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Racovita S, Trofin MA, Vasiliu AL, Avadanei M, Loghin DF, Mihai M, Vasiliu S. Studies on Sorption and Release of Doxycycline Hydrochloride from Zwitterionic Microparticles with Carboxybetaine Moieties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7871. [PMID: 39063114 PMCID: PMC11277556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the use of zwitterionic microparticles as new and efficient macromolecular supports for the sorption of an antibiotic (doxycycline hydrochloride, DCH) from aqueous solution. The effect of relevant process parameters of sorption, like dosage of microparticles, pH value, contact time, the initial concentration of drug and temperature, was evaluated to obtain the optimal experimental conditions. The sorption kinetics were investigated using Lagergren, Ho, Elovich and Weber-Morris models, respectively. The sorption efficiency was characterized by applying the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔS and ΔG) show that the sorption of doxycycline hydrochloride onto zwitterionic microparticles is endothermic, spontaneous and favorable at higher temperatures. The maximum identified sorption capacity value is 157.860 mg/g at 308 K. The Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, Baker-Lonsdale and Kopcha models are used to describe the release studies. In vitro release studies show that the release mechanism of doxycycline hydrochloride from zwitterionic microparticles is predominantly anomalous or non-Fickian diffusion. This study could provide the opportunity to expand the use of these new zwitterionic structures in medicine and water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Racovita
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (M.-A.T.); (A.-L.V.); (M.A.); (D.F.L.); (M.M.); (S.V.)
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Ghodsi S, Kamranifar M, Fatehizadeh A, Taheri E, Bina B, Hublikar LV, Ganachari SV, Nadagouda M, Aminabhavi TM. New insights on the decolorization of waste flows by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain - A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118398. [PMID: 38331155 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
One of the common causes of water pollution is the presence of toxic dye-based effluents, which can pose a serious threat to the ecosystem and human health. The application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) for wastewater decolorization has been widely investigated due to their efficient removal and eco-friendly treatments. This review attempts to create an awareness of different forms and methods of using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) for wastewater decolorization through a systematic approach. Overall, some suggestions on classification of dyes and related environmental/health problems, and treatment methods are discussed. Besides, the mechanisms of dye removal by S. cerevisiae including biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation and cell immobilization methods such as adsorption, covalent binding, encapsulation, entrapment, and self-aggregation are discussed. This review would help to inspire the exploration of more creative methods for applications and modification of S. cerevisiae and its further practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudabeh Ghodsi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Kamranifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Fatehizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ensiyeh Taheri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Bijan Bina
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Leena V Hublikar
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, India.
| | - Sharanabasava V Ganachari
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, India.
| | - Megha Nadagouda
- University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States.
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, India; Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Thapa R, Pandey P, Parat MO, Gurung S, Parekh HS. Phase transforming in situ gels for sustained and controlled transmucosal drug delivery via the intravaginal route. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124054. [PMID: 38548071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Direct, reliable, controlled, and sustained drug delivery to female reproductive tract (FRT) remains elusive, with conventional dosage forms falling way short of the mark, leading to premature leakage, erratic drug delivery, and loss of compliance. Historically, the intravaginal route remains underserved by the pharmaceutical sector. To comprehensively address this, we turned our focus to phase-transforming sol-gels, using poloxamers, a thermosensitive polymer and, doxycycline (as hyclate salt, DOXH) as our model agent given its potential use in sexually transmitted infections (STIs). We further enhanced mucoadhesiveness through screening of differing viscosity grade hydroxypropyl methyl celluloses (HPMCs). The optimised sol-gels remained gelled at body temperature (<37 °C) and were prepared in buffer aligned to vaginal cavity pH and osmolality. Lead formulations were progressed based on their ability to retain key rheological properties, and acidic pH in the presence of simulated vaginal fluid (SVF). From a shelf-life perspective, DOXH stability, gelation temperature (Tsol-gel), and pH to three months (2-8 °C) was attained. In summary, the meticulously engineered, phase-transforming sol-gels provided sustained mucoretention despite dilution by vaginal fluid, paving the way for localised antimicrobial drug delivery at concentrations that potentially far exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for target STI-causing bacteria of the FRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Thapa
- School of Pharamcy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woollongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Preeti Pandey
