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Mandor H, Amin NK, Abdelwahab O, El-Ashtoukhy ESZ. Preparation and characterization of N-doped ZnO and N-doped TiO 2 beads for photocatalytic degradation of phenol and ammonia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:56845-56862. [PMID: 35347620 PMCID: PMC9374654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
N-doped ZnO beads (NZB) and N-doped TiO2 beads (NTB) were synthesized via a modified sol-gel technique utilizing chitosan (CS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel beads as basic support for photocatalyst. Urea was used as a source of nitrogen in the preparation of N-doped ZnO beads, while ammonium acetate, CH3COONH4, was used as a nitrogen source in the production of N-doped TiO2 beads. The characteristics of synthesized beads were identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, BET surface area, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) measurements, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) studies. The use of the nitrogen doping method for photocatalyst was performed to adjust the bandgap and electrical properties of ZnO and TiO2 by establishing acceptor defects. NZB and NTB with the intrinsic donor defect of oxygen vacancy and the nitrogen-to-oxygen acceptor defect could be activated by a less-energy UV consumption for efficient pollutant degradation. The results indicated that the as-synthesized NZB achieved much higher degradation activity than NTB, commercial ZnO, and TiO2 in the decomposition of a binary mixture composed of ammonia and phenol under UV light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Mandor
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nevine K Amin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ola Abdelwahab
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - El-Sayed Z El-Ashtoukhy
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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2
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Gupta B, Gupta AK. Photocatalytic performance of 3D engineered chitosan hydrogels embedded with sulfur-doped C 3N 4/ZnO nanoparticles for Ciprofloxacin removal: Degradation and mechanistic pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 198:87-100. [PMID: 34968537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin, a biotoxic micropollutant, is ubiquitously found in the water environment, which is a global concern. This study developed polymeric S-C3N4/ZnO-Chitosan (indexed as SCZ-CH) hydrogels for degrading Ciprofloxacin. The SCZ-CH hydrogels provided the Ciprofloxacin degradation efficiencies of ~93% and ~69% in UV and visible lights, respectively, at optimum conditions (SCZ-CH hydrogels with 2 g/L SCZ, 20 mg/L initial concentration, pH 5, and room temperature). In addition, immobilized SCZ-CH hydrogels structures enable easy separation of the SCZ catalyst from water. The spectroscopic and microscopic analyses of SCZ-CH hydrogels show multifaceted properties, like high oxygen concentrations, crystallinity, stacked structure, high roughness, and improved bandgap energy, which are responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic activity. The effects of water matrix and experimental conditions on Ciprofloxacin degradation were also studied, which suggested that the catalyst dose and solution pH have significant effects on photocatalytic activity. SCZ-CH hydrogels have shown good mineralization efficiency (~98%) and reusability (up to 10 cycles) for Ciprofloxacin removal. Superoxide radicals played an essential role in the degradation of Ciprofloxacin. The Ciprofloxacin molecules get degraded by driving radicals through oxidation, defluorination, substitution, and breaking of the rings. The proposed SCZ-CH hydrogels can be effectively used at a large scale to treat micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bramha Gupta
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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3
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Rasheed T, Rizwan K, Bilal M, Sher F, Iqbal HMN. Tailored functional materials as robust candidates to mitigate pesticides in aqueous matrices-a review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131056. [PMID: 34111632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are among the top-priority contaminants, which significantly contribute to environmental deterioration. Conventional techniques are not efficient enough to remove pollutants from environmental matrices. The development of functional materials has emerged as promising candidates to remove and degrade pesticides and related hazardous compounds. Furthermore, the nanohybrid materials with unique structural and functional characteristics, such as better material anchorage, mass transfer, electron-hole separation, and charged interaction make them a versatile option to treat and reduce pollutants from aqueous matrices. Herein, we present the current progress in the development of functional materials for the abatement of toxic pesticides. The physicochemical characteristics and pesticide-removal functionalities of various metallic functional materials (e.g., zirconium, zinc, titanium, tungsten, and iron), polymer, and carbon-based materials are critically discussed with suitable examples. Finally, the industrial-scale applications of the functional materials, concluding remarks, and future directions in this important arena are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Rasheed
