1
|
Schindl A, Hagen ML, Cooley I, Jäger CM, Warden AC, Zelzer M, Allers T, Croft AK. Ion-combination specific effects driving the enzymatic activity of halophilic alcohol dehydrogenase 2 from Haloferax volcanii in aqueous ionic liquid solvent mixtures. RSC SUSTAINABILITY 2024; 2:2559-2580. [PMID: 39211508 PMCID: PMC11353702 DOI: 10.1039/d3su00412k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalysis in ionic liquids enables novel routes for bioprocessing. Enzymes derived from extremophiles promise greater stability and activity under ionic liquid (IL) influence. Here, we probe the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 2 from the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii in thirteen different ion combinations for relative activity and analyse the results against molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the same IL systems. We probe the ionic liquid property space based on ion polarizability and molecular electrostatic potential. Using the radial distribution functions, survival probabilities and spatial distribution functions of ions, we show that cooperative ion-ion interactions determine ion-protein interactions, and specifically, strong ion-ion interactions equate to higher enzymatic activity if neither of the ions interact strongly with the protein surface. We further demonstrate a tendency for cations interacting with the protein surface to be least detrimental to enzymatic activity if they show a low polarizability when combined with small hydrophilic anions. We also find that the IL ion influence is not mitigated by the surplus of negatively charged residues of the halophilic enzyme. This is shown by free energy landscape analysis in root mean square deviation and distance variation plots of active site gating residues (Trp43 and His273) demonstrating no protection of specific structural elements relevant to preserving enzymatic activity. On the other hand, we observe a general effect across all IL systems that a tight binding of water at acidic residues is preferentially interrupted at these residues through the increased presence of potassium ions. Overall, this study demonstrates a co-ion interaction dependent influence on allosteric surface residues controlling the active/inactive conformation of halophilic alcohol dehydrogenase 2 and the necessity to engineer ionic liquid systems for enzymes that rely on the integrity of functional surface residues regardless of their halophilicity or thermophilicity for use in bioprocessing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schindl
- Sustainable Process Technologies Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - M Lawrence Hagen
- Sustainable Process Technologies Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Isabel Cooley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University LE11 3TU UK
| | - Christof M Jäger
- Sustainable Process Technologies Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg Pepparedsleden 1 SE-431 83 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Andrew C Warden
- CSIRO Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Research and Innovation Park Acton Canberra ACT 2600 Australia
- Advanced Engineering Biology Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Research and Innovation Park Acton Canberra ACT 2600 Australia
| | - Mischa Zelzer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Thorsten Allers
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
| | - Anna K Croft
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University LE11 3TU UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ben Hmad I, Gargouri A. Halophilic filamentous fungi and their enzymes: Potential biotechnological applications. J Biotechnol 2024; 381:11-18. [PMID: 38159888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Recently, interest in the study of microorganisms growing under extreme conditions, particularly halophiles, has increased due to their potential use in industrial processes. Halophiles are the class of microorganisms that grow optimally at high NaCl concentrations and are capable of producing halophilic enzymes capable of catalyzing reactions under harsh conditions. So far, fungi are the least studied halophilic microorganisms, even though they have been shown to counteract these extreme conditions by producing secondary metabolites with very interesting properties. This review highlights mechanisms that allow halophilic fungi to adapt high salinity and the specificity of their enzymes to a spectrum of action in industrial and environmental applications. The peculiarities of these enzymes justify the urgent need to apply green alternative compounds in industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Ben Hmad
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P "1177", Sfax 3018, Tunisia.
