1
|
Abranches DO, Coutinho JAP. Everything You Wanted to Know about Deep Eutectic Solvents but Were Afraid to Be Told. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2023; 14:141-163. [PMID: 36888992 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-085323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Are deep eutectic solvents (DESs) a promising alternative to conventional solvents? Perhaps, but their development is hindered by a plethora of misconceptions. These are carefully analyzed here, beginning with the very meaning of DESs, which has strayed far beyond its original scope of eutectic mixtures of Lewis or Brønsted acids and bases. Instead, a definition that is grounded on thermodynamic principles and distinguishes between eutectic and deep eutectic is encouraged, and the types of precursors that can be used to prepare DESs are reviewed. Landmark works surrounding the sustainability, stability, toxicity, and biodegradability of these solvents are also discussed, revealing piling evidence that numerous DESs reported thus far, particularly those that are choline based, lack sufficient sustainability-related traits to be considered green solvents. Finally, emerging DES applications are reviewed, emphasizing their most remarkable feature: the ability to liquefy a solid compound with a target property, allowing its use as a liquid solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinis O Abranches
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; ,
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal; ,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Makoś-Chełstowska P. VOCs absorption from gas streams using deep eutectic solvents - A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130957. [PMID: 36860043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the most severe atmospheric pollutants. They are mainly emitted into the atmosphere from anthropogenic sources such as automobile exhaust, incomplete fuel combustion, and various industrial processes. VOCs not only cause hazards to human health or the environment but also adversely affect industrial installation components due to their specific properties, i.e., corrosive and reactivity. Therefore, much attention is being paid to developing new methods for capturing VOCs from gaseous streams, i.e., air, process streams, waste streams, or gaseous fuels. Among the available technologies, absorption based on deep eutectic solvents (DES) is widely studied as a green alternative to other commercial processes. This literature review presents a critical summary of the achievements in capturing individual VOCs using DES. The types of used DES and their physicochemical properties affecting absorption efficiency, available methods for evaluating the effectiveness of new technologies, and the possibility of regeneration of DES are described. In addition, critical comments on the new gas purification methods and future perspectives are included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Makoś-Chełstowska
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; EcoTech Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Basu M, Hassan PA, Shelar SB. Modulation of surfactant self-assembly in deep eutectic solvents and its relevance to drug delivery-A review. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
4
|
Štejfa V, Fulem M, Růžička K. Thermodynamic study of selected aromatic monoterpenoids. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
|
5
|
Benito C, Alcalde R, Atilhan M, Aparicio S. High - Pressure properties of type V Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents: the case of menthol : thymol. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
6
|
Castaneda Corzo J, Ballerat-Busserolles K, Coxam JY, Gautier A, Andanson JM. Thermo-switchable hydrophobic solvents formulated with weak acid and base for greener separation processes. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
|
7
|
Experimental study on CO2 separation using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based supported liquid membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
8
|
Nejrotti S, Antenucci A, Pontremoli C, Gontrani L, Barbero N, Carbone M, Bonomo M. Critical Assessment of the Sustainability of Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Case Study on Six Choline Chloride-Based Mixtures. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47449-47461. [PMID: 36591154 PMCID: PMC9798394 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An outline of the advantages, in terms of sustainability, of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) is provided, by analyzing some of the most popular DESs, obtained by the combination of choline chloride, as a hydrogen bond acceptor, and six hydrogen bond donors. The analysis is articulated into four main issues related to sustainability, which are recurrently mentioned in the literature, but are often taken for granted without any further critical elaboration, as the prominent green features of DESs: their low toxicity, good biodegradability, renewable sourcing, and low cost. This contribution is intended to provide a more tangible, evidence-based evaluation of the actual green credentials of the considered DESs, to reinforce or question their supposed sustainability, also in mutual comparison with one another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Nejrotti
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Gioacchino Quarello 15/a, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Achille Antenucci
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Gioacchino Quarello 15/a, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Centro
Ricerche per la Chimica Fine s.r.l. for Silvateam s.p.a., Via Torre 7, San Michele Mondovì (CN) 12080, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pontremoli
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Gioacchino Quarello 15/a, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gontrani
- Department
of Chemical Science and Technologies, University
of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Nadia Barbero
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Gioacchino Quarello 15/a, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Institute
of Science, Technology and Sustainability
for the Development of Ceramic Materials (ISSMC-CNR), Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Marilena Carbone
- Department
of Chemical Science and Technologies, University