- School of Pharamcy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woollongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Marie-Odile Parat
- School of Pharamcy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woollongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Shila Gurung
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara-30, Kaski 33700, Nepal
| | - Harendra S Parekh
- School of Pharamcy, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woollongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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Ma X, Li Y, Du Y, Chen S, Bai Y, Li L, Qi C, Wu P, Zhang S. In-situ synthesis of ZIF-8 on magnetic pineapple leaf biochar as an efficient and reusable adsorbent for methylene blue removal from wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:24113-24128. [PMID: 38436853 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The presence of organic dyes in aquatic systems poses a significant threat to ecosystems and human well-being. Due to recycling challenges, traditional commercial activated carbon is not cost-effective. To address this, an imidazolate acid zeolite framework-8 (ZIF-8)-modified magnetic adsorbent (ZMPLB-800) was synthesized through the in-situ formation of ZIF-8 and subsequent carbonization at 800 °C, using magnetic pineapple leaf biochar (MPLB) as a carrier. The porous structure of ZMPLB-800 facilitates the rapid passage of dye molecules, enhancing adsorption performance. ZMPLB-800 exhibited remarkable adsorption capacity for methylene blue (MB) across a pH range of 3-13, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 455.98 mg g-1. Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. Mechanisms of MB adsorption included pore filling, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, and complexation through surface functional groups. Additionally, ZMPLB-800 demonstrated excellent regeneration performance, recording a removal efficiency exceeding 87% even after five adsorption/desorption cycles. This study provides a novel strategy for treating dye wastewater with MOF composites, laying the foundation for waste biomass utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Rd., Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yutong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Rd., Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yile Du
- College of Liberal Arts & Sciences at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Shuangli Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Rd., Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Yunfan Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Rd., Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Rd., Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Chuhua Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Rd., Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Pingping Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Rd., Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Sijing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, 13 Yanta Rd., Xi'an, 710055, China.
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Kar S, Dey S, Chowdhury KB, Ghosh SK, Mukhopadhyay J, Kumar S, Ghosh S, Majumdar S. Phyto-assisted synthesis of CuO/industrial waste derived biochar composite for adsorptive removal of doxycycline hydrochloride and recycling of spent biochar as green energy storage device. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116824. [PMID: 37549783 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The highest exposure of Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) into the water bodies as a result of extensive production and application of Covid-19 related drugs is a growing concern now a days. Herein, a novel nanocomposite material was developed by impregnating green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles on the porous surface of fabric waste derived biochar to eliminate the concerned EDCs along with a sustainable disposal strategy for the spent adsorbent. Morphological characterizations by Field emission scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of hierarchical porous structured material. X-ray analysis revealed presence of both amorphous nature of biochar matrix as well as the crystalline nature attributed from monodispersion of copper oxide nanoparticles onto biochar surface. Batch sorption study showed removal of doxycycline hydrochloride (DOX) of >97% after 2 h at pH 7, 30 mg L-1 initial concentration of DOX and 2 g L-1 of adsorbent dose at room temperature after a two-step optimization process. Spectroscopic study and Raman shift suggested that pore filling, strong complexation and electrostatic interactions maximise the adsorption of DOX in the CuO/biochar composite as compared to the pristine biochar. However disposal of spent adsorbent is a crucial aspect for the environment and therefore, a sustainable recycling strategy for DOX loaded adsorbent as electrode material has been proposed for the first time in this study. Maximum specific capacitance value was observed in the range of 221.9-297.3 F g-1 for the DOX loaded nanocomposite at 1 mV s-1 comparable with other reported heteroatom-doped carbonaceous material as electrode. Therefore the excellent adsorption capacity of green synthesized CuO/biochar composite and its recycling after DOX adsorption can be recommended as a sustainable solution for mitigation of pharmaceuticals from wastewater. A detail study on degradation of DOX into eco-friendly products and its cost-effectiveness would be beneficial to suggest appropriate mitigation strategy for such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Kar
- Membrane and Separation Technology Division, CSIR- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shoroshi Dey
- Energy Materials and Device Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kushal Banik Chowdhury
