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Mu L, Yang Y, Liu J, Du W, Chen J, Shi G, Fang H. Hydrated cation-π interactions of π-electrons with hydrated Li +, Na +, and K + cations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14662-14670. [PMID: 34213518 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01609a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cation-π interactions are essential for many chemical, biological, and material processes, and these processes usually involve an aqueous salt solution. However, there is still a lack of a full understanding of the hydrated cation-π interactions between the hydrated cations and the aromatic ring structures on the molecular level. Here, we report a molecular picture of hydrated cation-π interactions, by using the calculations of density functional theory (DFT). Specifically, the graphene sheet can distort the hydration shell of the hydrated K+ to interact with K+ directly, which is hereafter called water-cation-π interactions. In contrast, the hydration shell of the hydrated Li+ is quite stable and the graphene sheet interacts with Li+ indirectly, mediated by water molecules, which we hereafter call the cation-water-π interactions. The behavior of hydrated cations adsorbed on a graphene surface is mainly attributed to the competition between the cation-π interactions and hydration effects. These findings provide valuable details of the structures and the adsorption energy of hydrated cations adsorbed onto the graphene surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuhua Mu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yizhou Yang
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Du
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jige Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China and Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Guosheng Shi
- Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute and State Key Lab. Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Haiping Fang
- Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. and Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
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