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Zafar M, Sakidin H, Sheremet M, Dzulkarnain I, Nazar RM, Hussain A, Said Z, Afzal F, Al-Yaari A, Khan MS, Khan JA. The Impact of Cavities in Different Thermal Applications of Nanofluids: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13061131. [PMID: 36986025 PMCID: PMC10052091 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanofluids and nanotechnology are very important in enhancing heat transfer due to the thermal conductivity of their nanoparticles, which play a vital role in heat transfer applications. Researchers have used cavities filled with nanofluids for two decades to increase the heat-transfer rate. This review also highlights a variety of theoretical and experimentally measured cavities by exploring the following parameters: the significance of cavities in nanofluids, the effects of nanoparticle concentration and nanoparticle material, the influence of the inclination angle of cavities, heater and cooler effects, and magnetic field effects in cavities. The different shapes of the cavities have several advantages in multiple applications, e.g., L-shaped cavities used in the cooling systems of nuclear and chemical reactors and electronic components. Open cavities such as ellipsoidal, triangular, trapezoidal, and hexagonal are applied in electronic equipment cooling, building heating and cooling, and automotive applications. Appropriate cavity design conserves energy and produces attractive heat-transfer rates. Circular microchannel heat exchangers perform best. Despite the high performance of circular cavities in micro heat exchangers, square cavities have more applications. The use of nanofluids has been found to improve thermal performance in all the cavities studied. According to the experimental data, nanofluid use has been proven to be a dependable solution for enhancing thermal efficiency. To improve performance, it is suggested that research focus on different shapes of nanoparticles less than 10 nm with the same design of the cavities in microchannel heat exchangers and solar collectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasar Zafar
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
- Center for Research in Enhanced Oil Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
| | - Hamzah Sakidin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
| | - Mikhail Sheremet
- Laboratory on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Iskandar Dzulkarnain
- Center for Research in Enhanced Oil Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
| | - Roslinda Mohd Nazar
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Abida Hussain
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
| | - Zafar Said
- Department of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy (USPCAS-E), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University (LAU), Byblos P.O. Box 13-5053, Lebanon
| | - Farkhanda Afzal
- Department of Humanities and Basic Sciences, MCS, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Al-Yaari
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Saad Khan
- CO2 Research Center, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha 23874, Qatar
| | - Javed Akbar Khan
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
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Moreno-Velarde F, Martín EI, Hidalgo Toledo J, Sánchez-Coronilla A. DFT Study on the Enhancement of Isobaric Specific Heat of GaN and InN Nanosheets for Use as Nanofluids in Solar Energy Plants. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:915. [PMID: 36769922 PMCID: PMC9917575 DOI: 10.3390/ma16030915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, GaN and InN nanosheets with dodecylamine (DDA) as surfactant have been studied as nanofluids to be used in solar plants. The interactions between the sheets and the surfactants have been performed using density functional theory. The most favorable interaction site on the surface corresponds to the metallic atom of the sheet with the N atom of the surfactant. In this interaction, the pair of electrons of N from the surfactant with the metal atom of the sheet play a stabilizing role, which is corroborated by electron localization function (ELF), quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), and density of states (DOS) analysis. The isobaric specific heat values for the most favorable interaction were obtained in the presence of water, ethylene glycol, and diphenyl oxide as solvents for the first time. The highest value corresponds to systems with diphenyl oxide, being the values obtained of 0.644 J/gK and 0.363 J/gK for GaN-DDA and InN-DDA systems, respectively. These results open the possibilities of using GaN-DDA and InN-DDA systems in solar energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Moreno-Velarde
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elisa I. Martín
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Hidalgo Toledo
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez-Coronilla
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41012 Sevilla, Spain
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