A comparative theoretical study on the interaction of pure and carbon atom substituted boron nitride fullerenes with ifosfamide drug

Assessment of the potential and application of Be12O12 nanocage for removal of ciprofloxacin from water employing density functional theory

The modern world is facing the issue of emerging pollutants for its sustainable development. We report a detailed study on the abatement of ciprofloxacin (CIP) by Be12O12 nanocage. Five different geometries of Be12O12 nanocage with CIP i.e., Com-A, Com-B, Com-C, Com-D and Com-E are optimized. All the complexes show chemisorption with the highest adsorption energies (Eads) of - 39.86 kcal/mol for Com-E followed by Com-A, Com-B, Com-C and Com-D without any structural change. The O and F atoms of ciprofloxacin (CIP) interacts strongly with the Be atoms of the nanocage respectively. Charge transfer from the nanocage to CIP reveals strong interaction in all the optimized complexes, with maximum charge transfer of -0.199 e for Com-E with the smallest bond lengths of 1.52 Å and 1.63 Å. The decrease in the bandgap of the optimized geometries witnesses increase in the sensing ability of the adsorbent and demonstrates strong interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate supporting the adsorption energies. The positive values of Hb and ∇2ρb for all complexes reveals strong interaction of electrostatic nature between CIP and Be12O12 nature which is supported by different tools of DFT. The overall study suggests Be12O12 an efficient, reusable adsorbent for the purification of water from CIP and therefore Be12O12 can be used effectively to eliminate antibiotics from water.

Exploring the adsorption ability with sensitivity and reactivity of C12-B6N6, C12-Al6N6, and B6N6-Al6N6 heteronanocages towards the cisplatin drug: a DFT, AIM, and COSMO analysis

The DFT study on the adsorption behaviour of the C24, B12N12, and Al12N12 nanocages and their heteronanocages towards the anticancer drug cisplatin (CP) was performed in gas and water media. Among the three pristine nanocages, Al12N12 exhibited high adsorption energy ranging from -1.98 to -1.63 eV in the gas phase and -1.47 to -1.39 eV in water media. However, their heterostructures C12-Al6N6 and B6N6-Al6N6 showed higher interaction energies (-2.22 eV and -2.14 eV for C12-Al6N6 and B6N6-Al6N6) with a significant amount of charge transfer. Noteworthy variations in electronic properties were confirmed by FMO analysis and DOS spectra analysis after the adsorption of the cisplatin drug on B12N12 and B6N6-Al6N6 nanocages. Furthermore, an analysis of quantum molecular descriptors unveiled salient decrement in global hardness and increments in electrophilicity index and global softness occurred after the adsorption of CP on B12N12 and B6N6-Al6N6. On the other hand, the above-mentioned fluctuations are not so noteworthy in the case of the adsorption of CP on Al12N12, C12-B6N6, and C12-Al6N6. Concededly, energy calculation, FMO analysis, ESP map, DOS spectra, quantum molecular descriptors, dipole moment, COSMO surface analysis, QTAIM analysis, and work function analysis predict that B12N12 and B6N6-Al6N6 nanocages exhibit high sensitivity towards CP drug molecules.

Investigation of the adsorption properties of gemcitabine anticancer drug with metal-doped boron nitride fullerenes as a drug-delivery carrier: a DFT study

Anticancer-drug delivery is now becoming a challenging approach for researchers as it allows controlled drug delivery near cancerous cells with minimized generic collection and the avoidance of secondary side effects. Hence in this work, the applications of nanostructures as anticancer drug-delivery carriers were widely investigated to target cancerous tissues. Based on DFT calculations, we investigated the transition metal-doped boron nitride nanostructure as a drug-delivery agent for the gemcitabine drug utilizing the B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level of theory. In this research, the adsorption energy and electronic parameters of gemcitabine on the interaction with the metal-doped BN nanostructures were studied. It has been observed that metal doping significantly enhances the drug-delivery properties of BN nanostructures. Among the investigated nanostructures, Ni–BN has been found to be the most prominent nanostructure to transport gemcitabine with an elevated value of adsorption energy in both the gas phase (−45.79) and water media (−32.46). The interaction between gemcitabine and BN nanostructures was confirmed through frontier molecular orbitals and stabilization energy analysis. The fractional charge transfer, MEP, NCI, and NBO analyses exposed the charge transfer from drug molecule to the BN nanostructures. Transition density maps and UV-VIS spectra were also plotted to investigate the excited-state properties of the designed complexes. Thus, the present study provides an in-depth interaction mechanism of the gemcitabine drug with BN, which reveals that metal-doped BN nanostructures can be a favorable drug-delivery vehicle for the gemcitabine anticancer drug.