- School of Chemistry, and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Komal Rizwan
- Department of Chemistry University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, 57000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Science, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, N.L., CP 64849, Mexico
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Majumder A, Saidulu D, Gupta AK, Ghosal PS. Predicting the trend and utility of different photocatalysts for degradation of pharmaceutically active compounds: A special emphasis on photocatalytic materials, modifications, and performance comparison. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 293:112858. [PMID: 34052613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The rapid rise in the healthcare sector has led to an increase in pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in different aqueous bodies. The toxicity of the PhACs and their ability to persist after conventional treatment processes have escalated research in the field of photocatalytic treatment. Although different photocatalysts have been successful in degrading PhACs, their inherent drawbacks have severely limited their application on a large scale. A substantial amount of research has been aimed at overcoming the high cost of the photocatalytic material, low quantum yield, the formation of toxic end products, etc. Hence, to further research in this field, researchers must have a fair idea of the current trends in the application of different photocatalysts. In this article, the trends in the use of various photocatalysts for the removal of different PhACs have been circumscribed. The performance of different groups of photocatalysts to degrade PhACs from synthetic and real wastewater has been addressed. The drawbacks and advantages of these materials have been compared, and their future in the field of PhACs removal has been predicted using S-curve analysis. Zinc and titanium-based photocatalysts were efficient under UV irradiation, while bismuth and graphene-based materials exhibited exemplary performance in visible light. However, iron-based compounds were found to have the most promising future, which may be because of their magnetic properties, easy availability, low bandgap, etc. Different modification techniques, such as morphology modification, doping, heterojunction formation, etc., have also been discussed. This study may help researchers to clarify the current research status in the field of photocatalytic treatment of PhACs and provide valuable information for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhradeep Majumder
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Duduku Saidulu
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, India.
| | - Partha Sarathi Ghosal
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, India
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Gupta B, Gupta AK, Ghosal PS, Tiwary CS. Photo-induced degradation of bio-toxic Ciprofloxacin using the porous 3D hybrid architecture of an atomically thin sulfur-doped g-C 3N 4/ZnO nanosheet. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109154. [PMID: 31986431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is a pharmaceutically active compound which belongs to a class of micropollutants that cannot be removed using conventional water treatment systems. In this study, photocatalytic degradation using materials with high surface area and active sites was proposed to remove such contaminants. We demonstrated an easily scalable and simple synthesis route to prepare a 3D porous sulfur-doped g-C3N4/ZnO hybrid material, and the preparation process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology targeting Ciprofloxacin degradation. The hybrid material removed up to 98% of the bio-toxic Ciprofloxacin from synthetic water. The porous, defect engineered, thermally stable, and chemically interconnected hybrid material presented an 18 and 38% improved degradation efficiency compared to ZnO and sulfur-doped g-C3N4 (or S-C3N4), respectively. Based on our experimental results, an empirical relation correlating synthesis process parameters and degradation efficiency was developed using face-centered central composite design (FCCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). The current model can be used to design catalytic materials for removing bio-toxic and other micropollutants from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bramha Gupta
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Partha Sarathi Ghosal
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Chandra Sekhar Tiwary
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Majumder A, Gupta B, Gupta AK. Pharmaceutically active compounds in aqueous environment: A status, toxicity and insights of remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108542. [PMID: 31387068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have pernicious effects on all kinds of life forms because of their toxicological effects and are found profoundly in various wastewater treatment plant influents, hospital effluents, and surface waters. The concentrations of different pharmaceuticals were found in alarmingly high concentrations in various parts of the globe, and it was also observed that the concentration of PhACs present in the water could be eventually related to the socio-economic conditions and climate of the region. Drinking water equivalent limit for each PhAC has been calculated and compared with the