Conductance studies on complex formation of nano Cu(NO3)2.2.5H2O with 4,6-diacetylresorcinol in mixed solvents

Association thermodynamic parameters for nano Cu(NO3)2·2.5H2O with ligands at different temperatures

Association thermodynamic parameters are important because they give information about the nature of ion-ion interaction in solution, the dielectric constant of the medium and the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the solvent molecules. The different association thermodynamic parameters for nano copper(ii) nitrate hemi pentahydrate in the presence of 4,6-diacetylresorcinol and 4,6-bis(1-hydrazonoethyl)benzene-1,3-diol as ligands were calculated. Conductance measurements were used in different concentrations of binary mixed solvents (DMF and water) at different temperatures, 293.15, 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K. A comparison between association thermodynamic parameter data such as association constants (K _A), degree of dissociation (α), free energies of association (ΔG _A), enthalpies of association (ΔH _A) and entropies of association (ΔS _A) in the case of using the two ligands was done. Different calculated thermodynamic parameters indicate that the association is more favorable with 4,6-diacetylresorcinol as a ligand than 4,6-bis(1-hydrazonoethyl)benzene-1,3-diol due to the large size of 6-bis(1-hydrazonoethyl)benzene-1,3-diol.

Functionalization of Congo red dye as a light harvester on solar cell

The demands of ecofriendly technologies to produce a reliable supply of renewable energy on a large scale remains a challenge. A solar cell based on DSSC (Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell) technology is environmentally friendly and holds the promise of a high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. This manuscript describes the development of a light harvester system as a main part of a DSSC. Congo red dye has been functionalized with metals (Fe, Co, Ni), forming a series of complexes that serve as a novel light harvester on the solar cell. Metal-congo red complexes have been characterized by UV-VIS and FTIR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The performance of metal complexes in capturing photons from sunlight has been investigated in a solar cell device. The incorporation of metals to congo red successfully improved of the congo red efficiency as follows: Fe(II)-congo red, Co(II)-congo red and Ni(II)-congo red had efficiencies of 8.17%, 6.13% and 2.65%, respectively. This research also discusses the effect of metal ions on the ability of congo red to capture energy from sunlight.