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Lavanya M, Machado AA. Surfactants as biodegradable sustainable inhibitors for corrosion control in diverse media and conditions: A comprehensive review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168407. [PMID: 37939963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corrosion is a challenging and potentially harmful process that involves the continuing, impulsive deterioration of metallic structures via reactions involving environmental components and electro- or chemical processes. To inhibit corrosion, various additives are added. Traditional additives, on the other hand, contain environmentally hazardous substances. Surfactants are less expensive, easier to manufacture, and have high inhibitory efficacy and low toxicity compared to standard corrosion inhibitors. They are often employed as corrosion inhibitors to protect metallic materials against corrosion. METHODS Surfactant molecules' amphiphilic nature promotes adsorption at surfaces such as the metal/metal oxide-water interface. Surfactant adsorption on metals and metal oxides forms a barrier that can prevent corrosion. SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS This review of surfactants as corrosion inhibitors aims to offer a systemic evaluation of various surfactant physical and chemical properties, surfactant influence in corrosion inhibition, and surfactant used in corrosion inhibition that can be used to enhance the efficacy of surfactant use as corrosion inhibitors in a variety of environments. The effect of several parameters on the potential to suppress corrosion of surfactant molecule series is also discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lavanya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India.
| | - Avryl Anna Machado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Elsharif AM. Synthesis and evaluation of newly E-octadec-9-enoic acid derivatives as sustainable corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1.0 M HCl. ARAB JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2022.2164649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Asma M. Elsharif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Fawzy A, Al Bahir A, Alqarni N, Toghan A, Khider M, Ibrahim IM, Abulreesh HH, Elbanna K. Evaluation of synthesized biosurfactants as promising corrosion inhibitors and alternative antibacterial and antidermatophytes agents. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2585. [PMID: 36788345 PMCID: PMC9929228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated different amino acid-based surfactants (AASs), also known as biosurfactants, including sodium N-dodecyl asparagine (AS), sodium N-dodecyl tryptophan (TS), and sodium N-dodecyl histidine (HS) for their potential anticorrosion, antibacterial, and antidermatophyte properties. The chemical and electrochemical techniques were employed to examine the copper corrosion inhibition efficacy in H2SO4 (1.0 M) solution at 298 K. The results indicated their promising corrosion inhibition efficiencies (% IEs), which varied with the biosurfactant structures and concentrations, and the concentrations of corrosive medium. Higher % IEs values were attributed to the surfactant adsorption on the copper surface and the production of a protective film. The adsorption was in agreement with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The kinetics and mechanisms of copper corrosion and its inhibition by the examined AASs were illuminated. The surfactants behaved as mixed-kind inhibitors with minor anodic priority. The values of % IEs gained from weight loss technique at a 500 ppm of the tested surfactants were set to be 81, 83 and 88 for AS, HS and TS, respectively. The values of % IEs acquired from all the applied techniques were almost consistent which were increased in the order: TS > HS ≥ AS, establishing the validity of this study. These surfactants also exhibited strong broad-spectrum activities against pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and dermatophytes. HS exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity followed by TS, and AS. The sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria varied against tested AASs. Shigella dysenteriae and Trichophyton mantigrophytes were found to be the most sensitive pathogens. HS exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Shigella dysenteriae, Bacillus cereus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus through the formation of clear zones of 70, 50, 40, 39, and 35 mm diameters, respectively. AASs also exhibited strong antifungal activity against all the tested dermatophyte molds and fungi. HS caused the inhibition zones of 62, 57, 56, 48, and 36 mm diameters against Trichophyton mantigrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Candida albicans, Trichosporon cataneum, and Cryptococcus neoformans, respectively. AASs minimal lethal concentrations ranged between 16 to 128 µg/ml. HS presented the lowest value (16 µg/ml) against tested pathogens followed by TS (64 µg/ml), and AS (128 µg/ml). Therefore, AASs, especially HS, could serve as an effective alternative antimicrobial agent against food-borne pathogenic bacteria and skin infections-associated dermatophyte fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fawzy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - Areej Al Bahir
