1
|
Arif M, Rauf A, Akhter T. A review on Ag nanoparticles fabricated in microgels. RSC Adv 2024; 14:19381-19399. [PMID: 38887640 PMCID: PMC11182451 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02467b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the composites of multi-responsive microgels and silver nanoparticles. This innovative hybrid system harnesses the responsive qualities of microgels while capitalizing on the optical and electronic attributes of silver nanoparticles. This combined system demonstrates a rapid response to minor changes in pH, temperature, ionic strength of the medium, and the concentration of specific biological substances. This review article presents an overview of the recent advancements in the synthesis, classification, characterization methods, and properties of microgels loaded with silver nanoparticles. Furthermore, it explores the diverse applications of these responsive microgels containing silver nanoparticles in catalysis, the biomedical field, nanotechnology, and the mitigation of harmful environmental pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, University of Management and Technology Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Toheed Akhter
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University Seongnam-13120 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohammad Sharifi K, Poursattar Marjani A, Gozali Balkanloo P. Enhanced dye removal using montmorillonite modified with graphene quantum dots in sustainable salep nanocomposite hydrogel. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7011. [PMID: 38528090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This research investigated the utilization of graphene quantum dot/montmorillonite (GQD/MMT) as an effective nanofiller in a hydrogel composed of salep biopolymer. The semi-IPN hydrogel was synthesized using salep as the substrate, acrylamide (AAm) as the monomer, ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator in free radical polymerization, and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linking agent. The hydrogels were applied to remove safranin (SA), methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), methyl green (MG), congo red (CR), and malachite green (MG) dyes from the water. The diverse properties were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope, fourier infrared spectroscopy, mapping, energy dispersive spectroscopy, weighing analysis, X-ray diffraction, and thermal stability analyses. The optimism of the prepared adsorbent in dye absorption was evaluated by measuring the swelling amount, pH impact, adsorbent dosage, and contact time. The adsorption calculations were described using kinetics and isotherm models. The results indicated that the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 99.6) and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 99.9) provided the best fit for the absorption process of MB. The presence of additional amounts of GQD/MMT had a reciprocal effect on the adsorption efficiency due to the accumulation of GQD/MMT in the semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN (structure. The findings revealed that the samples exhibited high thermal stability, and the absorption process was primarily chemical. Furthermore, the nanocomposite hydrogels demonstrated distinct mechanisms for absorbing anionic dye (CR) and cationic dye (MB). Under optimal conditions, using 7 wt% GQD/MMT at a concentration of 5 ppm, pH = 7, an adsorbent dosage of 50 mg, at room temperature, and a contact time of 90 min, the maximum removal efficiencies were achieved: MB (96.2%), SA (98.2%), MG (86%), CV (99.8%), MG (95.8%), and CR (63.4%). These results highlight the adsorbent's high absorption capacity, rapid removal rate, and reusability, demonstrating its potential as an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution for removing dyes from water.
Collapse
|
3
|
Jabeen S, Alam S, Shah LA, Zahoor M, Naveed Umar M, Ullah R. Novel hydrogel poly (GG- co-acrylic acid) for the sorptive removal of the color Rhodamine-B from contaminated water. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19780. [PMID: 37809951 PMCID: PMC10559120 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Textile effluent's treatment is highly desired due to the presence of hazardous, water-soluble and non-biodegradable dyes that not only have harmful effect on the environment but on living beings as well. Treatment of these pollutants by sorption through biosorbents is considered to be a best method of choice due to greener nature of the processes. In this connection hydrogel sorbents might be an intriguing option due to its straightforward application, great efficacy, easy synthesis, rapid turnaround, and potential of recycling. Herein, novel hydrogel was prepared using Gellan Gum and acrylic acid (GG-co-AAc) which were then characterized by instrumental techniques like UV/visible and FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, EDX and XRD. The anionic hydrogel's adsorption capacity, swelling behavior, and sorption potential were determined using Rhodamine-B as potential environmental pollutant. The hydrogel exhibited an impressive adsorption capacity of 1250 mg/g. Swelling experiments were performed in Milli-Q distilled water at different pH levels, reaching maximum swelling of 3230% after 23 h as determined through Fickian diffusion. At pH 7, the anionic hydrogel's sorption potential was thoroughly studied in the subsequent experiments. The adsorption process was found to follow the Langmuir isotherm, indicating a monolayer adsorption mechanism supported by higher R2 values compared to the Freundlich isotherm. Thermodynamic analysis revealed the exothermic nature of the adsorption process, with a negative enthalpy value of -11371 KJmol-1 and negative entropy value of -26.39 Jmol-1K-1, suggesting a less ordered system. These findings provide valuable insights into the adsorption characteristics and potential applications of the synthesized anionic hydrogel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salma Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, KPK, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Alam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, KPK, 18800, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Ali Shah