of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS Interdepartmental Centre and INSTM Reference Centre, University of Torino, Via Gioacchino Quarello 15/a, 10125 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun W, Liu Q, Zhao J, Muhammad Ali H, Said Z, Liu C. Experimental study on sodium acetate trihydrate/glycerol deep eutectic solvent nanofluids for thermal energy storage. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
10
|
Nonideality and cocrystal formation in l-menthol/xylenol eutectic systems. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
11
|
Bergua F, Castro M, Lafuente C, Artal M. Thymol+l-menthol eutectic mixtures: Thermophysical properties and possible applications as decontaminants. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
12
|
Diffusivities and Solubilities of Carbon Dioxide in Deep Eutectic Solvents. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Saha A, Yi R, Fahrenbach AC, Wang A, Jia TZ. A Physicochemical Consideration of Prebiotic Microenvironments for Self-Assembly and Prebiotic Chemistry. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101595. [PMID: 36295030 PMCID: PMC9604842 DOI: 10.3390/life12101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The origin of life on Earth required myriads of chemical and physical processes. These include the formation of the planet and its geological structures, the formation of the first primitive chemicals, reaction, and assembly of these primitive chemicals to form more complex or functional products and assemblies, and finally the formation of the first cells (or protocells) on early Earth, which eventually evolved into modern cells. Each of these processes presumably occurred within specific prebiotic reaction environments, which could have been diverse in physical and chemical properties. While there are resources that describe prebiotically plausible environments or nutrient availability, here, we attempt to aggregate the literature for the various physicochemical properties of different prebiotic reaction microenvironments on early Earth. We introduce a handful of properties that can be quantified through physical or chemical techniques. The values for these physicochemical properties, if they are known, are then presented for each reaction environment, giving the reader a sense of the environmental variability of such properties. Such a resource may be useful for prebiotic chemists to understand the range of conditions in each reaction environment, or to select the medium most applicable for their targeted reaction of interest for exploratory studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Saha
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, 600 1st Ave, Floor 1, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Kolkata 700135, India
| | - Ruiqin Yi
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-IE-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Albert C. Fahrenbach
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anna Wang
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (T.Z.J.)
| | - Tony Z. Jia
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, 600 1st Ave, Floor 1, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
- Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-IE-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (T.Z.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Raj D. Eutectic Thin-Layer Chromatography as a New Possibility for Quantification of Plant Extracts-A Case Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092960. [PMID: 35566305 PMCID: PMC9105703 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES), compared to classic ones, have interesting properties, such as the ability to solubilize compounds differing in polarity or increased dissolution of selected chemical compounds. They also offer specific interactions between the mobile and stationary phases. Those features make them promising solvents in chromatographic techniques, including the use in the separation of complicated samples. The first quantitative analysis with eutectic thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is presented in the paper. As a case study, five alkaloids from Chelidonium maius were selected as target compounds. A wide range of terpene-based DESs was investigated to develop the chromatographic system, both pure and after dilution. Moreover, a novel approach was employed to adjust polarity, involving mixing DESs differing in chromatographic properties. This procedure has proved to be effective. The best results were obtained with a 2:1 (wt/wt) mixture of DESs: camphor + phenol and menthol + limonene, with a 20% addition of methanol. The chromatographic system was validated and checked on the real sample, which made it the first applicable and operational quantitative eutectic TLC system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Raj
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wrocław, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shaibuna M, Theresa LV, Sreekumar K. Neoteric deep eutectic solvents: history, recent developments, and catalytic applications. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:2695-2721. [PMID: 35348135 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01797g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are modified versions of ionic liquids (ILs) and are formed by the fusion of polar components (liquids or solids) via hydrogen bonding interactions. DESs are prepared by the simple mixing of two or three cheap constituents (that are capable of self-association) with gentle heating, which leads to a drastic decrease in their melting points. The resultant clear homogeneous mixture consists of cations, anions, as well as neutral molecules; this will contribute both ionic and molecular solvent properties to the DESs. DESs have emerged as alternatives to conventional organic solvents and ILs, which meet different criteria such as availability, low cost, low toxicity, biodegradability, recyclability, ease of preparation method, tunable, and designer physiochemical properties. Many of them have attracted considerable attention and haave been applied in distinct fields of chemistry. To summarize the full-scale development of DESs, this review discusses the history, classifications, various methods of preparation, properties, and some major applications in catalysis in the last three years. This review is expected to be helpful for the further development of DESs based on a summary of the fundamental research in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Shaibuna
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-22, Kerala, India.