| | - Ali Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, B.P "1177", Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao J, Wilkins MR, Wang D. A review on strategies to reduce ionic liquid pretreatment costs for biofuel production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 364:128045. [PMID: 36182017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide demand for renewable energy has promoted the considerable exploration of biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. Ionic liquid pretreatment is of great interest to render biomass amenable for biofuel production, however, its unaffordable cost stimulates significant attention to the feasibility of commercialization. This review aims to compile the latest advances with respect to reducing production costs for ionic liquids-based biorefineries. Protic ionic liquids offer relatively low synthesis costs, but excessive antisolvent washing of the pretreated biomass is often inevitable. Recovering ionic liquids requires several separation and purification steps, and the reuse of ionic liquids could significantly lose functionality due to the degradation. It is promising to screen ionic liquids-tolerant enzymes and strains for one-pot saccharification and fermentation without solid-liquid separation, however, there is still a need for subsequent recovery of ionic liquids. Additionally, technoeconomic analysis and life cycle assessment are highly recommended to evaluate the economic and environmental impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Mark R Wilkins
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vaid S, Sharma S, Dutt HC, Mahajan R, Bajaj BK. An eco-friendly novel approach for bioconversion of Saccharum spontaneum biomass to biofuel-ethanol under consolidated bioprocess. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127784. [PMID: 35970499 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quest for renewable/eco-friendly energy sources has received immense focus in recent years. Current study involved consolidated bioprocessing of Saccharum spontaneum biomass (SSB) for biofuel-ethanol generation in a 'one pot consolidated bioprocess' (OPCB). SSB was pretreated with protic ionic liquid, triethylamine-bisulfate ([TEA][HSO4]), saccharified in-situ with cellulase/xylanase enzymes, and the released sugars were fermented to ethanol. Pretreatment and saccharification processes were optimized under OPCB to achieve 2.70-fold increased sugar yield i.e. from 196.56 to 531.00 mg/g biomass. Fermentation of sugars yielded ethanol at 209.6 mg/g biomass at a bioconversion efficiency of 72.56 %. The pretreated SSB was comprehensively examined by/for XRD, NMR, SEM, FT-IR, and properties such as water retention capacity, surface area and cellulase adsorption ability to elucidate functional mechanisms of [TEA][HSO4] pretreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Vaid
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | - Surbhi Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | | | - Ritu Mahajan
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang H, Huang Y, Li K, Zhu P, Wang Y, Li X, Meng Q, Niu Q, Wang S, Li Q. Lignocellulosic depolymerization induced by ionic liquids regulating composting habitats based on metagenomics analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76298-76309. [PMID: 35668255 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of ionic liquids with sawdust and fresh dairy manure was studied in composting. The degradation of organic matter (OM), dissolved organic matter (DOM), and lignocellulose was analyzed. The DOM decreased by 14.25 mg/g and 11.11 mg/g in experimental group (ILs) and control group (CK), respectively. OM decreased by 7.32% (CK) and 8.91% (ILs), respectively. The degradation rates of hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose in ILs (56.62%, 42.01%, and 23.97%) were higher than in CK (38.39%, 39.82%, and 16.04%). Microbial community and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were analyzed based on metagenomics. Metagenomic analysis results showed that ionic liquids enriched Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in composting. Compared with CK, the total abundance values of GH11, GH6, AA6, and AA3_2 in ILs increased by 13.98%, 10.12%, 11.21%, and 13.68%, respectively. Ionic liquids can improve the lignocellulosic degradation by regulating the environmental physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, C/N) to promote the growth of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) abundance. Therefore, ionic liquids are a promising additive in lignocellulosic waste composting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yite Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yiwu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xiaolan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qingran Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qiuqi Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Susu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Qunliang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Grewal J, Khare SK, Drewniak L, Pranaw K. Recent perspectives on microbial and ionic liquid interactions with implications for biorefineries. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
7
|
Maleki M, Ariaeenejad S, Salekdeh GH. Efficient saccharification of ionic liquid-pretreated rice straw in a one-pot system using novel metagenomics derived cellulases. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126536. [PMID: 34915114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs)-resistant cellulase enzymes can facilitate the saccharification of IL- pretreated biomass in a one-pot wash-free method. Using a bioinformatics approach, two cellulases, Persicel7 and Persicel8, with convincing evidence for ionic liquid tolerance were identified. Subsequently, these enzymes were heterologously expressed and biochemically characterized. Persicel7 and Persicel8 exhibited endo-β-1, 4-glucanase activity and were resistant to inhibitors and several organic solvents. Their activity in 10% (v/v) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride were 130% higher compared with IL-free control. The half-life of cellulases was improved up to 11-fold when incubated with 20% (v/v) solution of ion liquids. In addition, a one-pot IL-pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of rice straw enhanced the saccharification rate by 33% compared to the untreated reaction. The Persicel7 and Persicel8 unique properties make them attractive candidates for industrial applications, particularly hydrolyzing ion liquid activated biomass in a one-pot system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Maleki
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Shohreh Ariaeenejad
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Department of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran; Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ionic liquids for regulating biocatalytic process: Achievements and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107702. [PMID: 33515671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis has found enormous applications in sorts of fields as an alternative to chemical catalysis. In the pursue of green and sustainable chemistry, ionic liquids (ILs) have been considered as promising reaction media for biocatalysis, owing to their unique characteristics, such as nonvolatility, inflammability and tunable properties as regards polarity and water miscibility behavior, compared to organic solvents. In recent years, great developments have been achieved in respects to biocatalysis in ILs, especially for preparing various chemicals. This review tends to give illustrative examples with a focus on representative chemicals production by biocatalyst in ILs and elucidate the possible mechanism in such systems. It also discusses how to regulate the catalytic efficiency from several aspects and finally provides an outlook on the opportunities to broaden biocatalysis in ILs.
Collapse
|