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry (NCE), University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, KPK, 18800, Pakistan
| | | | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koo IK, Lim PT, Chen X, Goh K. How solute-membrane interaction influences foulant formation in polymeric catalytic membrane: competitive and sequential reactions. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
|
5
|
Magnetite graphene oxide-doped superadsorbent hydrogel for efficient removal of crystal violet from wastewater. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
6
|
Singh VK, Kumar K, Singh N, Tiwari R, Krishnamoorthi S. Swift catalytic reduction of hazardous pollutants by new generation microgels. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:535-544. [PMID: 34919101 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01559a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, we report for the first time a new generation microgel synthesis without using any divinyl functionalized cross-linker. A new generation less crosslinked microgel structure has been achieved by optimizing the amount of N-hydroxy methyl acrylamide (NHMA) and using a fixed amount of styrene (St), acrylic acid (AA) and N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) via a free radical emulsion solution polymerization technique. Poly(NHMA) works as a hydrophilic as well as a crosslinking agent. Furthermore, microgels have been upgraded into a composite by incorporation of Ag nanoparticles for catalytic reduction applications. Microgels and their composites have been characterized by EDAX, FT-IR, particle size analyzer, SEM, TEM, TGA, UV-vis spectroscopy and XRD. Methylene blue (MB) dye and p-nitrophenol (PNP) were chosen as model hazardous pollutants for catalytic reduction applications. Microgels efficiently adsorb both pollutants over the surface and microgel_Ag composites dramatically reduced both pollutants in the non-toxic form at room temperature by using smaller doses of NaBH4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinai Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur 273010, UP, India.
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur 273010, UP, India.
| | - Nishant Singh
- University Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur 812007, Bihar, India
| | - Rudramani Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - S Krishnamoorthi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khan A, Rizwan M, Shah LA, Shah N, Khan MS, Sultana S, Ismail M. Preparation of Chitosan Based Polymer Microgels, Their Composites with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, and Physicochemical Investigation. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421130100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
Sribala G, Meenarathi B, Parthasarathy V, Anbarasan R. Evaluation of physicochemical properties and catalytic activity of poly(PMDAH-co-ODA/PPDA) nanocomposites towards the removal of toxic pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129890. [PMID: 33736206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of Polyimides (PIs) between pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDAH) and oxydianiline (ODA) or p-phenylenediamine (PPDA) in the presence and absence of V2O5 and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were carried out under N2 atmosphere at 160 °C for 5 h with vigorous stirring in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) solvent. The prepared PI and its nanocomposites were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, FE-SEM, SEM, DSC and TGA like analytical instruments. The FE-SEM showed various surface morphologies for different PI nanocomposites. The particle size of the prepared nanoparticles was calculated as less than 60 nm for Ag and 15 nm for V2O5 nanoparticles by HR-TEM. The PI nanocomposites embedded with Ag nanoparticles (P2 and P5) showed a higher thermal stability than the pristine PIs (P1 and P4) and PI/V2O5 nanocomposites (P3 and P6). Further, the possible application of metal (Ag) and metal oxide (V2O5) NPs embedded PI nanocomposites was assessed on the catalytic reduction of highly toxic Cr(VI), Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye and p-nitrophenol (NiP) pollutants with the help of a reducing agent (NaBH4). The apparent rate constant (kapp) values were calculated to assess the catalytic efficiency of the prepared PI and its nanocomposites. The PI/Ag nanocomposite (P2) system showed an efficient catalytic reduction than the other systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Govindharajan Sribala
- Department of Polymer Technology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, 625 701, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Balakrishnan Meenarathi
- Department of Polymer Technology, Kamaraj College of Engineering and Technology, Madurai, 625 701, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Ramasamy Anbarasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Subhan H, Alam S, Shah LA, Ali MW, Farooq M. Sodium alginate grafted poly(N-vinyl formamide-co-acrylic acid)-bentonite clay hybrid hydrogel for sorptive removal of methylene green from wastewater. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