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 64734, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alqarni
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts in Balgarn, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafat Toghan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Manal Khider
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M Ibrahim
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Hussein Hasan Abulreesh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khaled Elbanna
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratories Unit, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Fawzy A, Toghan A, Alqarni N, Morad M, Zaki MEA, Sanad MMS, Alakhras AI, Farag AA. Experimental and Computational Exploration of Chitin, Pectin, and Amylopectin Polymers as Efficient Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in an Acidic Environment: Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and Mechanistic Aspects. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:891. [PMID: 36850177 PMCID: PMC9963790 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, the inhibition impacts of chitin, pectin, and amylopectin as carbohydrate polymers on the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl were researched utilizing various experimental and theoretical tools. The acquired outcomes showed that the inhibition efficiencies (% IEs) of the tested carbohydrate polymers were increased by raising their concentrations and these biopolymers acting as mixed-kind inhibitors with major anodic ones. The acquired % IEs values were reduced with rising temperature. The higher % IEs of the tested polymers were inferred via powerful adsorption of the polymeric molecules on the steel surface and such adsorption obeyed the Langmuir isotherm. The computed thermodynamic and kinetic quantities confirmed the mechanism of physical adsorption. The kinetics and mechanisms of corrosion and its protection by polymeric compounds were illuminated. The results obtained from all the techniques used confirmed that there was good agreement with each other, and that the % of IEs followed the sequence: chitin > amylopectin > pectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fawzy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Arafat Toghan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Nada Alqarni
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts in Balgarn, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moataz Morad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustafa M. S. Sanad
- Central Metallurgical Research & Development Institute, P.O. Box 87, Helwan, Cairo 11421, Egypt
| | - Abbas I. Alakhras
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Farag
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo 11727, Egypt
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5
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Estimation of the Performances of Creatine and Creatinine as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors for Copper in Sodium Hydroxide Solution. INT J ELECTROCHEM SC 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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6
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Verma C, Hussain CM, Quraishi MA, Alfantazi A. Green surfactants for corrosion control: Design, performance and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 311:102822. [PMID: 36442322 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Surfactants enjoy an augmented share of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity and are well-known for their anticorrosive potential. The use of non-toxic surfactants is gaining growing interest because of the scaling demands of green chemistry. Green surfactants have successfully replaced traditional toxic surfactant-based corrosion inhibitors. Recently, many reports described the corrosion inhibition potential of green surfactants. The present article aims to describe the recent advancements in using green surfactants in corrosion mitigation. They create a charge transfer barrier through their adsorption at the interface of the metal and the environment. Their adsorption is well explained by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. In the adsorbed layer, their hydrophilic polar heads orient toward the metal side and their hydrophobic tails orient toward the solution side. They block the active sites and retard the anodic and cathodic and act as mixed-type inhibitors. Their adsorption and bonding nature are fruitfully supported by surface analyses. They can form mono- or multilayers depending upon the nature of the metal, electrolyte and experimental conditions. The challenges and opportunities of using green surfactants as corrosion inhibitors have also been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabhan Verma
