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Wang M, Li J, Zhang C, Liu G, Napolitano S, Wang D. Physical Aging of Polystyrene Confined in Anodic Aluminum Oxide Nanopores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:3471-3480. [PMID: 36802636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the glassy dynamics of polystyrene (PS) confined in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanopores by differential scanning calorimetry. Based on the outcome of our experiments, we show that the cooling rate applied to process the 2D confined PS melt has a significant impact on both the glass transition and the structural relaxation in the glassy state. A single glass transition temperature (Tg) is observed in quenched samples, while slow-cooled PS chains show two Tgs corresponding to a core-shell structure. The former phenomenon resembles what is observed in freestanding structures, while the latter is imputed to the adsorption of PS onto AAO walls. A more complex picture was drawn for physical aging. In the case of quenched samples, we observed a non-monotonic trend of the apparent aging rate that in 400 nm pores, reaches a value almost twice as larger than what is measured in bulk and decreases upon further confinement in smaller nanopores. For slow-cooled samples, by adequately varying the aging conditions, we were able to control the equilibration kinetics and either separate the two aging processes or induce an intermediate aging regime. We propose a possible explanation of these findings in terms of distribution in free volume and the presence of different aging mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunbo Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guoming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Dujin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, CAS, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Beena Unni A, Winkler R, Duarte DM, Chat K, Adrjanowicz K. Influence of Surface Roughness on the Dynamics and Crystallization of Vapor-Deposited Thin Films. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:8072-8079. [PMID: 36170644 PMCID: PMC9574919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
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The substrate roughness
is a very important parameter that can
influence the properties of supported thin films. In this work, we
investigate the effect of surface roughness on the properties of a
vapor-deposited glass (celecoxib, CXB) both in its bulk and in confined
states. Using dielectric spectroscopy, we provide experimental evidence
depicting a profound influence of surface roughness on the α-relaxation
dynamics and the isothermal crystallization of this vapor-deposited
glass. Besides, we have verified the influence of film confinement
on varying values of surface roughnesses as well. At a fixed surface
roughness value, the confinement could alter both the dynamics and
crystallization of vapor-deposited CXB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Beena Unni
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Roksana Winkler
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Daniel Marques Duarte
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chat
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Karolina Adrjanowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland.,Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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3
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Zhu L, Yang GL, Ding WJ, Cao YQ, Li WM, Li AD. Growth behavior of Ir metal formed by atomic layer deposition in the nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9664-9672. [PMID: 35704906 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01358d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conformal coating or surface modification in high aspect ratio nanostructures is a tough challenge using traditional physical/chemical vapor deposition, especially for metal deposition. In this work, the growth behavior of iridium (Ir) metal formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates was explored deeply. It is found that the surface hydrophilicity is crucial for the nucleation of ALD Ir. An in situ ALD Al2O3 layer with an ultra-hydrophilic surface can greatly promote the nucleation of ALD Ir in AAO nanopores. The effect of the Ir precursor pulse time, diameter, and length of AAO nanopores on the infiltration depth of ALD Ir was investigated systematically. The results show that the infiltration depth of ALD Ir in AAO nanopores is in proportion to the pore diameter and the square root of the Ir precursor pulse time, which follows a diffusion-limited model. Furthermore, the Ir precursor pulse time to obtain conformal Ir coating throughout all the AAO channels is in proportion to the square of the aspect ratio of AAO templates. In addition, the conformal Ir deposition in AAO nanopores is also related to the Ir precursor purge time and the O2 partial pressure. Insufficient Ir purge time could cause a CVD-like reaction, leading to the reduction of the infiltration depth in AAO. Higher O2 partial pressure can facilitate Ir nucleation with more Ir precursor consumption at the entrance of nanopores, decreasing the infiltration depth in AAO nanopores, so appropriate O2 partial pressure should be chosen for ALD Ir in high aspect ratio materials. Above all, our research is valuable for surface modification or coating of metal by ALD in high aspect ratio nanostructures for 3D microelectronics, nano-fabrication, catalysis and energy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Materials Science and Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Geng-Lai Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Materials Science and Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Wen-Juan Ding
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Materials Science and Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Leadmicro Nano-Technology Co., Ltd, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qiang Cao
- Institute of Micro-nano Photonic & Beam Steering, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Materials Science and Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China. .,Jiangsu Leadmicro Nano-Technology Co., Ltd, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Materials Science and Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
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Winkler R, Chat K, Unni AB, Dulski M, Laskowska M, Laskowski L, Adrjanowicz K. Glass Transition Dynamics of Poly(phenylmethylsiloxane) Confined within Alumina Nanopores with Different Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Coatings. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roksana Winkler
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chat
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Aparna Beena Unni
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dulski
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Laskowska
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lukasz Laskowski
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Adrjanowicz
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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Winkler R, Beena Unni A, Tu W, Chat K, Adrjanowicz K. On the Segmental Dynamics and the Glass Transition Behavior of Poly(2-vinylpyridine) in One- and Two-Dimensional Nanometric Confinement. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5991-6003. [PMID: 34048244 PMCID: PMC8279553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Geometric nanoconfinement, in one and two dimensions, has a fundamental influence on the segmental dynamics of polymer glass-formers and can be markedly different from that observed in the bulk state. In this work, with the use of dielectric spectroscopy, we have investigated the glass transition behavior of poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) confined within alumina nanopores and prepared as a thin film supported on a silicon substrate. P2VP is known to exhibit strong, attractive interactions with confining surfaces due to the ability to form hydrogen bonds. Obtained results show no changes in the temperature evolution of the α-relaxation time in nanopores down to 20 nm size and 24 nm thin film. There is also no evidence of an out-of-equilibrium behavior observed for other glass-forming systems confined at the nanoscale. Nevertheless, in both cases, the confinement effect is seen as a substantial broadening of the α-relaxation time distribution. We discussed the results in terms of the importance of the interfacial energy between the polymer and various substrates, the sensitivity of the glass-transition temperature to density fluctuations, and the density scaling concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roksana Winkler
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian
Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Aparna Beena Unni
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian
Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Wenkang Tu
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian
Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chat
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian
Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Karolina Adrjanowicz
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Silesian
Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research (SMCEBI), 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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6
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Huang X, Mutlu H, Théato P. The toolbox of porous anodic aluminum oxide–based nanocomposites: from preparation to application. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAnodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates have been intensively investigated during the past decades and have meanwhile been widely applied through both sacrificial and non-sacrificial pathways. In numerous non-sacrificial applications, the AAO membrane is maintained as part of the obtained composite materials; hence, the template structure and topography determine to a great extent the potential applications. Through-hole isotropic AAO features nanochannels that promote transfer of matter, while anisotropic AAO with barrier layer exhibits nanocavities suitable as independent and homogenous containers. By combining the two kinds of AAO membranes with diverse organic and inorganic materials through physical interactions or chemical bonds, AAO composites are designed and applied in versatile fields such as catalysis, drug release platform, separation membrane, optical appliances, sensors, cell culture, energy, and electronic devices. Therefore, within this review, a perspective on exhilarating prospect for complementary advancement on AAO composites both in preparation and application is provided.
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