| | - Letcy V Theresa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-22, Kerala, India.
| | - K Sreekumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi-22, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alhadid A, Safarov J, Mokrushina L, Müller K, Minceva M. Carbon Dioxide Solubility in Nonionic Deep Eutectic Solvents Containing Phenolic Alcohols. Front Chem 2022; 10:864663. [PMID: 35392423 PMCID: PMC8980276 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.864663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are a new class of green solvents that have shown unique properties in several process applications. This study evaluates nonionic DES containing phenolic alcohols as solvents for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture applications. Potential phenolic alcohols and the molar ratio between DES constituents were preselected for experimental investigations based on the conductor-like screening model for realistic solvation (COSMO-RS). CO2 solubility was experimentally determined in two different DES, namely, L-menthol/thymol in 1:2 molar ratio and thymol/2,6-xylenol in 1:1 molar ratio, at various temperatures and pressures. CO2 solubility in the studied systems was higher than that reported in the literature for ionic DES and ionic liquids. This study demonstrates that nonionic DES containing phenolic alcohols can be excellent, inexpensive, and simple solvents for CO2 capture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alhadid
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Alhadid, ; Javid Safarov,
| | - Javid Safarov
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ahmad Alhadid, ; Javid Safarov,
| | - Liudmila Mokrushina
- Institute of Separation Science and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Müller
- Institute of Technical Thermodynamics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mirjana Minceva
- Biothermodynamics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen Y, Yu D, Liu Z, Xue Z, Mu T. Thermal, chemical, electrochemical, radiolytic and biological stability of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj03148e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are regarded as two kinds of novel solvents with high tunability and they exist in liquid-state for a wide range of temperature....
Collapse
|
18
|
Salehi HS, Moultos OA, Vlugt TJH. Interfacial Properties of Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents with Water. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12303-12314. [PMID: 34719232 PMCID: PMC8591605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hydrophobic deep
eutectic solvents (DESs) have recently gained
much attention as water-immiscible solvents for a wide range of applications.
However, very few studies exist in which the hydrophobicity of these
DESs is quantified. In this work, the interfacial properties of hydrophobic
DESs with water were computed at various temperatures using molecular
dynamics simulations. The considered DESs were tetrabutylammonium
chloride–decanoic acid (TBAC–dec) with a molar ratio
of 1:2, thymol–decanoic acid (Thy–dec) with a molar
ratio of 1:2, and dl-menthol–decanoic acid (Men–dec)
with a molar ratio of 2:1. The following properties were investigated
in detail: interfacial tensions, water-in-DES solubilities (and salt-in-water
solubilities for TBAC–dec/water), density profiles, and the
number densities of hydrogen bonds. Different ionic charge scaling
factors were used for TBAC–dec. Thy–dec and Men–dec
showed a high level of hydrophobicity with negligible computed water-in-DES
solubilities. For charge scaling factors of 0.7 and 1 for the thymol
and decanoic acid components of Thy–dec, the computed interfacial
tensions of the DESs are in the following order: TBAC–dec (ca.