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - M A Quraishi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akram Alfantazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Singh Raman A, Muhammad AA, Singh H, Singh T, Mkhize Z, Jain P, Singh SK, Bahadur I, Singh P. A Review on Interactions between Amino Acids and Surfactants as Well as Their Impact on Corrosion Inhibition. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47471-47489. [PMID: 36591120 PMCID: PMC9798777 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid-surfactant interactions are central to numerous studies because of their increased effectiveness in chemical, biological, household and industrial use. This review will focus on the impact and effect of the physicochemical properties, temperature, pH, and surfactant chain length of the amino acid for detailed exploration of amino acids and surfactants in aqueous medium. The impact of cosolvent on self-aggregation, critical micelle concentration (CMC), and binding affinity with other biomolecules, as well as amino acid-surfactant interactions, are the epicenters. The results show that increasing the temperature causes negative enthalpy for ionic surfactants and micellization, implying that micellization and amino acids are thermodynamically spontaneous and exothermic, accompanied by positive entropy. As these physicochemical studies are additive, the amino acid and ionic surfactant interactions provide clues on protein unfolding and denaturation under different media, which further changes with a change in physiological conditions like pH, cosolvent, chain length, and temperature. On varying the pH, the net charge of the amino acid also changes and, subsequently, the binding efficiency of the amino acids to the surfactants. The presence of cosolvent causes a lowering in the hydrophobic chain, which changes the surfactant's CMC. At a reduced CMC, the hydrophobic characteristic of amino acid-surfactant associations is amplified, leading to rapid denaturation of proteins that act as propulsion under the influence of extended chain surfactants. Amino acids are one of the most intriguing classes of chemicals that produce high inhibitory efficacy. Amino acids are also a component of proteins and therefore, found in a significant part of the human body, further making them a promising candidate as corrosion inhibitors. In this review article, authors have also focused on the collection and investigation for application of amino acid-surfactant interactions in corrosion inhibition. Various predictive studies/in silico studies are also reported by many research groups, such as density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics simulations to obtain tentative electronic, structural, and physiochemical characteristics like energies of the highest occupied molecular orbitals and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals, binding energy, Gibb's free energy, electronegativity, polarizability, and entropy. In silico studies are helpful for the mechanism predictions of the process occurring on metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amina Abdullahi Muhammad
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara144411, Punjab, India
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara144411, Punjab, India
| | - Thishana Singh
- College
of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban4000, South Africa
| | - Zimbili Mkhize
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho2735, South Africa
| | - Pallavi Jain
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, NCR Campus, Modinagar, Ghaziabad603203, UP, India
| | | | - Indra Bahadur
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho2735, South Africa
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi110021, India
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8
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MD and DFT computational simulations of Caffeoylquinic derivatives as a bio-corrosion inhibitor from quince extract with experimental investigation of corrosion protection on mild steel in 1M H2SO4. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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9
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Asymmetric Gemini Surfactants as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Acidic Medium: Experimental and theoretical studies. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Benchikh A, Belkacemi S, Maizia R, Mezian K, Makhloufi L, Saidani B. Chemical synthesis and characterization of a soluble copolymer poly (methoxyaniline-co-orthotolidine), application as corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in 3% NaCl medium. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Experimental and theoretical study of Sodium Cocoyl Glycinate as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Aslam R, Mobin M, Zehra S, Aslam J. A comprehensive review of corrosion inhibitors employed to mitigate stainless steel corrosion in different environments. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Liu Q, Wang J, Chong Y, Liu J. Inhibition effect of green Betaine type surfactants on Q235 steel in 1 mol·L−1 hydrochloric acid: The experimental and theoretical research. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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El-Ghamry HA, Fawzy A, Farghaly TA, Bawazeer TM, Alqarni N, Alkhatib FM, Gaber M. Evaluation of the efficiency of divalent cobalt and copper chelates based on isatin derivatives and thiosemicarbazide ligands as inhibitors for the corrosion of Sabic iron in acidic medium. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Alvarez PE, Fiori-Bimbi MV, Valenti RV, Ruiz Hidalgo J, Brandán SA, Gervasi CA. Improved electrochemical strategy to characterize adsorption and corrosion inhibition related to biomolecules from plant extracts: The case of Annona cherimola. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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16