- Socio-Economic Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute (North-East Centre), Tezpur, Assam 784501, India
| | - Sudip Kumar Ghosh
- Energy Materials and Device Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Jayanta Mukhopadhyay
- Energy Materials and Device Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Waste Reprocessing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nehru Marg, Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Sourja Ghosh
- Membrane and Separation Technology Division, CSIR- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Swachchha Majumdar
- Membrane and Separation Technology Division, CSIR- Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, 196, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
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Poddar K, Sarkar D, Sahu JR, Patil PB, Pal SK, Sarkar A. Techno-economic assessment of doxycycline recovery using rice straw biochar: A circular economic execution. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139504. [PMID: 37453520 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The non-scientific disposal of antibiotics has resulted in massive contamination of the bioactive molecules in the aquatic ecosystem. The presence of antibiotics in the effluents limits the biodegradation of micropollutants by affecting the micro-ecological balance. Hence this study aims to remove doxycycline antibiotics from wastewater using biochar. Elemental analysis of the biochar revealed C, Si and N as most abundant content while BET analysis confirmed the mesoporous nature of the adsorbent. The XRD and Raman spectra confirmed amorphic sp2 carbon dominant structure in the biochar. The adsorption mechanism was predicted, correlating the charge distribution and FTIR analysis. The effects of different process parameters were studied using CCD, ANOVA, and RSM. Moreover, the different kinetic models revealed that the pseudo-second-order kinetics model was the best fit and film layer diffusion was the dominant contributor. The isotherm study indicated the high adsorption capacity of the biochar and its non-ionic nature. Thermodynamics study established the spontaneity and exothermic nature. The results suggested no significant change in antibiotic removal efficiency across different system (pond water (97.13%), river water (98.11%), seawater (96.84%), tap water (99.13%), and distilled water (99.74%)). For the desorption of the antibiotic from the biochar surface, 90% ethanol was the most efficient (98.9%), and upon recrystallization by solvent evaporation, 98.7% of the antibiotic of the initial load was recovered. Hence, the implementation of this described process would enable resource recovery along with water treatment, which is not possible with existing approaches. The cost analysis of the whole process revealed that biochar preparation was the bulk expense and the process would be self-sustainable even if the price of the recovered antibiotic would be set at less than half ($41/kg) of the current market price ($94/kg) of the API. Thus, the process endorses a successful circular economy approach toward societal and economic sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Poddar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Debapriya Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Jyotsna Rani Sahu
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Ravenshaw University, Odisha, 753003, India.
| | - Pritam Bajirao Patil
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Sumit Kumar Pal
- Department of Ceramic Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
| | - Angana Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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Chaudhari YS, Kumar P, Soni S, Gacem A, Kumar V, Singh S, Yadav VK, Dawane V, Piplode S, Jeon BH, Ibrahium HA, Hakami RA, Alotaibi MT, Abdellattif MH, Cabral-Pinto MMS, Yadav P, Yadav KK. An inclusive outlook on the fate and persistence of pesticides in the environment and integrated eco-technologies for their degradation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 466:116449. [PMID: 36924898 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Intensive and inefficient exploitation of pesticides through modernized agricultural practices has caused severe pesticide contamination problems to the environment and become a crucial problem over a few decades. Due to their highly toxic and persistent properties, they affect and get accumulated in non-target organisms, including microbes, algae, invertebrates, plants as well as humans, and cause severe issues. Considering pesticide problems as a significant issue, researchers have investigated several approaches to rectify the pesticide contamination problems. Several analyses have provided an extensive discussion on pesticide degradation but using specific technology for specific pesticides. However, in the middle of this time, cleaner techniques are essential for reducing pesticide contamination problems safely and environmentally friendly. As per the research findings, no single research finding provides concrete discussion on cleaner tactics for the remediation of contaminated sites. Therefore, in this review paper, we have critically discussed cleaner options for dealing with pesticide contamination problems as well as their advantages and disadvantages have also been reviewed. As evident from the literature, microbial remediation, phytoremediation, composting, and photocatalytic degradation methods are efficient and sustainable and can be used for treatment at a large scale in engineered systems and in situ. However, more study on the bio-integrated system is required which may be more effective than existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh S Chaudhari
- Department of Microbiology, K. J. Somaiya College of Arts, Commerce, and Science, Kopargaon, Maharashtra 423601, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India.
