1
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Adnan M, Kashif M, Irshad Z, Hussain R, Darwish HW, Lim J. Advancing optoelectronic characteristics of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based molecules as donors for organic and as hole transporting materials for perovskite solar cells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124615. [PMID: 38906061 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
A stable and efficient hole-transport material (HTM) is crucial for high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-MeOTAD) being used widely to prepare highly efficient PSCs. However, Spiro-MeOTAD has some limitations due to its complex synthesis, which increases its cost, and it also requires dopants to improve its performance. Therefore, we designed thirteen unique small-molecule-based HTMs (MK1-MK13), which are easy to synthesize, highly cost-effective, and don't require dopants to prepare efficient PSCs. Their electrical and optical properties are then investigated theoretically using advanced quantum chemical approaches. The designed molecules showed lower energy gaps and improved optical and optoelectronic characteristics because of the improved phase inversion geometry. The detailed photo-physical and optoelectronic characteristics have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD-DFT) calculations. Moreover, we investigated the impact of holes and electrons and the density of states, open-circuit voltage, frontier molecular orbital, transition density matrix, and other structural and photovoltaic characteristics of these materials. Among these, the MK3 molecule possesses the much narrower optical band gap of 1.04 eV and absorbance (λ max) of 684 nm, respectively. In addition, a profound investigation of the MK3/PC61BM blend shows excellent charge transfer at the acceptor-donor interface. Therefore, our proposed technique is necessary for generating appropriate photovoltaic materials for efficient optoelectronic devices and is helpful in further advancing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, 56300, Pakistan
| | - Zobia Irshad
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, 56300, Pakistan.
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jongchul Lim
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Moeed S, Bousbih R, Ayub AR, Jafar NNA, Aljohani M, Jabir MS, Amin MA, Zubair H, Majdi H, Waqas M, Hadia NMA, Khera RA. A theoretical investigation for improving the performance of non-fullerene organic solar cells through side-chain engineering of BTR non-fused-ring electron acceptors. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 131:108792. [PMID: 38797085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In the current quantum chemical study, indacenodithiophene donor core-based the end-capped alterations of the reference chromophore BTR drafted eight A2-A1-D-A1-A2 type small non-fullerene acceptors. All the computational simulations were executed under MPW1PW91/6-31G (d, p) level of DFT. The UV-Vis absorption, open circuit voltage, electron affinity, ionization potential, the density of states, reorganization energy, orbital analysis, and non-covalent interactions were studied and compared with BTR. Several molecules of our modeled series BT1-BT8 have shown distinctive features that are better than those of the BTR. The open circuit voltage (VOC) of BT5 has a favorable impact, allowing it to replace BTR in the field of organic solar cells. The charge carrier motilities for proposed molecules generated extraordinary findings when matched to the reference one (BTR). Further charge transmission was confirmed by creating the complex with a PM6 donor molecule. The remarkable dipole moment contributes to the formation of non-covalent bond interactions with chloroform, resulting in superior charge mobility. Based on these findings, it can be said that every tailored molecule has the potential to surpass chromophore molecule (BTR) in OSCs. So, all tailored molecules may enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic cells due to the involvement of potent terminal electron-capturing acceptor2 moieties. Considering these obtained results, these newly presented molecules can be regarded for developing efficient solar devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Moeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - R Bousbih
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, 71491, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Raza Ayub
- Key Laboratory of Clusters Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Nadhir N A Jafar
- Al-Zahraa Center for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research Sciences (ZCMRS), Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, 56001, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Aljohani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid S Jabir
- Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Iraq
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hira Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Majdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - N M A Hadia
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, 2014, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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3