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Sedik A, Athmani S, Saoudi A, Ferkous H, Ribouh N, Lerari D, Bachari K, Djellali S, Berredjem M, Solmaz R, Alam M, Jeon BH, Benguerba Y. Experimental and theoretical insights into copper corrosion inhibition by protonated amino-acids. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23718-23735. [PMID: 36090441 PMCID: PMC9396437 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03535a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of cysteine (Cys) and l-methionine (l-Met) on copper corrosion inhibition were examined in 1 M HNO3 solution for short and long exposure times. Potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used. The EIS determined the potential for zero charges of copper (PZC) in the inhibitor solution. SEM and AFM have been used to study material surfaces. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to identify surface elemental composition. DFT and molecular dynamics simulations explored the interaction between protonated amino acids and aggressive media anions on a copper (111) surface. The effects of cysteine (Cys) and l-methionine (l-Met) on copper corrosion inhibition were examined in 1 M HNO3 solution for short and long exposure times.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Sedik
- Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-chemical Analysis, BP 384, Bou-Ismail Industrial Zone, RP 42004, Tipaza, Algeria
- Nanomaterials, Corrosion and Surface Treatment Laboratory (LNMCT), Badji Mokhtar University, BP 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Samah Athmani
- Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-chemical Analysis, BP 384, Bou-Ismail Industrial Zone, RP 42004, Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Adel Saoudi
- Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-chemical Analysis, BP 384, Bou-Ismail Industrial Zone, RP 42004, Tipaza, Algeria
- Metallurgy and Materials Engineering Laboratory (LMGM), BADJI Mokhtar – Annaba University, PO 12, CP 23000, Algeria
| | - Hana Ferkous
- Laboratoire de Génie Mécanique et Matériaux, Faculté de Technologie, Université de Skikda, 21000, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Nazih Ribouh
- Nanomaterials, Corrosion and Surface Treatment Laboratory (LNMCT), Badji Mokhtar University, BP 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Djahida Lerari
- Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-chemical Analysis, BP 384, Bou-Ismail Industrial Zone, RP 42004, Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Khaldoun Bachari
- Scientific and Technical Research Center in Physico-chemical Analysis, BP 384, Bou-Ismail Industrial Zone, RP 42004, Tipaza, Algeria
| | - Souad Djellali
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Hauts Polymères (LPCHP), Faculty of Technology, University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, 19000, Setif, Algeria
| | - Malika Berredjem
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry LCOA, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Badji-Mokhtar – Annaba University, Box 12, 23000 Annaba, Algeria
| | - Ramazan Solmaz
- Bingöl University, Health Sciences Faculty, Occupational Health and Safety Department, 12000, Bingöl, Türkiye
| | - Manawwer Alam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire de Biopharmacie Et Pharmacotechnie (LPBT), Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, Setif, Algeria
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Hrimla M, Achour Y, Bahsis L, Laamari MR, Anane H, Julve M, Stiriba S. Systematic investigation of the adsorption and inhibition properties of a new clickable 1,2,3‐triazole compound for mild steel in 1 M HCl medium. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Hrimla
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Moléculaire /LCAM Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Safi, Sidi Bouzid. B.P. 4162, 46 000 Safi Morocco
| | - Youness Achour
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Moléculaire /LCAM Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Safi, Sidi Bouzid. B.P. 4162, 46 000 Safi Morocco
| | - Lahoucine Bahsis
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Moléculaire /LCAM Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Safi, Sidi Bouzid. B.P. 4162, 46 000 Safi Morocco
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination et d'Analytique (LCCA) Département de Chimie Faculté des Sciences d'El Jadida Université Chouaïb Doukkali, B.P.:20 El Jadida 24000 Morocco
| | - My Rachid Laamari
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Moléculaire /LCAM Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Safi, Sidi Bouzid. B.P. 4162, 46 000 Safi Morocco
| | - Hafid Anane
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Moléculaire /LCAM Université Cadi Ayyad, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Safi, Sidi Bouzid. B.P. 4162, 46 000 Safi Morocco
| | - Miguel Julve
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/ICMol Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2 46980 Valencia Spain
| | - Salah‐Eddine Stiriba
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/ICMol Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2 46980 Valencia Spain
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18