| | - Sunil Soni
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Amel Gacem
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University 20 Août 1955, Skikda, Algeria
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India
| | - Snigdha Singh
- School of Environment and Sustainable Development, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382030, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biosciences, School of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Mody University, Lakshmangarh, Sikar 332311, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vinars Dawane
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel College Mandleshwar, Madhya Pradesh 451221, India
| | - Satish Piplode
- Department of Chemistry, SBS Government PG College, Pipariya, Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh 461775, India
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222-Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hala A Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Department of Semi Pilot Plant, Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Bo x 530, El Maadi, Egypt
| | - Rabab A Hakami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Postal Code 61413, Box number 9044, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed T Alotaibi
- Department of Chemistry, Turabah University Collage, Taif University, Turabah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magda H Abdellattif
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, Al-Haweiah, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marina M S Cabral-Pinto
- Geobiotec Research Centre, Department of Geoscience, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Department of Zoology, Mohammad Hasan P. G. College, Shahganj road, Jaunpur 222001, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Ratibad, Bhopal 462044, India; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, PSU Energy Systems Research Institute, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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A review of the antibiotic ofloxacin: current status of ecotoxicology and scientific advances in its removal from aqueous systems by adsorption technology. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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Temitope Bankole D, Peter Oluyori A, Abosede Inyinbor A. The removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from aqueous solution by Agro-waste. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Purification of aquaculture effluent using Picralima nitida seeds. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21594. [PMID: 36517579 PMCID: PMC9751051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture effluent treatment is essential to eliminate the undesirable characteristics of water to ensure cleaner production and environmental sustainability. In an effort to develop green coagulant without compromising cost, this research investigated the feasibility of aquaculture effluent (AQEF) pollutant removal using Picralima nitida seeds extract (PNSC) and its bio-coagulation/adsorption kinetic characteristics with the substrate in water. The coagulative decrease was observed in terms of TD (turbidity), TSS (total suspended solids), COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), and COLR (color) from AQEF. The active coagulant was extracted from the seeds and analyzed for its spectral and morphological characteristics through FTIR and SEM. The influence of PNSC dosage (0.10-0.50 g L-1), pH (2-10), settling time (0-60 min), and temperature (303-323 K) on the removal of contaminants were surveyed. The process kinetics of coagulation-flocculation were also explored. Maximal TD reduction of 90.35%, COD (82.11%), BOD (82.38%); TSS (88.84%), and COLR (65.77%) at 0.2 g PNSC L-1, pH 4, and 303 K was achieved. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests proved that pH, temperature, and settling time had a significant effect on pollutant removal. Results fitted Von Smoluchowski's perikinetics theory at the optimum conditions, which gave R2 > 0.900. At perikinetics circumstances, the Kb (reaction rate) and [Formula: see text] (half-life) correspond to 0.0635 Lg-1 min-1 and 1.9 min. More so, sorption results fitted the Lagergren over the Ho model. Additionally, the net cost of using PNSC to handle 1 L of AQEF (including electricity, material, and labor costs) was evaluated to be €4.81. Overall, the PNSC appears reliable and useful in pretreating AQEF for improved biodegradability and superior effluent quality.
