1
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Fritsch S, Strassner T. Synthesis and physical properties of tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids based on 1-aryl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium cations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1278-1285. [PMID: 38887574 PMCID: PMC11181176 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a new class of tunable aryl alkyl ionic liquids (TAAILs) based on 1-aryl-4,5-dimethylimidazolium cations with electron-withdrawing and -donating substituents in different positions of the phenyl ring and the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (NTf2) anion. We investigated the effect of additional methyl groups in the backbone of the imidazolium core on the physical properties regarding viscosity, conductivity and electrochemical window. With an electrochemical window of up to 6.3 V, which is unprecedented for TAAILs with an NTf2 anion, this new class of TAAILs demonstrates the opportunities that arise from modifications in the backbone of the imidazolium cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fritsch
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Cardoso Gomes G, Ferdeghini C, Guglielmero L, D'Andrea F, Guazzelli L, Mezzetta A, Pomelli CS. A Combined Experimental/Computational Study of Dicationic Ionic Liquids with Bromide and Tungstate Anions. Molecules 2024; 29:2131. [PMID: 38731623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A panel of dicationic ionic liquids (DILs) with different rigid xylyl (ortho, meta, para) spacers and different anions (bromide and tungstate) has been synthetised and characterised through different experimental and computational techniques. Differences and analogies between the systems are analysed using information derived from their DFT structures, semiempirical dynamics, thermal behaviour, and catalytic properties versus the well-known reaction of CO2 added to epichlorohydrin. A comparison between the proposed systems and some analogues that present non-rigid spacers shows the key effect displayed by structure rigidity on their characteristics. The results show an interesting correlation between structure, flexibility, properties, and catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudio Ferdeghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Guglielmero
- Classe di Scienze, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Felicia D'Andrea
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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3
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Xiang C, Zhu Y, Liu G, Liu T, Xu X, Yang J. Experimental and Simulation Studies of Imidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquids with Different Alkyl Chain Lengths for Viscosity Reductions in Heavy Crude Oil: The Effect on Asphaltene Dispersion. Molecules 2024; 29:1184. [PMID: 38474696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy crude oil poses challenges in terms of extraction and transportation due to its high viscosity. In the pursuit of effective methods to reduce viscosity in heavy crude oil, this study investigates the potential of imidazolium chloride ionic liquids with varying alkyl chain lengths as viscosity reducers. The experimental results demonstrate that the addition of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazole chloride ([C12-MIM]Cl) leads to a maximum viscosity reduction of 49.87%. Solubility parameters were calculated based on characterization of the average molecular structure of the asphaltenes. The viscosity reduction effect is enhanced when the solubility parameter of the ionic liquid closely matches that of the asphaltene. The initial asphaltene deposition point of heavy crude oil is increased from 63% to 68% with the addition of 150 mg/L [C12-MIM]Cl. Furthermore, the average particle size of asphaltene deposits decreases from 79.35 μm to 48.54 μm. The viscosity of heavy crude oil is influenced by the aggregation of asphaltenes. The ability of ionic liquids, especially those with longer alkyl chains, to disperse asphaltene molecules and reduce viscosity has been confirmed through molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyue Xiang
- International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yangwen Zhu
- Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanghao Liu
- International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinru Xu
- International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, China
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4
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Guglielmero L, Mezzetta A, D'Andrea F, Guazzelli L, Pomelli CS. Betaine mediated enhancement of thermal stability and acidity tolerance of vanadium(V) solutions. Dalton Trans 2023. [PMID: 38015014 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02378h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A panel of novel vanadium(IV)-betaine complexes has been synthesized according to new and efficient methodologies and characterized through both spectroscopic techniques and thermal analyses. Vanadium(IV)-betaine solutions have been electrochemically oxidized and the effect of betaine ligands on the thermal and pH stability of vanadium(V) solutions has been evaluated under different temperature and acidity conditions. The obtained results displayed a remarkable effect for both of the examined parameters, achieving the preparation of aqueous vanadium(V) solutions displaying long term stability at more than 55 °C under mild acidic conditions. The species formed in the betaine rich vanadium(V) solutions have been sprectroscopically identified in relationship with the acidity of the solution, and the obtained results were confirmed through computational techniques. Vanadium-betaine based solutions have been finally tested in a lab-scale redox flow battery setup, providing preliminary insight into the possible use of this type of electrolyte in VRFBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Guglielmero
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Felicia D'Andrea
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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5
