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Kalar PL, Jain K, Agrawal S, Khan S, Vishwakarma R, Shivhare A, Deshmukh MM, Das K. Green Synthesis of Electrophilic Alkenes Using a Magnesium Catalyst under Aqueous Conditions and Mechanistic Insights by Density Functional Theory. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38038383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
A green approach for the synthesis of electrophilic alkenes has been developed via Knoevenagel condensation between active methylene compounds and carbonyl compounds using Mg powder under aqueous conditions. In this strategy, Mg(OH)2 acts as a catalyst, which was generated in situ by the reaction between metallic Mg (20 mol %) and water. Mg was found to be an efficient, nontoxic, and inexpensive metal catalyst system for producing a range of electrophilic alkenes in excellent yields (≤98%). A gram-scale synthesis of electrophilic alkenes has been developed, and Mg metal was recovered and recycled up to three times without an appreciable loss of catalytic activity. A catalytic cycle was proposed, and the reaction mechanism was investigated using density functional theory. The key steps are enolization of ethyl cyanoacetate, C-C bond formation, and then regeneration of the catalyst via metathesis with H2O. The overall reaction occurs easily with a maximum ΔG°⧧ value of 7.9 kcal/mol for the rate-determining C-C bond formation step. Our protocol has several advantages and can be further extended to one-pot sequential Knoevenagel condensation and Michael addition, and one-pot sequential Knoevenagel condensation and chemoselective reduction can be used for the synthesis of valuable precursors of pharmaceutical products under green and aqueous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Lal Kalar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kavita Jain
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Swatantra Agrawal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Siddique Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rampal Vishwakarma
- School of Chemical Science, National Institute of Science Education and Research, OCC of HBNI, Bhubaneswar 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Ayush Shivhare
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Milind M Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kalpataru Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences and Technology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar 470 003, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Mukusheva G, Zhasymbekova A, Nurmaganbetov Z. Synthesis and structure of new modified derivatives based on the quinine molecule and their biological activity. POLISH JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/pjct-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The relevance of the subject matter is conditioned by the constantly growing need to meet human needs in the field of medicine, in particular, the search, study, and further introduction of new types of medicines into practical use. The purpose of this study is to investigate the synthesis of modified quinine alkaloid derivatives, and their structure, to identify the properties and biological activity of antimalarial drugs based on quinine molecules, and to structure the general data of these substances. The leading approach is the analysis of the synthesis of quinine derivatives, their chemical and physical properties, and their ability to exert a medicinal effect. The abstracting method allows structuring alkaloid derivatives and establishing a general relationship between the structural configuration of molecules and their impact on human health in a number of related derivatives. The study identifies the main antimalarial drugs based on quinine molecules, including a comparative analysis of their effectiveness and overall biological activity.
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Ranganath K, Gupta P, Kumar N. Asymmetric Suzuki Cross Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Surfactants Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pranshu Gupta
- Banaras Hindu University Department of Chemistry Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science 221005 Varanasi INDIA
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Banaras Hindu University Department of Chemistry Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science 221005 Varanasi INDIA
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Jia X, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhao S. Tertiary amine ionic liquid incorporated Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles as a versatile catalyst for the Knoevenagel reaction. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2053992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- School Chemistry and Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Changzhi University, Changzhi, China
| | - Sanhu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, China
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McNeice P, Marr PC, Marr AC. Basic ionic liquids for catalysis: the road to greater stability. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy02274h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous and heterogenized basic ionic liquids as reaction catalysts have been highlighted, particularly where they are used to promote reactions that could form the basis of more sustainable energy and chemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter McNeice
- Queen's University Ionic Liquids Laboratories and
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast
- UK
| | - Patricia C. Marr
- Queen's University Ionic Liquids Laboratories and
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast
- UK
| | - Andrew C. Marr
- Queen's University Ionic Liquids Laboratories and
- The School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University Belfast
- Belfast
- UK
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Rzemieniecki T, Kleiber T, Pernak J. Naturally based ionic liquids with indole-3-acetate anions and cations derived from cinchona alkaloids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27530-27540. [PMID: 35480698 PMCID: PMC9037897 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04805h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of highly efficient methods and natural raw materials in syntheses of new biologically active substances addresses the current challenges in this area: ensuring the highest possible efficacy at low concentrations and reducing negative environmental impact. In the present study, we applied this strategy to obtain a new group of ionic liquids containing the indole-3-acetate anion, which is a well-known plant growth hormone, and a cation derived from a cinchona alkaloid – quinine or quinidine. A comparison of the derivatization kinetics of both alkaloids was also carried out, and the use of a quaternary quinidine derivative as a source of biologically active ionic liquids is described here for the first time. The structures of the obtained compounds were fully confirmed based on spectral methods. According to analyses of the effects of the obtained compounds on the growth and development of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.), the ionic liquids obtained with indole-3-acetate anions exhibited activity at a concentration of 0.5 mg dm−3, and the length of the alkyl substituent in the alkaloid-derived cation or the chirality of this cation is crucial in determining the biological activity of the compound. In the cases of several salts containing the 1-alkylquininium cation, we recorded significant, beneficial changes in micronutrient content, which directly translated into plant nutritional value, while no signs of phytotoxicity were observed. Analyses of relevant physicochemical properties (e.g., with differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and solubility analysis) as well as microbial toxicity tests were also performed to evaluate the environmental impacts of the products. The promising results of our study indicate significant potential for application of these new ionic liquids derived from cinchona alkaloids. The transformation of a plant hormone into an alkaloid-based ionic liquid results in unique changes in physicochemical and biological properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Rzemieniecki
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kleiber
- Department of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Zgorzelecka 4, Poznan 60-198, Poland
| | - Juliusz Pernak
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60-965, Poland
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Turley AT, Danos A, Prlj A, Monkman AP, Curchod BFE, McGonigal PR, Etherington MK. Modulation of charge transfer by N-alkylation to control photoluminescence energy and quantum yield. Chem Sci 2020; 11:6990-6995. [PMID: 34122995 PMCID: PMC8159361 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02460k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Charge transfer in organic fluorophores is a fundamental photophysical process that can be either beneficial, e.g., facilitating thermally activated delayed fluorescence, or detrimental, e.g., mediating emission quenching. N-Alkylation is shown to provide straightforward synthetic control of the charge transfer, emission energy and quantum yield of amine chromophores. We demonstrate this concept using quinine as a model. N-Alkylation causes changes in its emission that mirror those caused by changes in pH (i.e., protonation). Unlike protonation, however, alkylation of quinine's two N sites is performed in a stepwise manner to give kinetically stable species. This kinetic stability allows us to isolate and characterize an N-alkylated analogue of an ‘unnatural’ protonation state that is quaternized selectively at the less basic site, which is inaccessible using acid. These materials expose (i) the through-space charge-transfer excited state of quinine and (ii) the associated loss pathway, while (iii) developing a simple salt that outperforms quinine sulfate as a quantum yield standard. This N-alkylation approach can be applied broadly in the discovery of emissive materials by tuning charge-transfer states. A versatile N-alkylation strategy controls the presence of charge-transfer excited states and the emission colour of N-heterocyclic chromophores.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Turley
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Andrew Danos
- Department of Physics, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Antonio Prlj
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Andrew P Monkman
- Department of Physics, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | | | - Paul R McGonigal
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Marc K Etherington
- Department of Physics, Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK .,Department of Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering, Northumbria University Ellison Place NE1 8ST UK
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