4 mN m–1) < Thy–dec (20 mN m–1) < Men–dec (26 mN m–1). The two sets
of charge scaling factors for Thy–dec did not lead to different
density profiles but resulted in considerable differences in the DES/water
interfacial tensions due to different numbers of decanoic acid–water
hydrogen bonds at the interfaces. Large peaks were observed for the
density profiles of (the hydroxyl oxygen of) decanoic acid at the
interfaces of all DES/water mixtures, indicating a preferential alignment
of the oxygen atoms of decanoic acid toward the aqueous phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirad S Salehi
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Othonas A Moultos
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs J H Vlugt
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yakovlev IG, Garkushin IK, Kolyado AV. Coefficients of Activity in Tetrachloroethylene–n-Alkane Systems. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Salehi HS, Polat HM, de Meyer F, Houriez C, Coquelet C, Vlugt TJH, Moultos OA. Vapor pressures and vapor phase compositions of choline chloride urea and choline chloride ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvents from molecular simulation. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:114504. [PMID: 34551525 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread acknowledgment that deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have negligible vapor pressures, very few studies in which the vapor pressures of these solvents are measured or computed are available. Similarly, the vapor phase composition is known for only a few DESs. In this study, for the first time, the vapor pressures and vapor phase compositions of choline chloride urea (ChClU) and choline chloride ethylene glycol (ChClEg) DESs are computed using Monte Carlo simulations. The partial pressures of the DES components were obtained from liquid and vapor phase excess Gibbs energies, computed using thermodynamic integration. The enthalpies of vaporization were computed from the obtained vapor pressures, and the results were in reasonable agreement with the few available experimental data in the literature. It was found that the vapor phases of both DESs were dominated by the most volatile component (hydrogen bond donor, HBD, i.e., urea or ethylene glycol), i.e., 100% HBD in ChClEg and 88%-93% HBD in ChClU. Higher vapor pressures were observed for ChClEg compared to ChClU due to the higher volatility of ethylene glycol compared to urea. The influence of the liquid composition of the DESs on the computed properties was studied by considering different mole fractions (i.e., 0.6, 0.67, and 0.75) of the HBD. Except for the partial pressure of ethylene glycol in ChClEg, all the computed partial pressures and enthalpies of vaporization showed insensitivity toward the liquid composition. The activity coefficient of ethylene glycol in ChClEg was computed at different liquid phase mole fractions, showing negative deviations from Raoult's law.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirad S Salehi
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - H Mert Polat
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frédérick de Meyer
- CCUS and Acid Gas Entity, Liquefied Natural Gas Department, Exploration Production, Total Energies S.E., 92078 Paris, France
| | - Céline Houriez
- CTP - Centre of Thermodynamics of Processes, Mines ParisTech, PSL University, 35 rue Saint Honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France
| | - Christophe Coquelet
- CTP - Centre of Thermodynamics of Processes, Mines ParisTech, PSL University, 35 rue Saint Honoré, 77305 Fontainebleau, France
| | - Thijs J H Vlugt
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Othonas A Moultos
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628CB Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Influence of the Molecular Structure of Constituents and Liquid Phase Non-Ideality on the Viscosity of Deep Eutectic Solvents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144208. [PMID: 34299483 PMCID: PMC8308104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DES) have recently been used as green alternatives to conventional solvents in several applications. In addition to their tunable melting temperature, the viscosity of DES can be optimized by selecting the constituents and molar ratio. This study examined the viscosity of 14 eutectic systems formed by natural substances over a wide range of temperatures and compositions. The eutectic systems in this study were classified as ideal or non-ideal based on their solid–liquid equilibria (SLE) data found in the literature. The eutectic systems containing constituents with cyclohexyl rings were considerably more viscous than those containing linear or phenyl constituents. Moreover, the viscosity of non-ideal eutectic systems was higher than that of ideal eutectic systems because of the strong intermolecular interactions in the liquid solution. At temperatures considerably lower than the melting temperature of the pure constituents, non-ideal and ideal eutectic systems with cyclohexyl constituents exhibited considerably high viscosity, justifying the kinetic limitations in crystallization observed in these systems. Overall, understanding the correlation between the molecular structure of constituents, SLE, and the viscosity of the eutectic systems will help in designing new, low-viscosity DES.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zainal-Abidin MH, Hayyan M, Wong WF. Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents: Current progress and future directions. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|