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Esmaeili A, Hekmatmehr H, Atashrouz S, Madani SA, Pourmahdi M, Nedeljkovic D, Hemmati-Sarapardeh A, Mohaddespour A. Insights into modeling refractive index of ionic liquids using chemical structure-based machine learning methods. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11966. [PMID: 37488224 PMCID: PMC10366230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have drawn much attention due to their extensive applications and environment-friendly nature. Refractive index prediction is valuable for ILs quality control and property characterization. This paper aims to predict refractive indices of pure ILs and identify factors influencing refractive index changes. Six chemical structure-based machine learning models called eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Adaptive Boosting-Decision Tree (Ada-DT), and Adaptive Boosting-Support Vector Machine (Ada-SVM) were developed to achieve this goal. An enormous dataset containing 6098 data points of 483 different ILs was exploited to train the machine learning models. Each data point's chemical substructures, temperature, and wavelength were considered for the models' inputs. Including wavelength as input is unprecedented among predictions done by machine learning methods. The results show that the best model was CatBoost, followed by XGBoost, LightGBM, Ada-DT, CNN, and Ada-SVM. The R2 and average absolute percent relative error (AAPRE) of the best model were 0.9973 and 0.0545, respectively. Comparing this study's models with the literature shows two advantages regarding the dataset's abundance and prediction accuracy. This study also reveals that the presence of the -F substructure in an ionic liquid has the most influence on its refractive index among all inputs. It was also found that the refractive index of imidazolium-based ILs increases with increasing alkyl chain length. In conclusion, chemical structure-based machine learning methods provide promising insights into predicting the refractive index of ILs in terms of accuracy and comprehensiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Esmaeili
- Renewable Energies Engineering Department, Faculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesamedin Hekmatmehr
- Renewable Energies Engineering Department, Faculty of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Atashrouz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Madani
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Maryam Pourmahdi
- Department of Polymer Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Dragutin Nedeljkovic
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, 54200, Kuwait
| | - Abdolhossein Hemmati-Sarapardeh
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Hydrocarbon Accumulation and Efficient Development, Ministry of Education, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, China.
| | - Ahmad Mohaddespour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada.
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Kumar Bambam A, Dhanola A, Kumar Gajrani K. A critical review on halogen-free ionic liquids as potential metalworking fluid additives. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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Thermal Conductivity of Ionic Liquids: Recent Challenges Facing Theory and Experiment. J SOLUTION CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-022-01205-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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C2 methylation effect on the cohesive interaction of trifluoromethanesulfonate alkylimidazolium ionic liquidC2 methylation effect on the cohesive interaction of trifluoromethanesulfonate alkylimidazolium ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Musiał M, Cheng S, Wojnarowska Z, Paluch M. Density, viscosity, and high-pressure conductivity studies of tricyanomethanide-based ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Musiał M, Cheng S, Wojnarowska Z, Yao B, Jurkiewicz K, Paluch M. Thorough studies of tricyanomethanide-based ionic liquids - the influence of alkyl chain length of the cation. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9479-9487. [PMID: 32955538 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01433h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The glassy, supercooled, and normal liquid states of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide series [CnC1im][TCM] (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, and 16) were investigated by dielectric and mechanical (rheological) experiments supplemented by X-ray diffraction. The conductivity relaxation was found to be accompanied by a pronounced secondary relaxation. However, based on ambient and high-pressure results as well as the coupling model, we assumed that the latter one can not be classified as Johari-Goldstein relaxation. Moreover, the studies on the nanoscale organization of ionic liquids indicated that 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ILs begin to form nanoscale aggregates when the alkyl chain of the cation has six carbon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Musiał
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Shinian Cheng
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Zaneta Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Beibei Yao
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Karolina Jurkiewicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland.
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