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Oehlsen O, Cervantes-Ramírez SI, Cervantes-Avilés P, Medina-Velo IA. Approaches on Ferrofluid Synthesis and Applications: Current Status and Future Perspectives. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3134-3150. [PMID: 35128226 PMCID: PMC8811916 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ferrofluids are colloidal suspensions of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) within aqueous or nonaqueous liquids that exhibit strong magnetic properties. These magnetic properties allow ferrofluids to be manipulated and controlled when exposed to magnetic fields. This review aims to provide the current scope and research opportunities regarding the methods of synthesis of nanoparticles, surfactants, and carrier liquids for ferrofluid production, along with the rheology and applications of ferrofluids within the fields of medicine, water treatment, and mechanical engineering. A ferrofluid is composed of IONPs, a surfactant that coats the magnetic IONPs to prevent agglomeration, and a carrier liquid that suspends the IONPs. Coprecipitation and thermal decomposition are the main methods used for the synthesis of IONPs. Despite the fact that thermal decomposition provides precise control on the nanoparticle size, coprecipitation is the most used method, even when the oxidation of iron can occur. This oxidation alters the ratio of maghemite/magnetite, influencing the magnetic properties of ferrofluids. Strategies to overcome iron oxidation have been proposed, such as the use of an inert atmosphere, adjusting the Fe(II) and Fe(III) ratio to 1:2, and the exploration of other metals with the oxidation state +2. Surfactants and carrier liquids are chosen according to the ferrofluid application to ensure stability. Hence, a compatible carrier liquid (polar or nonpolar) is selected, and then, a surfactant, mainly a polymer, is embedded in the IONPs, providing a steric barrier. Due to the variety of surfactants and carrier liquids, the rheological properties of ferrofluids are an important response variable evaluated when synthesizing ferrofluids. There are many reported applications of ferrofluids, including biosensing, medical imaging, medicinal therapy, magnetic nanoemulsions, and magnetic impedance. Other applications include water treatment, energy harvesting and transfer, and vibration control. To progress from synthesis to applications, research is still ongoing to ensure control of the ferrofluids' properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Oehlsen
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Western New Mexico
University, 1000 W College Avenue, Silver City, New Mexico 88062, United States
| | - Sussy I. Cervantes-Ramírez
- Escuela
de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Puebla, Pue 72453, Mexico
| | - Pabel Cervantes-Avilés
- Escuela
de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Puebla, Pue 72453, Mexico
- . Phone: +52 202-303-2000
| | - Illya A. Medina-Velo
- Department
of Natural Sciences, Western New Mexico
University, 1000 W College Avenue, Silver City, New Mexico 88062, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Mathematics, and Physics, Houston Baptist University, 7502 Fondren Road, Houston, Texas 77074, United States
- . Phone: +1 281-649-3459
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Development of a Magnetic Fluid Heating FEM Simulation Model with Coupled Steady State Magnetic and Transient Thermal Calculation. MATHEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/math9202561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic fluid hyperthermia has gained much attention in recent years due to its potential in cancer treatment. Magnetic fluid is a colloidal liquid made of nanoscale magnetic particles suspended in a carrier fluid. The properties of a commercial magnetic fluid consisting of maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) particles suspended in mineral oil were used in the scope of our research. The paper deals with a novel approach to the development of a magnetic fluid FEM model of a laboratory setup, with consideration of the electromagnetic steady state and thermal transient calculation soft coupling. Also, adjustment of the mathematical model was added in such a way that it enables a link between the magnetic and thermal calculations in commercial software. The effective anisotropy’s influence on the calculations is considered. The simulation was done for different magnetic field parameters. The initial temperature was also varied so that a direct comparison could be made between the simulation and the measurements. A good indicator of the accuracy of the simulation are the SAR values. The relative differences in SAR values were in the range from 4.2–24.9%. Such a model can be used for assessing the heating performance of a magnetic fluid with selected parameters. It can also be used to search for the optimal parameters required to design an optimal magnetic fluid.