10
|
Khan A, Ullah M, Humayun M, Shah N, Chang BP, Yaseen M. Preparation and functionalization of zinc oxide nanoparticles with polymer microgels for potential catalytic applications. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2020.1839481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Humayun
- Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics of the Ministry of Education, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Boon Peng Chang
- Bioproducts Discovery & Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
In-situ stabilization of silver nanoparticles in polymer hydrogels for enhanced catalytic reduction of macro and micro pollutants. Z PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2020-1721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The in-situ stabilization of Ag nanoparticles is carried out by the use of reducing agent and synthesized three different types of hydrogen (anionic, cationic, and neutral) template. The morphology, constitution and thermal stability of the synthesized pure and Ag-entrapped hybrid hydrogels were efficiently confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The prepared hybrid hydrogels were used in the decolorization of methylene blue (MB) and azo dyes congo red (CR), methyl Orange (MO), and reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and nitrobenzene (NB) by an electron donor NaBH4. The kinetics of the reduction reaction was also assessed to determine the activation parameters. The hybrid hydrogen catalysts were recovered by filtration and used continuously up to six times with 98% conversion of pollutants without substantial loss in catalytic activity. It was observed that these types of hydrogel systems can be used for the conversion of pollutants from waste water into useful products.
Collapse
|
12
|
Khan M, Shah LA, Rehman T, Khan A, Iqbal A, Ullah M, Alam S. Synthesis of physically cross-linked gum Arabic-based polymer hydrogels with enhanced mechanical, load bearing and shape memory behavior. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
13
|
Bhol P, Mohanty PS. Smart microgel-metal hybrid particles of PNIPAM-co-PAA@AgAu: synthesis, characterizations and modulated catalytic activity. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 33:084002. [PMID: 33017813 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abbe79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Smart pH and thermoresponsive, poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide co acrylic acid) (PNIPAM-co-PAA) microgel particles are used as microreactors to prepare hybrids of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (PNIPAM-co-PAA@AgAu) using a facile two steps in situ approach. These hybrid particles are characterized using the transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-VIS spectrometer, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). TEM directly confirms the successful loading of metal nanoparticles onto microgels and the hybrid particles have a narrow size distribution. UV-VIS spectroscopy at different concentration ratios of silver/gold chloride strongly reveals the presence of plasmon peaks of both silver and gold between 10% to 25% of gold chloride concentration. DLS studies demonstrate that these hybrid microgels exhibit both pH and thermoresponsive properties comparatively with a lesser swelling than the pure microgels without loaded nanoparticles. Further, the catalytic activities of PNIPAM-co-PAA@AgAu hybrids are studied through a reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP)-to-4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of sodium borohydride at different pH. Interestingly, these hybrid particles exhibit modulating catalytic activity with variation in pH. The reduction kinetics decreases with increasing pH and the corresponding apparent rate constant exhibits two linear regimes with one at pH below pKa and another at pH above pKa of acrylic acid. This pH-modulated catalytic behavior of PNIPAM-co-PAA@AgAu hybrids is discussed based on pH-induced swelling/deswelling transition, the core-shell nature of microgel particles, and its intrinsic interplay with the diffusion of nitrophenols within the microgel network. Finally, our results are compared and discussed in the context of previously studied catalytic activities in different polymer-metal hybrids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Bhol
- School of Chemical Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, India
- School of Applied Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, India
| | - Priti S Mohanty
- School of Chemical Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar-751024, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Irfan M, Khan M, Rehman TU, Ali I, Shah LA, Khattak NS, Khan MS. Synthesis and Rheological Survey of Xanthan Gum Based Terpolymeric Hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2019-1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Graft copolymerization technique was used to synthesize novel biopolymer based terpolymeric hydrogels of xanthan gum (Gx), acrylic acid and N-Isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) by using chemical crosslinker N,N′-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA), ammonium persulphate (APS) as a redox initiator and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) for particle size stabilization. The synthesized hydrogels were characterized through FT-IR and SEM techniques, which confirmed the hydrogels formation. Detailed rheology was investigated through applying various rheological models like Bingham model, modified Bingham model and Ostwald power law model to the hydrogels which revealed that the hydrogels were appeared to have shear thinning, non-Newtonian behavior and more elastic. Modified Bingham model provided best fit understanding to our prepared materials. The maximum activation energy (Ea) 13.87 kJ/mol was obtained for composition having more Gx compared to others, showing a strong relationship with viscosity. The hydrogels has potential to find applications in food industry, cosmetics, degradation of dyes and removal of heavy metals from waste water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Irfan
