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Feng X, Sun Y, Zhang T, Li J, Zhao H, Zhao W, Xiang G, He L. Ionic liquid-functionalized mesoporous multipod silica for simultaneously effective extraction of aflatoxin B 1 and its two precursors from grain. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1303:342544. [PMID: 38609271 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and its precursors contaminate food and agricultural products, posing a significant risk to food safety and human health, but simultaneous and effective extraction and determination of AFB1 and its precursors with varied structures is still a challenging task. RESULTS In this study, a bisimidazolium-type ionic liquid functionalized mesoporous multipod silica (SiO2@mPMO-IL(im)2) was fabricated to extract AFB1 and its two precursors, i.e., averantin and sterigmatocystin. The SiO2@mPMO-IL(im)2 could simultaneously extract three targets with varied structures based on the multipods, mesopores, and multifunctional groups. The density functional theory calculations further verified the multiple interactions between SiO2@mPMO-IL(im)2 and targets. The fabricated SiO2@mPMO-IL(im)2 could effectively extract and determine three targets in grains by combing with dispersive solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Good linearity (r2 > 0.9978), low LODs (0.9-1.5 μg kg-1) and LOQs (3.0-4.5 μg kg-1), satisfactory spiked recoveries (92.5%-106.8%) and high precisions (RSD<6.4%) were observed. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY This work demonstrates the feasibility of SiO2@mPMO-IL(im)2 for simultaneous and effective extraction of toxins with varied structures and provides a promising sample preparation for the analysis of AFB1 and its precursors in grain samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxing Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Yaming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Jingna Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Guoqiang Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
| | - Lijun He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Zhengzhou, 450001, PR China.
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Sun J, Liu Q, Gu M, Wang Y. Effect of Equivalence Ratio on Pollutant Formation in CH 4O/H 2/NH 3 Blend Combustion. Molecules 2023; 29:176. [PMID: 38202760 PMCID: PMC10780197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates the effect of equivalence ratio on pollutant formation characteristics of CH4O/H2/NH3 ternary fuel combustion and analyzes the pollutant formation mechanisms of CO, CO2, and NOX at the molecular level. It was found that lowering the equivalence ratio accelerates the decomposition of CH4O, H2, and NH3 in general. The fastest rate of consumption of each fuel was found at φ = 0.33, while the rates of CH4O and NH3 decomposition were similar for the φ = 0.66 and φ = 0.4. CO shows an inverted U-shaped trend with time, and peaks at φ = 0.5. The rate and amount of CO2 formation are inversely proportional to the equivalence ratio. The effect of equivalence ratio on CO2 is obvious when φ > 0.5. NO2 is the main component of NOX. When φ < 0.66, NOX shows a continuous increasing trend, while when φ ≥ 0.66, NOX shows an increasing and then stabilizing trend. Reaction path analysis showed that intermediates such as CH3 and CH4 were added to the CH4O to CH2O conversion stage as the equivalence ratio decreased with φ ≥ 0.5. New pathways, CH4O→CH3→CH2O and CH4O→CH3→CH4→CH2O, were added. At φ ≤ 0.5, new intermediates CHO2 and CH2O2 were added to the CH2O to CO2 conversion stage, and new pathways are added: CH2O→CO→CHO2→CO2, CH2O→CO→CO2, CH2O→CHO→CO→CHO2→CO2, and CH2O→CH2O2→CO2. The reduction in the number of radical reactions required for the conversion of NH3 to NO from five to two directly contributes to the large amount of NOX formation. Equivalent ratios from 1 to 0.33 corresponded to 12%, 21.4%, 34%, 46.95%, and 48.86% of NO2 remaining, respectively. This is due to the fact that as the equivalence ratio decreases, more O2 collides to form OH and some of the O2 is directly involved in the reaction forming NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Sun
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China; (J.S.); (Q.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Qianqian Liu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China; (J.S.); (Q.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Mingyan Gu
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China; (J.S.); (Q.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243002, China; (J.S.); (Q.L.); (M.G.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma’anshan 243032, China
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Abou El-Alamin MM, Toubar SS, Mohamed DA, Helmy MI. Development of Green HPTLC method for simultaneous determination of a promising combination Tamsulosin and Mirabegron: stability-indicating assay was examined. BMC Chem 2023; 17:130. [PMID: 37777770 PMCID: PMC10541718 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, mirabegron has been added to tamsulosin to treat overactive bladder in men with benign prostatic hypertrophy. A Rapid, selective, sensitive, and green high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) approach was developed for the simultaneous determination of tamsulosin (TAM) and mirabegron (MIR) in pure and laboratory-prepared mixture. Complete separation was obtained on silica gel F254 using the solvent system methanol-ethyl acetate-ammonia (3:7:0.1, v/v). Short-wave ultraviolet light at 270 nm was used to view the chromatographic bands. For MIR and TAM, the suggested technique revealed compact spots with retention factor Rf values of 0.42 and 0.63, respectively. Within concentration ranges of 0.15-7.5 µg/band and 0.05-2.5 µg/band, good linearity was observed, with mean percentage recoveries of 100.04 ± 0.56 and 99.98% ± 0.95 for MIR and TAM, respectively. Green assessment of the developed HPTLC technique was estimated using different green analytical chemistry metrics such as Analytical eco-scale Analytical GREEness (AGREE), and Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) metrics. The proposed method was effectively used as a stability-indicating assay to assess the presence of MIR and TAM in the pharmaceutical dosage form in the presence of their degradation product. The statistical analysis showed high precision and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M Abou El-Alamin