Anticancer-drug delivery is now becoming a challenging approach for researchers as it allows controlled drug delivery near cancerous cells with minimized generic collection and the avoidance of secondary side effects.

A theoretical study of allopurinol drug sensing by carbon and boron nitride nanostructures: DFT, QTAIM, RDG, NBO and PCM insights

The application of low-dimensional nanomaterials in clinical practice as efficient sensors has been increasing day by day due to progress in the field of nanoscience. In this research work, we have conducted a theoretical investigation to nominate a potential electrochemical sensor for the allopurinol (APN) drug molecule via studying the fundamental interactions of the drug molecule with two nanocages (carbon nanocage/CNC - C24 and boron nitride nanocage/BNNC - B12N12) and two nanosheets (graphene - C54H18 and boron nitride - B27N27H18) by means of the DFT B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory in both gas and water phases. The adsorption energies of APN-BNNC conjugated structures are in the range of -20.90 kcal mol-1 to -22.33 kcal mol-1, which indicates that weak chemisorption has occurred. This type of interaction happened due to charge transfer from the APN molecule to BNNC, which was validated and characterized based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules, natural bond analysis, and reduced density gradient analysis. The highest decreases in energy gap (36.22% in gas and 26.79% in water) and maximum dipole moment (10.48 Debye in gas and 13.88 Debye in water) were perceived for the APN-BNNC conjugated structure, which was also verified via frontier molecular orbital (FMO) and MEP analysis. Also, the highest sensitivity (BNNC > BNNS > CNC > GNS) and favorable short recovery time (in the millisecond range) of BNNC can make it an efficient detector for the APN drug molecule.

Boron nitride-based materials for water purification: Progress and outlook

Analogous to the carbon family, boron nitride (BN)-based materials have gained considerable attention in recent times for applications in various fields. Owing to their extraordinary characteristics, i.e., high surface area, low density, superior thermal stability, mechanical strength, and conductivity, excellent corrosion, and oxidation resistance, the BN nanomaterials have been explored in water remediation. This article critically evaluates the latest development in applications of BN-based materials in water purification with focus on adsorption, synthesis of novel membranes and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. The adsorption of various noxious pollutants, i.e., dyes, organic compounds, antibiotics, and heavy metals from aqueous medium BN-based materials are described in detail by illustrating the adsorption mechanism and regeneration potential. The major hurdles and opportunities related to the synthesis and water purification applications of BN-based materials are underscored. Finally, a roadmap is suggested for future research to assure the effective applications of BN-based materials in water purification. This review is beneficial in understanding the current status of these unique materials in water purification and accelerating the research focusing their future water remediation applications.

The recent advancement of low-dimensional nanostructured materials for drug delivery and drug sensing application: A brief review

In this review article, we have presented a detailed analysis of the recent advancement of quantum mechanical calculations in the applications of the low-dimensional nanomaterials (LDNs) into biomedical fields like biosensors and drug delivery systems development. Biosensors play an essential role for many communities, e.g. law enforcing agencies to sense illicit drugs, medical communities to remove overdosed medications from the human and animal body etc. Besides, drug delivery systems are theoretically being proposed for many years and experimentally found to deliver the drug to the targeted sites by reducing the harmful side effects significantly. In current COVID-19 pandemic, biosensors can play significant roles, e.g. to remove experimental drugs during the human trials if they show any unwanted adverse effect etc. where the drug delivery systems can be potentially applied to reduce the side effects. But before proceeding to these noble and expensive translational research works, advanced theoretical calculations can provide the possible outcomes with considerable accuracy. Hence in this review article, we have analyzed how theoretical calculations can be used to investigate LDNs as potential biosensor devices or drug delivery systems. We have also made a very brief discussion on the properties of biosensors or drug delivery systems which should be investigated for the biomedical applications and how to calculate them theoretically. Finally, we have made a detailed analysis of a large number of recently published research works where theoretical calculations were used to propose different LDNs for bio-sensing and drug delivery applications.