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Israa M. Al-Jubanawi, Al-Sawaad HZ, Alwaaly AA. Synthesis Characterization and Corrosion Inhibition of Thiourea and Phthalic Anhydride Complex with Ni(II) for Carbon Steel Alloy C1010 0.1 M Hydrochloric Acid. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375521050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Wang DY, Nie BL, Li HJ, Wang F, Zhang WZ, Wu YC. Experimental and theoretical investigation of inhibition behavior of bisflavanol for Q235 steel in hydrochloric acid solution. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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20
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Marhamati F, Mahdavian M, Bazgir S. Corrosion mitigation of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution using grape seed extract. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18374. [PMID: 34526622 PMCID: PMC8443659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts have gained a lot of attention due to their ecofriendly nature for corrosion inhibition. In this study, we examined the inhibition performance of grape seed extract as an eco-environmental inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical noise techniques were employed to study mild steel's electrochemical behavior in the hydrochloric acid solutions containing grape seed extract. Results depicted that grape seed extract could successfully inhibit the corrosion of mild steel. Besides, water droplet contact angle, field-emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy were utilized to study the surface of mild steel specimens after dipping in acidic solutions. Electrochemical impedance results showed a corrosion efficiency of about 88% in 300 ppm of grape seed extract. Also, results revealed more compact corrosion products with improved integrity in the presence of grape seed, which confirmed electrochemical test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Marhamati
- Department of Polymer Engineering Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavian
- Surface Coating and Corrosion Department, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Bazgir
- Department of Polymer Engineering Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Abdallah M, Al Bahir A, Altass H, Fawzy A, El Guesmi N, Al-Gorair AS, Benhiba F, Warad I, Zarrouk A. Anticorrosion and adsorption performance of expired antibacterial drugs on Sabic iron corrosion in HCl solution: Chemical, electrochemical and theoretical approach. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Salmasifar A, Edraki M, Alibakhshi E, Ramezanzadeh B, Bahlakeh G. Combined electrochemical/surface investigations and computer modeling of the aquatic Artichoke extract molecules corrosion inhibition properties on the mild steel surface immersed in the acidic medium. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Zheng T, Liu J, Wang L, Jia G, Wang J. Eco-friendly rosin-based 6-dehydroabietic acylamino sodium as corrosion inhibitor for AA2024-T3 in alkaline solution by experimental and theoretical studies. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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24
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Corrosion inhibition and surface examination of carbon steel 1018 via N-(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl)-N,N-dimethyloctan-1-aminium bromide in 1.0 M HCl. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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25
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Fawzy A, Toghan A. Inhibition Evaluation of Chromotrope Dyes for the Corrosion of Mild Steel in an Acidic Environment: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4051-4061. [PMID: 33585780 PMCID: PMC7876844 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In this report, two chromotrope dyes, chromotropic acid (CA) and chromotrope 2R (CR), were explored as inhibitors against mild steel corrosion in 1.0 M sulfuric acid solutions at 303 K. Electrochemical, spectroscopic, chemical, and microscopic techniques, namely, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, mass loss, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), have been employed to evaluate the inhibition efficiencies (%IEs) of the examined organic dyes. The %IEs were found to increase with the inhibitors' concentrations, while they decreased with rising temperature. The outcomes of the PDP technique displayed that the examined inhibitors operated as mixed-type inhibitors with anodic prevalence. The impedance spectra described by Nyquist and Bode graphs in the corrosive environment and in the presence of various concentrations of the examined inhibitors showed single depressed capacitive loops and one-time constants. This behavior signified that the mild steel corrosion was managed by the charge transfer process. The SEM micrographs of the surfaces of mild steel samples after adding the examined inhibitors revealed a wide coverage of these compounds on the steel surfaces. Thus, the acquired high %IEs of the examined inhibitors were interpreted by strong adsorption of the organic molecules on the mild steel surface. This constructed a shielding layer separating the alloy surface from the corrosive medium, and such adsorption was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm. Furthermore, the evaluated thermodynamic and kinetic parameters supported that the nature of such adsorption was mainly physical. Results obtained from all employed techniques were consistent with each other and revealed that the %IE of the CR inhibitor was slightly higher than that of CA under similar circumstances. Finally, the mechanisms of both corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid solutions and its inhibition by the tested organic dyes were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fawzy