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11
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Single and dual polymeric sponges for emerging pollutants removal. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Srivastava A, Dave H, Prasad B, Maurya DM, Kumari M, Sillanpää M, Prasad KS. Low cost iron modified syzygium cumini l. Wood biochar for adsorptive removal of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline antibiotics from aqueous solution. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Enhancement in Photocatalytic Efficiency of Commercial TiO2 Nanoparticles by Calcination: A Case of Doxycycline Removal. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.17.3.13970.486-496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the pure and calcined forms of Degussa TiO2 were applied for photocatalytic removal of doxycycline - a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic. The calcination of TiO2 at 500 °C enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency of the TiO2 under optimal operational conditions of 5 ppm of doxycycline, 0.25 g/L of TiO2, pH 6.5, 120 min, and room temperature. In addition, the changes in morphology, crystal structure, and optical properties of the materials before and after calcination were observed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The reaction kinetics of the doxycycline removal was also investigated based on the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model with a correlation coefficient R2 of >80%. Results showed that the photocatalytic ability of TiO2 is stable and enhanced after being calcined at a suitable temperature of 500 °C. This opens up the potential application of TiO2 in the treatment of emerging organic pollutants in water. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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Olusegun SJ, Mohallem NDS, Ciminelli VST. Reducing the negative impact of ceftriaxone and doxycycline in aqueous solutions using ferrihydrite/plant-based composites: mechanism pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:66547-66561. [PMID: 35503153 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of ceftriaxone (CET) and doxycycline (DOX) from aqueous solution using ferrihydrite/plant-based composites (silica rice husk) to reduce their negative impact on the ecosystem was adequately studied. On the other hand, phosphate and humic acid are often found in water and soil; in view of this, their effects on the adsorption of CET and DOX were investigated. The results showed that the removal of ceftriaxone decreased with an increase in pH, while that of doxycycline did not. Ferrihydrite with 10% silica rice husk (Fh-10%SRH) has the highest maximum adsorption capacity of 139 and 178 mg g-1 for CET and DOX, respectively, at room temperature based on Liu's adsorption isotherm. This implies that the presence of silica rice husk increases CET and DOX uptake due to an increase in the pore volume of FH-10%SRH. The results showed that phosphate had a significant inhibition role on CET adsorption and minor on DOX, whereas humic acid salt affected neither case. Increase in temperature up to 333 K favored the adsorption of both contaminants. The proposed adsorption mechanisms of ceftriaxone are electrostatic interaction, n-π interaction, and hydrogen bond, while that of DOX entails n-π interaction and hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday J Olusegun
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, - MG, Brazil.
- Acqua Institute, Belo Horizonte, - MG, Brazil.
| | - Nelcy D S Mohallem
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, - MG, Brazil
| | - Virginia S T Ciminelli
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, - MG, Brazil
- Acqua Institute, Belo Horizonte, - MG, Brazil
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15
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Graphene oxide/Mg-Zn-Al layered double hydroxide for efficient removal of doxycycline from water: Taguchi approach for optimization. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Li D, Hua T, Li X, Cheng J, Du K, Hu Y, Chen Y. In-situ fabrication of ionic liquids/MIL-68(In)-NH 2 photocatalyst for improving visible-light photocatalytic degradation of doxycycline hydrochloride. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133461. [PMID: 34974040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic framework (MOFs)-based composites have been popular in photocatalysis due to their outstanding physicochemical properties, such as large surface area, high activity and good transmission properties. Herein, a method of ionic liquids (ILs)-assisted synthesis of IL/MIL-68(In)-NH2 composite materials were proposed, and composites were used for visible light catalytic degradation of doxycycline hydrochloride (DOXH). The effects of four kinds of ionic liquids on the structure and photocatalytic properties of the composites were explored, including diethylenetriamine acetate ([DETA][OAc]), diethylenetriamine hexafluorophosphate ([DETA][PF6]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole acetate ([EMIM][OAc]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate ([EMIM][PF6]). The results show that the introduction of different ionic liquids affects the grain growth of MOFs material and photocatalytic activity. Among them, ILDAc/MIL-68(In)-NH2 samples showed the highest photocatalytic activity. 92% removal rate of doxycycline hydrochloride and kinetic degradation constant (0.00918 min-1) was observed under the optimal addition of ILDAc (10 wt%), which was 4.6 times that of MIL-68(In)-NH2. The enhancement was attributed to a combined effect of efficient adsorption at low concentration, an increase of active sites, and efficient charge transfer. In addition, the effects of pH and initial concentration were investigated. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism of DOXH was elucidated, and the possible intermediate products and degradation pathways were discussed. Considering the excellent photostability and ultra-fast photodegradation of ILDAc/MIL-68(In)-NH2, this study opens up a new prospect for the preparation of ionic liquids functionalized MOFs with wide practical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Tao Hua
