel-Olivares C, Caviedes MF, Andrade-López N, Rosales-Hoz MJ, Leyva MA. p–nitrobenzyl-substituted N–heterocyclic carbene in Silver(I) and Gold(I) complexes and their antibacterial activities. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mikhaylov VN, Balova IA. Alternative Transformations of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of the Group 11 Metals in Transmetalation Reactions (A Review). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221110098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Nayak S, Gaonkar SL. Coinage Metal N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Recent Synthetic Strategies and Medicinal Applications. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1360-1390. [PMID: 33277791 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New weapons are constantly needed in the fight against cancer. The discovery of cisplatin as an anticancer drug prompted the search for new metal complexes. The successful history of cisplatin motivated chemists to develop a plethora of metal-based molecules. Among them, metal-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have gained significant attention because of their suitable qualities for efficient drug design. The enhanced applications of coinage metal-NHC complexes have encouraged a gradually increasing number of studies in the fields of medicinal chemistry that benefit from the fascinating chemical properties of these complexes. This review aims to present recent developments in synthetic strategies and medicinal applications of copper, silver and gold complexes supported by NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnagowri Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Santosh L Gaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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Dileepan AB, Ganeshkumar A, Ranjith R, Maruthamuthu D, Rajaram R, Rajam S. Killing effects of Candida albicans through alteration of cellular morphology and growth metabolism using Tris-NHC ligand coordinated to AgI and CuI. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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N-heterocyclic carbene-metal complexes as bio-organometallic antimicrobial and anticancer drugs, an update (2015–2020). Future Med Chem 2020; 12:2239-2275. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are organic compounds that typically mimic the chemical properties of phosphines. NHCs have made a significant impact on the field of coordination and organometallic chemistry because they are easy to prepare and handle and because of their versatility and stability. Importantly, the physicochemical properties of NHCs can be easily fine-tuned by simple variation of substituents on the nitrogen atoms. Over the past few years, various NHC–metal complexes have been extensively used as metal-based drug candidates and catalysts (homogeneous or heterogeneous) for various applications. To help assist future work with these compounds, this review provides a thorough review on the latest information involving some biomedical applications of NHC–metal complexes. Specifically, this article focuses on recent advances in the design, synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications (e.g., antimicrobial and anticancer activity) of various NHC–metal complexes (metal: silver, gold, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and platinum) covering work published from 2015 to 2020. It is hoped that the promising discoveries to date will help accelerate studies on the encouraging potential of NHC–metal complexes as a class of effective therapeutic agents.
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Dinuclear rectangular-shaped assemblies of bis-benzimidazolydine salt coordinated to Ag(I) and Cu(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes and their biological applications. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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