Phase change process of nanoparticle enhanced PCM in a heat storage including unsteady conduction

Heat storage material: a hope in solar thermal

Solar energy is a vast renewable energy source, but uncertainty in the demand and supply of energy due to various geographical regions raises a question mark. Therefore, the present manuscript includes a review to overcome this uncertainty by utilizing various thermal energy storage systems. Phase change material is the most preferred thermal energy storage system because of its high-energy storage density. The low thermal conductivity is the critical problem in phase change material that can be overcome by integrating metallic foam, carbon fiber, and metallic fins in the phase change material container. The inclusion of metallic foam limited to 0.1-3% of the Phase change material (PCM) weight leads to a slight change in thermal conductivity but a high cost. It was also seen that the addition of carbon 0.1 to 9% of the PCM weight could improve the performance of PCM. The inclusion of a metallic fin improves the thermal conductivity with the various shapes and sizes of the fin. It is found that metallic foam composites have better performance than carbon composite and metallic fin inclusion.

Effect of dual-rotation on MHD natural convection of NEPCM in a hexagonal-shaped cavity based on time-fractional ISPH method

The time-fractional derivative based on the Grunwald-Letnikove derivative of the 2D-ISPH method is applying to emulate the dual rotation on MHD natural convection in a hexagonal-shaped cavity suspended by nano-encapsulated phase change material (NEPCM). The dual rotation is performed between the inner fin and outer hexagonal-shaped cavity. The impacts of a fractional time derivative [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], Hartmann number Ha [Formula: see text], fin length [Formula: see text], Darcy parameter Da [Formula: see text], Rayleigh number Ra [Formula: see text], fusion temperature [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], and solid volume fraction [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] on the velocity field, isotherms, and mean Nusselt number [Formula: see text] are discussed. The outcomes signaled that a dual rotation of the inner fin and outer domain is affected by a time-fractional derivative. The inserted cool fin is functioning efficiently in the cooling process and adjusting the phase change zone within a hexagonal-shaped cavity. An increment in fin length augments the cooling process and changes the location of a phase change zone. A fusion temperature [Formula: see text] adjusts the strength and position of a phase change zone. The highest values of [Formula: see text] are obtained when [Formula: see text]. An expansion in Hartmann number [Formula: see text] reduces the values of [Formula: see text]. Adding more concentration of nanoparticles is improving the values of [Formula: see text].