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Almanghadim HG, Nourollahzadeh Z, Khademi NS, Tezerjani MD, Sehrig FZ, Estelami N, Shirvaliloo M, Sheervalilou R, Sargazi S. Application of nanoparticles in cancer therapy with an emphasis on cell cycle. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1989-1998. [PMID: 34233087 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their unique characteristics, nanoparticles (NPs) could be incorporated into valuable therapeutic modalities for different diseases; however, there are many concerns about risk factors in human applications. NPs carry therapeutic chemicals that could improve the outcome of cancer therapies. Nowadays, NPs are being recognized as important and strategic agents in treatment of several disorders due to their unique properties in targeting malignant cells in tumor sites. Numerous investigations have shown that the majority of chemotherapeutic agents can be modified through entrapment in submicron colloidal systems. Still, there are problems and limitations in application of NPs in cancer therapy. The aim of the present study is to focus on potential NPs usage in cancer treatment with an emphasis on the cell cycle of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Nourollahzadeh
- Department of Biological Science, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Nazanin Sadat Khademi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Dehghan Tezerjani
- Abortion Research Centre, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Neda Estelami
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Sheervalilou
- Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Qiao H, Zhang H, Khan A, Li B, Ge L, Liu Y, Bian W, Liu Z, Xie J. Synthesis of cationic carbon dots and their effects on human serum proteins and in vitro blood coagulation. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1671-1683. [PMID: 34164901 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cationic carbon dots (CCDs) are a promising alternative to gene-delivery systems, and good biosafety levels are crucial for their in vivo use. In this study, spherical and monodispersed CCDs with an average surface potential of +28.7 mV were prepared using sucrose and glutamate (denoted SG-CCDs) using a one-pot autoclave-assisted method. Molecular interactions between the SG-CCDs and four major human serum proteins (albumin, immunoglobulin G, fibrinogen, and transferrin) were investigated. The results were further verified on human serum, and the effect of the SG-CCDs on in vitro blood coagulation was examined. The results showed that the fluorescence of human serum was clearly quenched by the SG-CCDs through a dynamic collision mechanism. Moreover, SG-CCDs at a concentration of 20 μM exhibited minor effects on the secondary structure of human serum. The activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin time as well as the fibrinogen concentration were not changed, indicating that the SG-CCDs did not interfere with the coagulation process. This study provided an understandable background on the behaviour of CCDs in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huichao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ajab Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Analytical Instrumentation Centre, State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yequn Liu
- Analytical Instrumentation Centre, State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Ferrofluids-based microextraction systems to process organic and inorganic targets: The state-of-the-art advances and applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fekry M, Mazrouaa AM, Mohamed MG, Kishta MS, Mansour NA. The Comparison between Magnetite Nanoparticles Co-Precipitated by Different Bases and Their Effects on Human Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x21500216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized through co-precipitation method by using a strong base such as sodium hydroxide or a weak base such as ammonium hydroxide. The magnetite co-precipitated by ammonium hydroxide (MA) has different properties than the magnetite co-precipitated by sodium hydroxide (MS). The cytotoxicity effects of MA and MS on the breast cancer cells and normal hepatocytes cells were studied. The magnetite nanoparticles with two ways were characterized by using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer. X-ray fluorescence, Dynamic Light Scattering, Zeta Potential, pH changes, Wide-angle X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transforms Infrared spectroscopy, MTT assay test and High-Resolution Transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the final pH of MA and MS were 5 and 7.5, respectively. MA nanoparticles have salts which act as weak oxidizing agent and they were exposed to oxidation at high temperature and lost their magnetic property. They have a cytotoxic effect against breast cancer cells and normal hepatocytes cells more than the MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fekry
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Petrochemical Department, Polymer Lab, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Azza M. Mazrouaa
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Petrochemical Department, Polymer Lab, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Manal G. Mohamed
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Petrochemical Department, Polymer Lab, Nasr City, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Kishta
- National Research Center, Medical Research Division, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - N. A. Mansour
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Petrochemical Department, Polymer Lab, Nasr City, Egypt
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Elucidating the interaction of propofol as an intravenous anesthetic drug with blood components: IgG and peripheral blood mononuclear cell as targets. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2020.102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Size-controlled synthesis of superparamagnetic magnetite nanoclusters for heat generation in an alternating magnetic field. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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