Synthesis and properties of 5,6-dihydro-4H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-based nematic liquid crystals: A new access to mesogens with high birefringence and large dielectric anisotropy

Polar Alkoxy Group and Pyridyl Effects on the Mesomorphic Behavior of New Non-Symmetrical Schiff Base Liquid Crystals

A series of non-symmetrical Schiff base liquid crystals were prepared and investigated. Schiff bases of p-alkyloxy aniline derivatives and 4-phenyl pyridine-4′-carbaldehyde were synthesized. The terminal alkoxy groups substituting aniline are of varied chain length, namely C6, C8, and C16. The structures of the compounds were confirmed via 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Different mesophases of the samples were thermally and optically characterized by differential thermal analysis (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). All samples revealed enantiotropic smectic B (SmB) and smectic A (SmA) mesophases. The results obtained were further correlated with the density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations. The results are compared to a series of compounds bearing biphenyl moiety in their mesogens. The thermal stabilities of the different mesophase reduced upon the increment of the alkoxy chain length. The temperature ranges of both the smectic mesophases of new compounds bearing the 4-phenyl pyridine moiety are generally expanded higher than the other series. In addition, the total mesophase range is greater in the new compounds when compared to their biphenyl analogues. The DFT results were investigated in terms of the molecular geometries and the frontier molecular orbitals as well as the charge distribution mapping to show and illustrate the difference in the mesomorphic properties.