occurrence data from various continents. Since these compounds are recalcitrant towards conventional treatment methods, while advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have shown better efficiency in degrading these PhACs. The performance of the AOPs have been evaluated based on percentage removal, time, and electrical energy consumed to degrade different classes of PhACs. Ozone based AOPs were found to be favorable because of their low treatment time, low cost, and high efficiency. However, complete degradation cannot be achieved by these processes, and various transformation products are formed, which may be more toxic than the parent compounds. The various transformation products formed from various PhACs during treatment have been highlighted. Significant stress has been given on the role of various process parameters, water matrix, oxidizing radicals, and the mechanism of degradation. Presence of organic compounds, nitrate, and phosphate usually hinders the degradation process, while chlorine and sulfate showed a positive effect. The role of individual oxidizing radicals, interfering ions, and pH demonstrated dissimilar effects on different groups of PhACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhradeep Majumder
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Bramha Gupta
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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Dehghani A, Bahlakeh G, Ramezanzadeh B, Ramezanzadeh M. Detailed macro-/micro-scale exploration of the excellent active corrosion inhibition of a novel environmentally friendly green inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic environments. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Novel cost-effective and high-performance green inhibitor based on aqueous Peganum harmala seed extract for mild steel corrosion in HCl solution: Detailed experimental and electronic/atomic level computational explorations. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dehghani A, Bahlakeh G, Ramezanzadeh B, Ramezanzadeh M. A combined experimental and theoretical study of green corrosion inhibition of mild steel in HCl solution by aqueous Citrullus lanatus fruit (CLF) extract. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Debnath D, Gupta AK, Ghosal PS. Recent advances in the development of tailored functional materials for the treatment of pesticides in aqueous media: A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Samal K, Dash RR, Bhunia P. Design and development of a hybrid macrophyte assisted vermifilter for the treatment of dairy wastewater: A statistical and kinetic modelling approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:156-169. [PMID: 30016709 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Global urbanization, exponential increase in population and sophisticated life style of the present generation are the major causes leading to a rapid increase in water demand in recent years. In order to nullify this rising water demand, it's high time to reuse domestic as well as industrial effluent after providing suitable chemical/biological treatment. Macrophyte filter incorporated with earthworm is identified as one of the most economic system for the treatment purpose in developing countries. However, very few literatures and technical information are available to scale up the design and its easy operation. This paper aims to develop a hybrid system and assess its performance for the purification of dairy wastewater. In the present study, two stage macrophyte assisted vermifilters (MAVFs) have been designed. The 1st stage encompassed a vertical flow (VF) unit, and the 2nd stage contained a horizontal flow (HF) unit. Both the units were inoculated with earthworm Eisenia fetida and were planted with Canna indica. Box-Behnken model was applied to design the system and study the effect of various parameters. It was observed that hybrid MAVF system removed a maximum of 83.2% COD and 57.3% TN at HLR 0.6 m/d and an active layer depth of 30 cm. Ammonification and nitrification typically occurred in the active layer (earthworm inoculated zone) of VF unit due to high activity of earthworms and its associated gut microbes, whereas HF unit facilitate denitrification process. Earthworm growth characteristics in the system were monitored, which is an imperative factor for the design of MAVF reactor. Kinetic modelling of 1st order, grau 2nd order and Stover-Kincannon model were performed and the Stover-Kincannon model showed high regression coefficient (COD, R2 0.9961 and TN, R2 0.9353) supporting its applicability as compared to the other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Samal
- School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, 752 050, Odisha, India; School of Civil Engineering, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology-Deemed to be University Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Rajesh Roshan Dash
- School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, 752 050, Odisha, India.
| | - Puspendu Bhunia
- School of Infrastructure, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, 752 050, Odisha, India
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Kabir H, Gupta AK, Debnath D. Synthesis, optimization and characterization of mesoporous Mg-Al-Fe tri-metal nanocomposite targeting defluoridation: Synergistic interaction of molar ratio and thermal activation. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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