- Polymer laboratory, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , KPK, 25120 , Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Polymer laboratory, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , KPK, 25120 , Pakistan
| | - Tanzil ur Rehman
- Polymer laboratory, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , KPK, 25120 , Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Polymer laboratory, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , KPK, 25120 , Pakistan
| | - Luqman Ali Shah
- Polymer laboratory, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , KPK, 25120 , Pakistan , Phone: +92-91-9216766, Fax: 92-91-9216671, E-mail:
| | - Noor Saeed Khattak
- Polymer laboratory, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , KPK, 25120 , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salim Khan
- Polymer laboratory, National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar , KPK, 25120 , Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rehman TU, Shah LA, Khan M, Irfan M, Khattak NS. Zwitterionic superabsorbent polymer hydrogels for efficient and selective removal of organic dyes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18565-18577. [PMID: 35515230 PMCID: PMC9064771 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02488c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel zwitterionic superabsorbent polymer hydrogel [ZI-SAH] was synthesized by free radical polymerization and used for the removal of crystal violet (CV) and congo red (CR) from an aqueous medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanzil Ur Rehman
- Polymer Laboratory
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry
- University of Peshawar
- Peshawar
- Pakistan
| | - Luqman Ali Shah
- Polymer Laboratory
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry
- University of Peshawar
- Peshawar
- Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Polymer Laboratory
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry
- University of Peshawar
- Peshawar
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Polymer Laboratory
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry
- University of Peshawar
- Peshawar
- Pakistan
| | - Noor Saeed Khattak
- Polymer Laboratory
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry
- University of Peshawar
- Peshawar
- Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rehman TU, Bibi S, Khan M, Ali I, Shah LA, Khan A, Ateeq M. Fabrication of stable superabsorbent hydrogels for successful removal of crystal violet from waste water. RSC Adv 2019; 9:40051-40061. [PMID: 35541426 PMCID: PMC9076192 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart superabsorbent hydrogels consisting of acrylamide/sodium alginate (AS), acrylamide/sodium alginate/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid (ASAx, x = amount of AMPS) were synthesized via free radical polymerization. The swelling behavior of the hydrogels was studied in distilled and tap water. It was found that by increasing the amount of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic (AMPS) in the hydrogel composition, the hydrogel swelling capability was enhanced from 3685% for AS to 4797% for ASA1 and 21 175% for ASA2 in distilled water, while in tap water this property varied from 915% for AS to 988% and 1588% for ASA1 and ASA2, respectively. All the samples were found to be efficient for the removal of crystal violet from aqueous solution. The absorption efficiency and % removal increased from 1.78 mg g−1 and 62.6% for AS to 3.31 mg g−1 and 75% for ASA1 and 3.34 mg g−1 and 82.1% for ASA2. The effects of pH, contact time, initial dye concentration and hydrogel dosage on the removal process were studied in detail. The mechanism of CV removal occurs according to the Freundlich isotherm following pseudo second order kinetics. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the sorption process is spontaneous and endothermic in nature. The superabsorbent hydrogels were regenerated and reused in six consecutive cycles with 5% decrease in efficiency. Smart superabsorbent hydrogels consisting of acrylamide/sodium alginate (AS), acrylamide/sodium alginate/2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid (ASAx, x = amount of AMPS) were synthesized via free radical polymerization.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanzil Ur Rehman
- Polymer Laboratory
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar
- Peshawar 25120
- Pakistan
| | - Samia Bibi
- Department of Chemistry
- Abdul Wali Khan University
- Mardan
- Pakistan
| | - Mansoor Khan
- Polymer Laboratory
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar
- Peshawar 25120
- Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ali
- Polymer Laboratory
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar
- Peshawar 25120
- Pakistan
| | - Luqman Ali Shah
- Polymer Laboratory
- National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry University of Peshawar
- Peshawar 25120
- Pakistan
| | - Abbas Khan
- Department of Chemistry
- Abdul Wali Khan University
- Mardan
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ateeq
- Department of Chemistry
- Abdul Wali Khan University
- Mardan
- Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|