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jianhua Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Kesi Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Yongyou Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuancai Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, College of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Aoulad El hadj Ali Y, Demba N’diaye A, Ahrouch M, Sakar EH, Raklami A, Lahcen AA, Stitou M. Dehydrate Sewage Sludge as an Efficient Adsorbent for Malachite Green Removal in Textile Wastewater: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-021-00308-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Fan Y, Yu W, Liao Y, Jiang X, Wang Z, Cheng Z. Ratiometric detection of doxycycline in pharmaceutical based on dual ligands-enhanced copper nanoclusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 267:120509. [PMID: 34688060 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble, stable, simple and dual ligands (bovine serum albumin and L-histidine)-enhanced copper nanoclusters (BSA-CuNCs@L-His) was synthesized by one-step wet chemical method. Interestingly, the introduction of L-His ligand could improve evidently the quantum yields (QYs, 3.47%) and stability of BSA-CuNCs due to forming the stronger interaction of L-His and Cu and producing bigger diameter CuNCs by coordination-induced aggregation. Thus, a new ratiometric fluorescent probe (RF-probe) was successfully exploited for sensitively and selectively mensurating doxycycline (DOX) because DOX could simultaneously regulate the fluorescence (FL) intensities of BSA-CuNCs@L-His at 410 and 520 nm. The FL quenching of BSA-CuNCs@L-His at 410 nm by DOX was mainly originated from the static quenching process, while DOX could bind to Trp-212 in BSA from the skeleton of BSA-CuNCs@L-His by electrostatic interaction causing the appearance of new emission peak at 520 nm. The content of DOX was monitored by the RF-probe with a linear range of 0.05-14.0 μM and a LOD (limit of detection) and LOQ (limit of quantification) of 6.4 and 21.3 nM (at 3σ/slope and 10σ/slope). Moreover, compared to the standard HPLC method, the proposed RF-probe was extended to the detection of DOX in doxycycline hydrochloride (DOXH) tablets, DOXH injections and DOXH capsules with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Fan
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Yunwen Liao
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China; Institute of Applied Chemistry, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Zhengjun Cheng
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China; Institute of Applied Chemistry, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
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Ighalo JO, Rangabhashiyam S, Adeyanju CA, Ogunniyi S, Adeniyi AG, Igwegbe CA. Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) for aqueous phase adsorption – A review. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Environmental protection by the adsorptive elimination of acetaminophen from water: A comprehensive review. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Aniagor CO, Afifi M, Hashem A. Modelling of basic blue-9 dye sorption onto hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile grafted starch composite. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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22
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Al-Wabel MI, Ahmad M, Al-Swadi HA, Ahmad J, Abdin Y, Usman ARA, Al-Farraj ASF. Sorption–Desorption Behavior of Doxycycline in Soil–Manure Systems Amended with Mesquite Wood Waste Biochar. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10122566. [PMID: 34961036 PMCID: PMC8709227 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of doxycycline (DC) have been detected in the environment due to its extensive utilization as a veterinary antibiotic. Sorption–desorption behavior of DC in soil affects its transport, transformation, and availability in the environment. Thus, sorption–desorption behavior of DC was explored in three soils (S1, S2, and S3) after manure application with and without mesquite wood-waste-derived biochar (BC) pyrolyzed at 600 °C. Sorption batch trials demonstrated the highest DC sorption in soil S1 as compared to S2 and S3, either alone or in combination with manure or manure + BC. Chemical sorption and pore diffusion were involved in DC sorption, as indicated by the kinetic models. Soil S1 with manure + BC exhibited the highest Langmuir model predicted sorption capacity (18.930 mg g−1) compared with the other two soils. DC sorption capacity of soils was increased by 5.0–6.5-fold with the addition of manure, and 10–13-fold with BC application in a soil–manure system. In desorption trials, manure application resulted in 67%, 40%, and 41% increment in DC desorption in soil S1, S2, and S3, respectively, compared to the respective soils without manure application. In contrast, BC application reduced DC desorption by 73%, 66%, and 65%, in S1, S2, and S3, respectively, compared to the soils without any amendment. The highest DC sorption after BC application could be due to H bonding, π–π EDA interactions, and diffusion into the pores of BC. Hence, mesquite wood-waste-derived BC can effectively be used to enhance DC retention in contaminated soil to ensure a sustainable ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I. Al-Wabel
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.-S.); (J.A.); (Y.A.); (A.R.A.U.); (A.S.F.A.-F.)