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Shafiq I, Kousar S, Rasool F, Ahamad T, Munawar KS, Bullo S, Ojha SC. Exploration of the synergistic effect of chrysene-based core and benzothiophene acceptors on photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15105. [PMID: 38956211 PMCID: PMC11219797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65459-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of organic solar cells (OSCs), novel small acceptor molecules (CTD1-CTD7) were designed by modification at the terminal acceptors of reference compound CTR. The optoelectronic properties of the investigated compounds (CTD1-CTD7) were accomplished by employing density functional theory (DFT) in combination with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT). The M06 functional along with a 6-311G(d,p) basis set was utilized for calculating various parameters such as: frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), absorption maxima (λmax), binding energy (Eb), transition density matrix (TDM), density of states (DOS), and open circuit voltage (Voc) of entitled chromophores. A red shift in the absorption spectra of all designed chromophores (CTD1-CTD7) was observed as compared to CTR, accompanied by low excitation energy. Particularly, CTD4 was characterized by the highest λmax value of 685.791 nm and the lowest transition energy value of 1.801 eV which might be ascribed to the robust electron-withdrawing end-capped acceptor group. The observed reduced binding energy (Eb) was linked to an elevated rate of exciton dissociation and substantial charge transfer from central core in HOMO towards terminal acceptors in LUMO. These results were further supported by the outcomes from TDM and DOS analyses. Among all entitled chromophores, CTD4 exhibited bathochromic shift (685.791 nm), minimum HOMO/LUMO band gap of 2.347 eV with greater CT. Thus, it can be concluded that by employing molecular engineering with efficient acceptor moieties, the efficiency of photovoltaic materials could be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Shehla Kousar
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Rasool
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurram Shahzad Munawar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Mianwali, Mianwali, 42200, Pakistan
| | - Saifullah Bullo
- Department of Human and Rehabilitation Sciences, Begum Nusrat Bhutto Women University, Sukkur Sindh, Pakistan.
| | - Suvash Chandra Ojha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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4
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Khalid M, Fatima N, Arshad M, Adeel M, Braga AAC, Ahamad T. Unveiling the influence of end-capped acceptors modification on photovoltaic properties of non-fullerene fused ring compounds: a DFT/TD-DFT study. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20441-20453. [PMID: 38946775 PMCID: PMC11208900 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03170a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, unique A-D-A configuration-based molecules (NBD1-NBD7) were designed from the reference compound (NBR) by utilizing the end-capped acceptor modification approach. Various electron-withdrawing units -F, -Cl, -CN, -NO2, -CF3, -HSO3, and -COOCH3, were incorporated into terminals of reference compound to designed NBD1-NBD7, respectively. A theoretical investigation employing the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) was performed at B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. To reveal diverse opto-electronic and photovoltaic properties, the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), absorption maxima (λ max), density of states (DOS), exciton binding energy (E b), open-circuit voltage (V oc) and transition density matrix (TDM) analyses were executed at the same functional. Moreover, the global reactivity parameters (GRPs) were calculated using the HOMO-LUMO energy gaps from the FMOs. Significant results were obtained for the designed molecules (NBD1-NBD7) as compared to NBR. They showed lesser energy band gaps (2.024-2.157 eV) as compared to the NBR reference (2.147 eV). The tailored molecules also demonstrated bathochromic shifts in the chloroform (671.087-717.164 nm) and gas phases (623.251-653.404 nm) as compared to NBR compound (674.189 and 626.178 nm, respectively). From the photovoltaic perspectives, they showed promising results (2.024-2.157 V). Furthermore, the existence of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in the designed compounds was depicted via their DOS and TDM graphical plots. Among all the investigated molecules, NBD4 was disclosed as the excellent candidate for solar cell applications owing to its favorable properties such as the least band gap (2.024 eV), red-shifted λ max in the chloroform (717.164 nm) and gas (653.404 nm) phases as well as the minimal E b (0.126 eV). This is due to the presence of highly electronegative -NO2 unit at the terminal of electron withdrawing acceptor moiety, which leads to increased conjugation and enhanced the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) rate. The obtained insights suggested that the designed molecules could be considered as promising materials for potential applications in the realm of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Noor Fatima
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan 64200 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Industry Solutions, Northern Alberta Institute of Technology Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University D. I. Khan Pakistan
| | - Ataualpa A C Braga
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 São Paulo 05508-000 Brazil
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
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5
