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Das S, Roy P, Sardar PS, Ghosh S. Addressing the interaction of stem bromelain with different anionic surfactants, below, at and above the critical micelle concentration (cmc) in phosphate buffer at pH 7: Physicochemical, spectroscopic, & molecular docking study. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132368. [PMID: 38761912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The structural stability and therapeutic activity of Stem Bromelain (BM) have been explored by unravelling the interaction of stem BM in presence of two different types of anionic surfactants namely, bile salts, NaC and NaDC and the conventional anionic surfactants, SDDS and SDBS, below, at and above the critical micelle concentration (cmc) in aqueous phosphate buffer of pH 7. Different physicochemical parameters like, surface excess (Γcmc), minimum area of surfactants at air water interface (Amin) etc. are calculated from tensiometry both in absence and presence of BM. Several inflection points (C1, C2 and C3) have been found in tensiometry profile of surfactants in presence of BM due to the conformational change of BM assisted by surfactants. Similar observation also found in isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) profiles where the enthalpy of micellization (ΔH0obs) of surfactants in absence and presence of BM have calculated. Further, steady state absorption and fluorescence spectra monitoring the tryptophan (Trp) emission of free BM and in presence of all the surfactants at three different temperatures (288.15 K, 298.15 K, and 308.15 K) reveal the nature of fluorescence quenching of BM in presence of bile salts/surfactants. Time resolved fluorescence studies at room temperature also support to determine the several quenching parameters. The binding constant (Kb) of BM with all the surfactants and free energy of binding (∆G0 of bile salts/surfactants with BM at different temperatures have been calculated exploiting steady state fluorescence technique. It is observed that, the binding of NaC with BM is greater as compared to other surfactants while Stern-Volmer quenching constant (KSV) is found greater in presence of SDBS as compared with others which supports the surface tension and ITC data with the fact that surface activity of surfactant(s) is decreasing with the binding of the surfactants at the core or binding pocket of BM. Circular Dichroism (CD) study shows the stability of secondary structure of BM in presence of NaC and NaDC below C3, while BM lost its structural stability even at very low surfactant concentration of SDDS and SDBS which also supports the more involvement of bile salts in binding rather than surfactants. The molecular docking studies have also been substantiated for better understanding the several experimental investigations interaction of BM with the bile salts/surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Das
- Centre for Surface Science, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India; Department of Chemistry, The Bhawanipur Education Society College, Kolkata 700020, India
| | - Pritam Roy
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology (Rega Institute), University: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Pinki Saha Sardar
- Department of Chemistry, The Bhawanipur Education Society College, Kolkata 700020, India.
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- Centre for Surface Science, Physical Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
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Roman BH, Charęza M, Janus E, Drozd R. Evaluation of new L-amino acids triethanolammonium salts usability for controlling protease activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123218. [PMID: 36634803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Twenty new triethanolammonium amino acid salts (TEA AA) have been prepared from triethanolammonium hydroxide and L-amino acids. The physicochemical properties of TEA AA depended on the applied amino acid. Five of the synthesised salts, i.e. mono- and bis-salts of L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, and TEA salt of l-glutamine were solids with melting points between 127.32 °C to 171.51 °C. The other TEA AA exhibited glass transition temperatures from -68.45 °C for TEA Ser to -6.27 °C for TEA Trp and were assigned as amino acid ionic liquids (AAILs). The TEA His was characterised by the highest thermal stability, with an average temperature of 5 % weight loss at 186.4 °C, whereas the lowest stability was determined for TEA Asp (107.5 °C). The developed salts were tested as reaction medium additives for proteolytic enzymes (papain, subtilisin, bromelain). Most AAILs showed an inhibitory effect on tested proteases but with different mechanisms related to the enzyme substrate specificity and structural diversity. The TEA Ser was the most effective competitive inhibitor (Ki = 0.24 10-4 mol/L) for bromelain, while TEA Val uncompetitive inhibitor for papain (Ki = 0.25 10-4 mol/L). The developed TEA AA salts exhibit potential as enzyme-controlling agents for use in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hanna Roman
- West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Organic Chemical Technology and Polymeric Materials, Pułaski Ave.10, PL, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Charęza
- West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Piastów Ave. 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Janus
- West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Organic Chemical Technology and Polymeric Materials, Pułaski Ave.10, PL, 70-322 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Radosław Drozd
- West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Husbandry, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Piastów Ave. 45, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland.