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P. O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa S Toubar
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P. O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina A Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P. O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Marwa I Helmy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, P. O. Box 11795, Cairo, Egypt
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Pršlja P, Žibert T, Urbic T. Monte Carlo simulations of simple two dimensional water-alcohol mixtures. J Mol Liq 2022; 368:120692. [PMID: 37731590 PMCID: PMC10508878 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Simple alcohols such as methanol and ethanol, are organic chemicals that can be used to store energy, which can be used as an alternative to fossil fuels. Each alcohol has at least one hydroxyl group attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl group. They can be considered as organic derivatives of water in which one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced by an alkyl group. In this work, we determined the thermodynamic and structural properties of two dimensional water-alcohol mixtures using the Monte Carlo method. We used two-dimensional Mercedes-Benz (MB) model for water and MB based models for lower alcohols. The structural and thermodynamic properties of the mixtures were studied by Monte Carlo simulations in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble. We show that 2D models display similar trends in the density maxima as in real water-alcohol mixtures. With increasing content of alcohols, the temperature of maxima increases and upon further increase starts to decrease and at high concentrations, the density maxima disappears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pršlja
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Taja Žibert
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 113, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Tomaz Urbic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 113, SI-1000, Slovenia
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Computing dissipative particle dynamics interactions to render molecular structure and temperature-dependent properties of simple liquids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Papez P, Urbic T. Simple two-dimensional models of alcohols. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:054608. [PMID: 35706252 PMCID: PMC10040488 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.054608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Alcohols are organic compounds characterized by one or more hydroxyl groups attached to a carbon atom of an alkyl group. They can be considered as organic derivatives of water in which one of the hydrogen atoms is replaced by an alkyl group. In this work, the Mercedes-Benz model of water is used to design simple two-dimensional (2D) models of lower alcohols. The structural and thermodynamic properties of the constructed simple models are studied by conducting Monte Carlo simulations in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble. We show that 2D models display similar trends in structuring and thermodynamics as in experiments. The present work on the smallest amphiphilc organic solutes provides a simple testing ground to study the competition between polar and non-polar effects within the molecule and physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Papez
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001, Slovenia and Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Tomaz Urbic
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna Pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ultrasound and Microwave Assisted Extraction of Opuntia Fruit Peels Biocompounds: Optimization and Comparison Using RSM-CCD. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193618. [PMID: 31597259 PMCID: PMC6804160 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of bioactive compounds, peels from Opuntia engelmannii cultivar (cv.) Valencia were optimized by response surface methodology. Randomized extraction runs were performed for each of the technologies employed in order to build effective models with maximum (bioactive molecules content and yield) and minimum (antioxidant activity) responses. A 5-level, 4-factor central composite design was used to obtain target responses as a function of extraction time (t), solid to liquid ratio (S/L), methanol concentration (metOH), and temperature (T). Specific response optimization for each technology was analyzed, discussed, and general optimization from all the responses together was also gather. The optimum values for each factor were: t = 2.5 and 1.4 min, S/L = 5 and 5 g/L, metOH = 34.6 and 0% of methanol and T = 30 and 36.6 °C, achieving maximum responses of 201.6 and 132.9 mg of betalains/g, 13.9 and 8.0 mg of phenolic acids/g, 2.4 and 1.5 mg of flavonoids/g, 71.8% and 79.1% of extractable solid and IC50 values for the antioxidant activity of 2.9 and 3.6, for UAE and MAE, respectively. The present study suggested UAE as the best extraction system, in order to maximize recovery of bioactive compounds with a high antioxidant activity.
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