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Ijaz R, Waqas M, Mahal A, Essid M, Zghab I, Khera RA, Alotaibi HF, Al-Haideri M, Alshomrany AS, Zahid S, Alatawi NS, Aloui Z. Tuning the optoelectronic properties of selenophene-diketopyrrolopyrrole-based non-fullerene acceptor to obtain efficient organic solar cells through end-capped modification. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 129:108745. [PMID: 38442441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
With the goal of developing a high-performance organic solar cell, nine molecules of A2-D-A1-D-A2 type are originated in the current investigation. The optoelectronic properties of all the proposed compounds are examined by employing the DFT approach and the B3LYP functional with a 6-31G (d, p) basis set. By substituting the terminal moieties of reference molecule with newly proposed acceptor groups, several optoelectronic and photovoltaic characteristics of OSCs have been studied, which are improved to a significant level when compared with reference molecule, i.e., absorption properties, excitation energy, exciton binding energy, band gap, oscillator strength, electrostatic potential, light-harvesting efficiency, transition density matrix, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, density of states and interaction coefficient. All the newly developed molecules (P1-P9) have improved λmax, small band gap, high oscillator strengths, and low excitation energies compared to the reference molecule. Among all the studied compounds, P9 possesses the least binding energy (0.24 eV), P8 has high interaction coefficient (0.70842), P3 has improved electron mobility due to the least electron reorganization energy (λe = 0.009182 eV), and P5 illustrates high light-harvesting efficiency (0.7180). P8 and P9 displayed better Voc results (1.32 eV and 1.33 eV, respectively) and FF (0.9049 and 0.9055, respectively). Likewise, the phenomenon of charge transfer in the PTB7-Th/P1 blend seems to be a marvelous attempt to introduce them in organic photovoltaics. Consequently, the outcomes of these parameters demonstrate that adding new acceptors to reference molecule is substantial for the breakthrough development of organic solar cells (OSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimsha Ijaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Mahal
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imen Zghab
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maysoon Al-Haideri
- Pharmacy Department, School of Medicine, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Ali S Alshomrany
- Department of Physics, College of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al Taif HWY, Mecca 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saba Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Naifa S Alatawi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zouhaier Aloui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Adadi M, Hachi M, Said K, Hassani AAE, Znaki J, Znaki FZ, Benjelloun AT, Chtita S, Khattabi SE. Rational Design of New Small Derivatives of 2,2'-Bithiophene as Hole Transport Material for Perovskite Solar Cells. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03644-6. [PMID: 38446340 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time Dependent DFT (TD-DFT) methods, this inquiry theoretically examines seven novel hole-transport materials (HTMs) namely DFBT1, DFBT2, DFBT3, DFBT4, DFBT5, DFBT6, and DFBT7 based on the 2,2'bithiophene core for future use as HTMs for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The model molecule has been modified through substituting the end groups situated on the diphenylamine moieties with a tow acceptor bridged by thiophene, this modification was performed to test the impact of the π-bridge and acceptor on the electronic, photophysical, and photovoltaic properties of the newly created molecules. DFBT1 - DFBT7 displayed a lower band gap (1.49 eV to 2.69 eV) than the model molecule (3.63 eV). Additionally, the newly engineered molecules presented a greater λmax ranging from 393.07 nm to 541.02 nm in dimethylformamide solvent, as compared to the model molecule (380.61 nm). The PCEs of all newly designed molecules (22.42% to 29.21%) were high compared with the reference molecule (19.62%). Thus, this study showed that all seven newly small molecules were excellent candidates for a novel PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Adadi
- Laboratory of Engineering, Systems and Applications, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Hachi
- Laboratory of Materials Engineering, Modeling and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar el Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Khalid Said
- Laboratory of Engineering, Systems and Applications, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Anouar Ameziane El Hassani
- Laboratory of Materials Engineering, Modeling and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar el Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Jihane Znaki
- Laboratory of Engineering, Systems and Applications, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra Znaki
- Laboratory of Engineering, Systems and Applications, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Adil Touimi Benjelloun
- Laboratory of Materials Engineering, Modeling and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Dhar el Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Samir Chtita
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, P.O. Box 7955, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Souad El Khattabi
- Laboratory of Engineering, Systems and Applications, National School of Applied Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdallah University, Fez, Morocco.
