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Jin X, Alavi SE, Shafiee A, Leite-Silva VR, Khosrotehrani K, Mohammed Y. Metamorphosis of Topical Semisolid Products-Understanding the Role of Rheological Properties in Drug Permeation under the "in Use" Condition. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1707. [PMID: 37376155 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
When developing topical semisolid products, it is crucial to consider the metamorphosis of the formulation under the "in use" condition. Numerous critical quality characteristics, including rheological properties, thermodynamic activity, particle size, globule size, and the rate/extent of drug release/permeation, can be altered during this process. This study aimed to use lidocaine as a model drug to establish a connection between the evaporation and change of rheological properties and the permeation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in topical semisolid products under the "in use" condition. The evaporation rate of the lidocaine cream formulation was calculated by measuring the weight loss and heat flow of the sample using DSC/TGA. Changes in rheological properties due to metamorphosis were assessed and predicted using the Carreau-Yasuda model. The impact of solvent evaporation on a drug's permeability was studied by in vitro permeation testing (IVPT) using occluded and unconcluded cells. Overall, it was found that the viscosity and elastic modulus of prepared lidocaine cream gradually increased with the time of evaporation as a result of the aggregation of carbopol micelles and the crystallization of API after application. Compared to occluded cells, the permeability of lidocaine for formulation F1 (2.5% lidocaine) in unoccluded cells decreased by 32.4%. This was believed to be the result of increasing viscosity and crystallization of lidocaine instead of depletion of API from the applied dose, which was confirmed by formulation F2 with a higher content of API (5% lidocaine) showing a similar pattern, i.e., a 49.7% reduction of permeability after 4 h of study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to simultaneously demonstrate the rheological change of a topical semisolid formulation during volatile solvent evaporation, resulting in a concurrent decrease in the permeability of API, which provides mathematical modelers with the necessary background to build complex models that incorporate evaporation, viscosity, and drug permeation in the simulation once at a time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Jin
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Seyed Ebrahim Alavi
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Abbas Shafiee
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Vania Rodrigues Leite-Silva
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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Su H, Li P, Wang Y, Wu H, Ma X, Liu Y, Ma Y, Liu S, Xia C. Combination of Soxhlet extraction and catalytic hydrodebromination for remediation of tetrabromobisphenol A contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 300:134545. [PMID: 35427671 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a widely used brominated flame retardants (BFRs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) has been detected in various environmental matrices and is known to cause negative effects on both the environment and human health. In this study, a combined method was developed for the abatement of TBBPA contaminated soil based on successive steps of solvent extraction (SE) and catalytic hydrodebromination (HDB) over Pd/C. The results showed that TBBPA could be efficiently extracted from the TBBPA contaminated soil with polar solvents. Subsequently, TBBPA could be completely hydrodebrominated over Pd/C in ethanol, via multistep ultimately yielding bisphenol A. Moreover, NaOH, NH3H2O, and Et3N were more favorable to promote the HDB of 4-TBBPA over Pd/C, and 100% bromide atom removal ratio of TBBPA was achieved within 40 min when [NaOH]0/[organic-Br]0 was more than 1.10 in ethanol. However, the catalytic activity of Pd/C decreased with the repeated use in ethanol. To study the mechanism for this phenomenon, fresh and used catalysts were analyzed by characterization techniques including scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). It was found that the deactivation of Pd/C catalyst caused by the gradual accumulation of NaBr could be recovered by washing with water. On the basis of these studies, an effective and practical system for the combined method of SE and catalytic HDB over Pd/C was developed to dispose BFRs contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Su
- The Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Haiyang Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xuanxuan Ma
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China; Fujian Provincial Colleges and University Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Resource Utilization, Longyan University, Longyan, 364012, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yunbo Ma
- The Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Sujing Liu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Chuanhai Xia
- The Institute for Advanced Study of Coastal Ecology, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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Nucleation Behaviors of Adipic Acid in Different Polarity Solvent Based on Metastable Zone Width. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this contribution, we experimentally determined the metastable zone width (MSZW) of adipic acid (AA) in different polar solvents to reveal the nucleation behavior. We performed analyses for different cooling rates, saturation temperatures and polar solvents. The findings showed that the MSZW increased as the cooling rate increased, or saturation temperature or polarity decreased. Here, we suggest that the hydrogen bond donor capacity decreases as the polarity of the solvent decreases, which weakens the solute and solvent interaction and makes the desolvation process more difficult during nucleation. Furthermore, we found that the MSZW is mainly determined by the cooling rate, when the cooling rate is large enough. On account of the classical nucleation theory, it was found that the sizes of the critical nucleus and Gibbs nucleation energy do not increase monotonously with increasing driving force. Moreover, this study confirms that solid–liquid interface tension is associated with crystallization driving force.
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Xu S, Zhang H, Qiao B, Wang Y. Insights into solvent-dependent nucleation behavior of benzoic acid from metastable zone widths. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Feng S, Yao M, Guo S, Liu Y, Peng H, Ma Y, Shi P, Gong J, Chen M. Understanding the solid-liquid phase equilibrium of 3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid in thirteen pure solvents by thermodynamic analysis and molecular simulation. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dong X, Cao Y, Wang N, Wang P, Li M. Systematic study on solubility of chrysin in different organic solvents: The synergistic effect of multiple intermolecular interactions on the dissolution process. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Ha ES, Park H, Lee SK, Sim WY, Jeong JS, Kim MS. Equilibrium solubility and modeling of trans-resveratrol in dichloromethane and primary alcohol solvent mixtures at different temperatures. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Chen S, Liu Q, Dou H, Zhang L, Pei L, Huang R, Shu G, Yuan Z, Lin J, Zhang W, Peng G, Zhong Z, Yin L, Zhao L, Fu H. Solubility and dissolution thermodynamic properties of Mequindox in binary solvent mixtures. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Solid-liquid phase equilibrium and thermodynamic analysis of griseofulvin in twelve mono-solvents. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Uncover the effect of solvent on dissolution behavior of dimethylaminomicheliolide fumarate salt. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Experimental determination and prediction of the solubility of alpha-(trichloromethyl) benzyl acetate in monosolvents and binary mixed solvents. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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