- Correspondence: author: ; Tel.: +966-1-467-8442; Fax: +966-1-467-8440
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.-S.); (J.A.); (Y.A.); (A.R.A.U.); (A.S.F.A.-F.)
| | - Hamed A. Al-Swadi
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.-S.); (J.A.); (Y.A.); (A.R.A.U.); (A.S.F.A.-F.)
- Department of Soil, Water and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana’a University, Sana’a 31220, Yemen
| | - Jahangir Ahmad
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.-S.); (J.A.); (Y.A.); (A.R.A.U.); (A.S.F.A.-F.)
| | - Yassir Abdin
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.-S.); (J.A.); (Y.A.); (A.R.A.U.); (A.S.F.A.-F.)
| | - Adel R. A. Usman
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.-S.); (J.A.); (Y.A.); (A.R.A.U.); (A.S.F.A.-F.)
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Abdullah S. F. Al-Farraj
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (H.A.A.-S.); (J.A.); (Y.A.); (A.R.A.U.); (A.S.F.A.-F.)
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Anastopoulos I, Ighalo JO, Adaobi Igwegbe C, Giannakoudakis DA, Triantafyllidis KS, Pashalidis I, Kalderis D. Sunflower-biomass derived adsorbents for toxic/heavy metals removal from (waste) water. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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24
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Artificial intelligence simulation of water treatment using a novel bimodal micromesoporous nanocomposite. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Verification of pore size effect on aqueous-phase adsorption kinetics: A case study of methylene blue. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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26
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Hashem A, Aniagor CO, Badawy SM, Taha GM. Novel application of the esterification product of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid and cellulosic biomass for cobalt ion adsorption. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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27
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Synthesis of super-absorbent poly(AN)-g-starch composite hydrogel and its modelling for aqueous sorption of cadmium ions. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Coagulation-Flocculation of Aquaculture Wastewater Using Green Coagulant from Garcinia kola Seeds: Parametric Studies, Kinetic Modelling and Cost Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
To achieve sustainability, it is necessary to use proper treatment methods to reduce the pollutant loads of receiving waters. This study investigates the coagulative reduction of turbidity, COD, BOD and colour from aquaculture wastewater (AW) using a novel Garcinia kola seeds coagulant (GKC). This coagulant was obtained from extraction of Garcinia kola seeds and analysed for its spectral and morphological characteristics through FTIR and SEM. The kinetics of coagulation-flocculation were also investigated in terms of total dissolved and suspended solids (TDSP). The seeds had 11.27% protein and 68.33% carbohydrate, showing usability in adsorption/charges neutralisation as a coagulant to reduce particles. Maximal turbidity reduction = 81.93%, COD = 75.03%, BOD = 72.84% and colour = 56.69% at 0.3 g GKC/L, pH 2, 60 min and 303 K were achieved. Von Smoluchowski’s second-order peri-kinetics theory was used to fit the results, giving R2 > 0.9. At a coagulation order (α) of 2, the reaction rate (KC) and half-life (τS1/2) were 0.0003 L/g·min and 25.3 min at the optimal conditions. The sorption data better fit the Lagergren compared to the Ho adsorption model. Furthermore, the net cost of using GKC to handle 1 L of AW (including electricity and material costs) was calculated to be 1.57 EUR, and the costs of 0.3 g/L GKC preparation and energy were 0.27 and 1.30 EUR, respectively. In summary, these seeds can be used to pre-treat AW.
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