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Arriaza-Echanes C, Velázquez-Tundidor MV, Angel-López A, Norambuena Á, Palay FE, Terraza CA, Tundidor-Camba A, Ortiz PA, Coll D. Ionenes as Potential Phase Change Materials with Self-Healing Behavior. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4460. [PMID: 38006184 PMCID: PMC10674965 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionenes are poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) comprising a polymer backbone with ionic groups along the structure. Ionenes as solid-solid phase change materials are a recent research field, and some studies have demonstrated their potential in thermal dissipation into electronic devices. Eight ionenes obtained through Menshutkin reactions were synthesized and characterized. The analysis of the thermal tests allowed understanding of how the thermal properties of the polymers depend on the aliphatic nature of the dihalogenated monomer and the carbon chain length. The TGA studies concluded that the ionenes were thermally stable with T10% above 420 °C. The DSC tests showed that the prepared ionenes presented solid-solid transitions, and no melting temperature was appreciated, which rules out the possibility of solid-liquid transitions. All ionenes were soluble in common polar aprotic solvents. The hydrophilicity of the synthesized ionenes was studied by the contact angle method, and their total surface energy was calculated. Self-healing behavior was preliminarily explored using a selected sample. Our studies show that the prepared ionenes exhibit properties that make them potential candidates for applications as solid-solid phase change materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Arriaza-Echanes
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Pirámide 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile (Á.N.); (F.E.P.)
| | - María V. Velázquez-Tundidor
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Department of Organic Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Alejandro Angel-López
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Pirámide 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile (Á.N.); (F.E.P.)
| | - Ángel Norambuena
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Pirámide 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile (Á.N.); (F.E.P.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones y Control del Ejército de Chile (IDIC), Santiago 8370899, Chile
| | - Francisco E. Palay
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Pirámide 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile (Á.N.); (F.E.P.)
| | - Claudio A. Terraza
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Department of Organic Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- UC Energy Research Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Alain Tundidor-Camba
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Department of Organic Chemistry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
- UC Energy Research Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Ortiz
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Pirámide 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile (Á.N.); (F.E.P.)
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Medio Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile
| | - Deysma Coll
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Pirámide 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile (Á.N.); (F.E.P.)
- Centro de Nanotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile
- Núcleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Santiago 8580745, Chile
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Qalyoubi L, Zuburtikudis I, Abu Khalifeh H, Nashef E. Adsorptive Membranes Incorporating Ionic Liquids (ILs), Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) or Graphene Oxide (GO) for Metal Salts Extraction from Aqueous Feed. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:874. [PMID: 37999360 PMCID: PMC10673284 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a significant concern, particularly in arid regions, due to the rapid growth in population, industrialization, and climate change. Seawater desalination has emerged as a conventional and reliable solution for obtaining potable water. However, conventional membrane-based seawater desalination has drawbacks, such as high energy consumption resulting from a high-pressure requirement, as well as operational challenges like membrane fouling and high costs. To overcome these limitations, it is crucial to enhance the performance of membranes by increasing their efficiency, selectivity, and reducing energy consumption and footprint. Adsorptive membranes, which integrate adsorption and membrane technologies, offer a promising approach to address the drawbacks of standalone membranes. By incorporating specific materials into the membrane matrix, composite membranes have demonstrated improved permeability, selectivity, and reduced pressure requirements, all while maintaining effective pollutant rejection. Researchers have explored different adsorbents, including emerging materials such as ionic liquids (ILs), deep eutectic solvents (DESs), and graphene oxide (GO), for embedding into membranes and utilizing them in various applications. This paper aims to discuss the existing challenges in the desalination process and focus on how these materials can help overcome these challenges. It will also provide a comprehensive review of studies that have reported the successful incorporation of ILs, DESs, and GO into membranes to fabricate adsorptive membranes for desalination. Additionally, the paper will highlight both the current and anticipated challenges in this field, as well as present prospects, and provide recommendations for further advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Qalyoubi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates; (L.Q.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Ioannis Zuburtikudis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates; (L.Q.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Hadil Abu Khalifeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates; (L.Q.); (H.A.K.)