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
- . Tel.: +966 590994316
| | - Arafat Toghan
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley
University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad
Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
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Kaghazchi L, Naderi R, Ramezanzadeh B. Synergistic mild steel corrosion mitigation in sodium chloride-containing solution utilizing various mixtures of phytic acid molecules and Zn2+ ions. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Fawzy A, Farghaly TA, Bahir AAA, Hameed AM, Alharbi A, El-Ossaily YA. Investigation of three synthesized propane bis-oxoindoline derivatives as inhibitors for the corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid solutions. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Adsorption and inhibition effect of tetraaza-tetradentate macrocycle ligand and its Ni (II), Cu (II) complexes on the corrosion of Cu10Ni alloy in 3.5% NaCl solutions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Experimental and theoretical investigation on the effect of N-substituent position on the inhibition performance of l-lysine derivatives for carbon steel in H2SO4 solution. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-020-04292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Goyal M, Vashist H, Kumar S, Bahadur I, Benhiba F, Zarrouk A. Acid corrosion inhibition of ferrous and non-ferrous metal by nature friendly Ethoxycarbonylmethyltriphenylphosphonium Bromide (ECMTPB): Experimental and MD simulation evaluation. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Corrosion inhibition of aluminum in 1.0M HCl solution by some nonionic surfactant compounds containing five membered heterocyclic moiety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cdc.2020.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Qi J, Fan H, Liu G. β-Amino-hydroxamate surfactants: Preparation, and adsorption mechanism in bastnaesite flotation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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33
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Fawzy A, Farghaly TA, El-Ghamry HA, Bawazeer TM. Investigation of the inhibition efficiencies of novel synthesized cobalt complexes of 1,3,4-thiadiazolethiosemicarbazone derivatives for the acidic corrosion of carbon steel. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Dardagan Fruit extract as eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M HCl: Electrochemical and surface morphological studies. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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35
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Abbas MA, Zakaria K, El-Shamy AM, Abedin SZE. Utilization of 1-butylpyrrolidinium Chloride Ionic Liquid as an Eco-friendly Corrosion Inhibitor and Biocide for Oilfield Equipment: Combined Weight Loss, Electrochemical and SEM Studies. Z PHYS CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2019-1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With the help of the weight loss, and electrochemical techniques the suppressing action of the commercially available ionic liquid, 1-butylpyrrolidinium chloride [BPm1,1] Cl for carbon steel corrosion in 3.5% NaCl medium was scrutinized. It found that this compound acts as an excellent inhibitor with protection performance raised by an increase of its concentration and temperature. The adsorption behavior of the investigated ionic liquid was a mixed-type inhibitor subordinating Langmuir adsorption isotherm. To expounding adsorption and corrosion inhibition mechanisms, various thermodynamics and activation parameters such as adsorption constant (Kads), Gibb’s standard free energy (
Δ
G
∗
$\Delta{{\text{G}}^{\ast}}$
), activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (
Δ
H
∗
$\Delta{{\text{H}}^{\ast}}$
), and activation entropy (
Δ
S
∗
$\Delta{{\text{S}}^{\ast}}$
) were determined and debated. It has appeared that there is a strong interaction between the inhibitor molecules and the carbon steel surface in a predominantly chemisorptions manner. The presence of a protective inhibitor film on the metal surface was confirmed using a corroborative SEM tool. Moreover, the IL has screened for antibacterial activity against planktonic and sessile microorganisms. The obtained results emphasized that the utilized ionic liquid can be regarded as an efficacious biocide for both bacterial strains with a dissimilar efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abbas
- Petroleum Applications Department , Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute , Nasr City, P.B. 11727 , Cairo , Egypt , Tel.: +20 2 22745902, Fax: +20 2 22747433
| | - Khaled Zakaria
- Analysis and Evaluation Department , Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute , Nasr City, P.B. 11727 , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ashraf M. El-Shamy
- Physical Chemistry Department, Electrochemistry and Corrosion laboratory , National Research Centre , El-Bohouth St. 33, Dokki, P.O. 12622 , Giza , Egypt