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Garg M, Sharma D, Kumar R. Analysis of the effect of 1-Allyl-3-Methylimidazolium chloride on thermodynamic stability, folding kinetics, and motional dynamics of horse cytochrome c. Biophys Chem 2022; 290:106892. [PMID: 36115294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AMIMCl) acts as a potential green solvent for proteins. The present work provides a possible pathway by which the structural, kinetic, thermodynamic, and folding properties of horse cytochrome c (cyt c) are affected in green aqueous-AMIMCl systems. Analysis of the effect of AMIMCl on thermodynamic stability, refolding/unfolding kinetics, and motional dynamics of cyt c provided important information, (i) AMIMCl decreases the thermodynamic stability of reduced cyt c and also strengthens the guanidinium chloride (GdmCl)-mediated decrease in thermodynamic stability of protein, (ii) AMIMCl reduces the thermal-fluctuation of Met80-containing omega-loop of natively-folded compact state of carbonmonoxycytochrome c (MCO-state) due to polyfunctional interactions between the AMIM+ and different groups of protein, (iii) AMIMCl shifts the kinetic chevron plot, ln kobs[GdmCl] to the lower concentration of GdmCl, (iv) AMIMCl shifts the refolding and unfolding limps to vertically downwards and upwards, respectively, and (v) AMIMCl reducing the unfolding free energy estimated by both thermodynamic and kinetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Garg
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, India.
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Madadi Mahani N, Mostaghni F, Shafiekhani H. Cuspareine as alkaloid against COVID-19 designed with ionic liquids: DFT and docking molecular approaches. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 231:112447. [PMID: 35483276 PMCID: PMC9020645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cuspareine as an antiviral alkaloid can be used in the treatment of COVID-19. In this study, we introduced the ionic liquids (ILs) concluded cuspareinium as a cation with CH3COO-, CF3COO-, and PF6 as anions. The optimized geometry, thermodynamic parameters, and reactivity descriptors were calculated with density functional theory (DFT) approach and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) using B3LYP/6-311G. In addition, the UV and IR spectra of the introduced ILs were investigated. Based on DFT calculation, the designed IL CH3COO- can be to the most suitable anions due to most solubility in the water. DFT studies displayed that all the introduced ILs have more polarity than pristine cuspareine and CH3COO--cuspareine is the most polarity due to high dipole moment. Also, the thermo- chemical data of the designed ionic liquids revealed that PF6-cuspareine is distinguished to be stable. A molecular docking study of the designed ILs with 6 LU7 protease was performed to display interactions and binding energy. Results of molecular docking displayed that CH3COO- ion liquid has the highest binding energy (- 7.20 kcal/mol) and Ala7, and Lys 5 residues are involved in an interaction. DFT and molecular docking studies of cuspareine as alkaloid based on ionic liquids can be helpful to for more pharmaceutical and biological researches of cuspareine as an antiviral agent against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Mostaghni
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Shafiekhani
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran
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Peng L, Wang Z, Zhu H, Zeng T, Zhou W, Yao S, Song H. Synthesis, physico-chemical properties of novel tropine-amino acid based ionic liquids and their effects on the lipase activity. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Das N, Khan T, Subba N, Sen P. Correlating Bromelain's activity with its structure and active-site dynamics and the medium's physical properties in a hydrated deep eutectic solvent. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9337-9346. [PMID: 33885064 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00046b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are emerging as new media of choice for biocatalysis due to their environmentally friendly nature, fine-tunability, and potential biocompatibility. This work deciphers the behaviour of bromelain in a ternary DES composed of acetamide, urea, and sorbitol at mole fractions of 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2, respectively (0.5Ac/0.3Ur/0.2Sor), with various degrees of hydration. Bromelain is an essential industrial proteolytic enzyme, and the chosen DES is non-ionic and liquid at room temperature. This provides us with a unique opportunity to contemplate protein behaviour in a non-ionic DES for the very first time. Our results infer that at a low DES concentration (up to 30% V/V DES), bromelain adopts a more compact structural conformation, whereas at higher DES concentrations, it becomes somewhat elongated. The microsecond conformational fluctuation time around the active site of bromelain gradually increases with increasing DES concentration, especially beyond 30% V/V. Interestingly, bromelain retains most of its enzymatic activity in the DES, and at some concentrations, the activity is even higher compared with its native state. Furthermore, we correlate the activity of bromelain with its structure, its active-site dynamics, and the physical properties of the medium. Our results demonstrate that the compact structural conformation and flexibility of the active site of bromelain favour its proteolytic activity. Similarly, a medium with increased polarity and decreased viscosity is favourable for its activity. The presented physical insights into how enzymatic activity depends on the protein structure and dynamics and the physical properties of the medium might provide useful guidelines for the rational design of DESs as biocatalytic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilimesh Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur - 208 016, UP, India.
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Ionic liquids for regulating biocatalytic process: Achievements and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107702. [PMID: 33515671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has found enormous applications in sorts of fields as an alternative to chemical catalysis. In the pursue of green and sustainable chemistry, ionic liquids (ILs) have been considered as promising reaction media for biocatalysis, owing to their unique characteristics, such as nonvolatility, inflammability and tunable properties as regards polarity and water miscibility behavior, compared to organic solvents. In recent years, great developments have been achieved in respects to biocatalysis in ILs, especially for preparing various chemicals. This review tends to give illustrative examples with a focus on representative chemicals production by biocatalyst in ILs and elucidate the possible mechanism in such systems. It also discusses how to regulate the catalytic efficiency from several aspects and finally provides an outlook on the opportunities to broaden biocatalysis in ILs.
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Effect of imidazolium based ionic liquids on CO-association dynamics and thermodynamic stability of Ferrocytochrome c. Biophys Chem 2020; 268:106497. [PMID: 33212391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters measured for CO-association reaction of Ferrocytochrome c (Ferrocyt c) under variable concentrations of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium with varying anion ([Bmim]X) (X = Cl-, I-, Br-, HSO4-) at pH 7 revealed that the low concentration of [Bmim]X (≤0.5 M) constrains the CO-association dynamics of Ferrocyt c and typically follows the order: [Bmim]HSO4 > [Bmim]Cl > [Bmim]Br > [Bmim]I. At relatively higher concentrations (>0.5), the chaotropic action of [Bmim]+ dominates which consequently increases the thermal-fluctuations responsible to denature the protein and thus accelerates the speed of CO-association reaction. Analysis of thermal denaturation curves of Ferrocyt c measured at different concentrations of [Bmim]X revealed that the [Bmim]X decreases the thermodynamic stability of protein and typically follows the order: [Bmim]I > [Bmim]Br > [Bmim]Cl > [Bmim]CH3COO > [Bmim]HSO4, demonstrating that the effect of [Bmim]X on thermodynamic stability of protein is not in accordance to Hofmeister series effect of anions because instead of increasing the kosmotropic anion carrying [Bmim]X ([Bmim]CH3COO and [Bmim]HSO4) also decreases the thermodynamic stability of protein.
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Khatun S, Sindhu A, Venkatesu P. Can stem bromelain, a pineapple waste product, be used as a drug alternative? A mechanistic insight into protein–protein interactions. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Binding of stem bromelain to bovine serum albumin induced conformational changes, as shown by various biophysical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samima Khatun
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Delhi
- Delhi
- India
- Department of Chemistry
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