| | - Enas Nashef
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates;
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Hernández-Fernández A, Iniesta-López E, Ginestá-Anzola A, Garrido Y, Pérez de los Ríos A, Quesada-Medina J, Hernández-Fernández FJ. Polymeric Inclusion Membranes Based on Ionic Liquids for Selective Separation of Metal Ions. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:795. [PMID: 37755217 PMCID: PMC10535514 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, poly(vinyl chloride)-based polymeric ionic liquid inclusion membranes were used in the selective separation of Fe(III), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Cu(II) from hydrochloride aqueous solutions. The ionic liquids under study were 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [omim+][PF6-] and methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride, [MTOA+][Cl-]. For this purpose, stability studies of different IL/base polymer compositions against aqueous phases were carried out. Among all polymer inclusion membranes studied, [omim+][PF6-]/PVC membranes at a ratio of 30/70 and [MTOA+][Cl-]/PVC membranes at a ratio of 70/30 were able to retain up to 82% and 48% of the weight of the initial ionic liquid, respectively, after being exposed to a solution of metal ions in 1 M HCl for 2048 h (85 days). It was found that polymer inclusion membranes based on the ionic liquid methyl trioctyl ammonium chloride allowed the selective separation of Zn(II)/Cu(II) and Zn(II)/Fe(III) mixtures with separation factors of 1996, 606 and, to a lesser extent but also satisfactorily, Cd(II)/Cu(II) mixtures, with a separation factor of 112. Therefore, selecting the appropriate ionic liquid/base polymer mixture makes it possible to create polymeric inclusion membranes capable of selectively separating target metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia (UMU), P.O. Box 4021, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.H.-F.); (E.I.-L.); (Y.G.); (A.P.d.l.R.); (J.Q.-M.)
| | - Eduardo Iniesta-López
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia (UMU), P.O. Box 4021, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.H.-F.); (E.I.-L.); (Y.G.); (A.P.d.l.R.); (J.Q.-M.)
| | | | - Yolanda Garrido
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia (UMU), P.O. Box 4021, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.H.-F.); (E.I.-L.); (Y.G.); (A.P.d.l.R.); (J.Q.-M.)
| | - Antonia Pérez de los Ríos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia (UMU), P.O. Box 4021, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.H.-F.); (E.I.-L.); (Y.G.); (A.P.d.l.R.); (J.Q.-M.)
| | - Joaquín Quesada-Medina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia (UMU), P.O. Box 4021, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.H.-F.); (E.I.-L.); (Y.G.); (A.P.d.l.R.); (J.Q.-M.)
| | - Francisco José Hernández-Fernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia (UMU), P.O. Box 4021, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100 Murcia, Spain; (A.H.-F.); (E.I.-L.); (Y.G.); (A.P.d.l.R.); (J.Q.-M.)
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Ferdeghini C, Mezzetta A, D’Andrea F, Pomelli CS, Guazzelli L, Guglielmero L. The Structure-Property Relationship of Pyrrolidinium and Piperidinium-Based Bromide Organic Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8483. [PMID: 36499976 PMCID: PMC9737136 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two couples of dicationic ionic liquids, featuring pyrrolidinium and piperidinium cations and different linker chains, were prepared and characterized. 1,1'-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(1-methylpyrrolidinium) bromide, 1,1'-(octane-1,8-diyl)bis(1-methylpyrrolidinium) bromide, 1,1'-(propane-1,3-diyl)bis(1-methylpiperidinium) bromide, and 1,1'-(octane-1,8-diyl)bis(1-methylpiperidinium) bromide were synthesized in quantitative yields and high purity and thermally characterized through TGA and DSC analysis. In this study, we propose a preliminary comparative evaluation of the effect of the linker chain length and of the size of the aliphatic ammonium ring on the thermal and solubility properties of bromide dicationic ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ferdeghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Mezzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Felicia D’Andrea
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Guazzelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Guglielmero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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9
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Piatti E, Guglielmero L, Tofani G, Mezzetta A, Guazzelli L, D'Andrea F, Roddaro S, Pomelli CS. Ionic liquids for electrochemical applications: Correlation between molecular structure and electrochemical stability window. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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