| | - Sherif Zein El Abedin
- Physical Chemistry Department, Electrochemistry and Corrosion laboratory , National Research Centre , El-Bohouth St. 33, Dokki, P.O. 12622 , Giza , Egypt
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Olawale O, Bello J, Ogunsemi B, Uchella U, Oluyori A, Oladejo N. Optimization of chicken nail extracts as corrosion inhibitor on mild steel in 2M H 2SO 4. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02821. [PMID: 31844736 PMCID: PMC6895698 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibiting effects of Chicken Nails Extract (CNE) on Mild Steel corrosion in 2M H2SO4 were investigated in this study. The effect of the concentration of inhibitor (0.5-1.5 g/l), time (5-8 h) and temperature (40-70oc) on Inhibition efficiency were investigated using Response Surface Methodology. The Physiochemical analysis and proximate analysis of the CNE were investigated; the result showed that organic constituents were present which made the Chicken nails extract a good inhibitor. The rate of corrosion increases as time and temperature increase while the Inhibition efficiency was discovered to increase as the inhibitor concentration increases. The optimum conditions obtained were temperature 63.63 °C, time 5 h and inhibitor concentration of 0.1 g/l. The optimum Inhibition Efficiency at these optimum conditions was predicted to be 74.04%. The micrographs result of Scanning Electron Micrographs analysis showed that in the presence of the inhibitor, there was a passive layer of a film formed on the surface. This study revealed that Chicken Nails Extract is a potentially good green inhibitor for Mild steel corrosion in 2M H2SO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Olawale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - J.O. Bello
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - B.T. Ogunsemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - U.C. Uchella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - A.P. Oluyori
- Industrial Chemistry Programme, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - N.K. Oladejo
- Mathematics Programme, College of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
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Ma J, Liu N, Huang M, Wang L, Han J, Qian H, Che F. Synthesis, physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of cardanol-derived quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) with heterocyclic polar head. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Bawazeer TM, El-Ghamry HA, Farghaly TA, Fawzy A. Novel 1,3,4-Thiadiazolethiosemicarbazones Derivatives and Their Divalent Cobalt-Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Their Efficiencies for Acidic Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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39
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Evaluation of the Catalytic Activities of Some Synthesized Divalent and Trivalent Metal Complexes and Their Inhibition Efficiencies for the Corrosion of Mild Steel in Sulfuric Acid Medium. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Dehghani A, Bahlakeh G, Ramezanzadeh B, Ramezanzadeh M. A combined experimental and theoretical study of green corrosion inhibition of mild steel in HCl solution by aqueous Citrullus lanatus fruit (CLF) extract. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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41
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Marzorati S, Verotta L, Trasatti SP. Green Corrosion Inhibitors from Natural Sources and Biomass Wastes. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010048. [PMID: 30583586 PMCID: PMC6337343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, green chemistry has been emphasizing the importance of protecting the environment and human health in an economically beneficial manner aiming at avoiding toxins and reducing wastes. The field of metallic materials degradation, generally faced by using toxic compounds, found a fertile research field in green chemistry. In fact, the use of inhibitors is a well-known strategy when metal corrosion needs to be prevented, controlled, or retarded. Green inhibitors are biodegradable, ecologically acceptable and renewable. Their valorization expands possible applications in industrial fields other than ‘waste to energy’ in the perspective of circular economy. Although lot of experimental work has been done and many research papers have been published, the topic of green inhibitors is still an open issue. The great interest in the field expanded the research, resulting in high numbers of tested molecules. However, the most frequently adopted approaches are conventional and, hence, not suitable to fully characterize the potential efficacy of inhibitors. All the mentioned aspects are the object of the present review and are meant as a constructive criticism to highlight the weak points of the green inhibitors field as to re-evaluate the literature and address the future research in the field that still lacks rationalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Marzorati
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Luisella Verotta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Stefano P Trasatti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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