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Noor T, Waqas M, Shaban M, Hameed S, Ateeq-ur-Rehman, Ahmed SB, Alrafai HA, Al-Saeedi SI, Ibrahim MAA, Hadia NMA, Khera RA, Hassan AA. Designing Thieno[3,4- c]pyrrole-4,6-dione Core-Based, A 2-D-A 1-D-A 2-Type Acceptor Molecules for Promising Photovoltaic Parameters in Organic Photovoltaic Cells. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6403-6422. [PMID: 38375499 PMCID: PMC10876087 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Nonfullerene-based organic solar cells can be utilized as favorable photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices due to their enhanced life span and efficiency. In this research, seven new molecules were designed to improve the working efficiency of organic solar cells by utilizing a terminal acceptor modification approach. The perceived A2-D-A1-D-A2 configuration-based molecules possess a lower band gap ranging from 1.95 to 2.21 eV compared to the pre-existing reference molecule (RW), which has a band gap of 2.23 eV. The modified molecules also exhibit higher λmax values ranging from 672 to 768 nm in the gaseous and 715-839 nm in solvent phases, respectively, as compared to the (RW) molecule, which has λmax values at 673 and 719 nm in gas and chloroform medium, respectively. The ground state geometries, molecular planarity parameter, and span of deviation from the plane were analyzed to study the planarity of all of the molecules. The natural transition orbitals, the density of state, molecular electrostatic potential, noncovalent interactions, frontier molecular orbitals, and transition density matrix analysis of all studied molecules were executed to validate the optoelectronic properties of these molecules. Improved charge mobilities and dipole moments were observed, as newly designed molecules possessed lower internal reorganization energies. The open circuit voltage (Voc) of W4, W5, W6, and W7 among newly designed molecules was improved as compared to the reference molecule. These results elaborate on the superiority of these novel-designed molecules over the pre-existing (RW) molecule as potential blocks for better organic solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzeela Noor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic
University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Nanophotonics
and Applications (NPA) Lab, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Shanza Hameed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ateeq-ur-Rehman
- Department
of Physics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Samia Ben Ahmed
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. A. Alrafai
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi
- Department
of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- School
of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - N. M. A. Hadia
- Physics
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 2014, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abeer A. Hassan
- Departement
of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of chemistry, Faculty of science for Girls, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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8
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Krishna PUN, Muraleedharan K. Possible NLO response and electrical/charge transfer capabilities of natural anthraquinones as p-type organic semiconductors: a DFT approach. J Mol Model 2024; 30:57. [PMID: 38300376 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Organic semiconductors (OSCs) have attracted a great deal of interest in recent days. There are various types of OSCs, among which small molecules have various inherent benefits. Further research is needed to advance this new kind of material because the field is still developing, and the current focus is on creating small molecules that exist naturally for OSCs. OSCs with nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics offer a significant advantage over others. Thus, this study theoretically investigates naturally occurring anthraquinones such as chrysophanol and rhein as potential OSCs, as well as their NLO properties. The calculated properties include the ionization potential (IP), electron affinity (EA), and bandgap (Eg). The FMO energy levels together with the Eg, IP (8.17-8.53 eV), and EA (1.87-2.44 eV) suggest the semiconductor nature of the studied compounds. The calculated values of reorganization energy (λ) and transfer integrals (V) suggest the p-type character of both molecules. Rhein has the lowest λh (0.19 eV) and Eg (3.28 eV) and the highest Vh, predominantly because of its better p-type character. The polarizability increases due to the presence of an electron-withdrawing substituent, leading to better NLO performance for Rhein, which is supported by its lower LUMO and Eg values. METHODS The studied molecules were optimized with the DFT/B3LYP-GD3/6-31+G(d,p) method using Gaussian 16 software. The crystal structure was simulated with Materials Studio 7.0, and the V values were calculated with the ADF package. The CDD and DOS plots were obtained with the Multiwfn 3.8 program.
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Affiliation(s)
- P U Neenu Krishna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, 673635, Malappuram, India
| | - K Muraleedharan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, 673635, Malappuram, India.
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9
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Zubair H, Akhter MS, Waqas M, Ishtiaq M, Bhatti IA, Iqbal J, Skawky AM, Khera RA. A computational insight into enhancement of photovoltaic properties of non-fullerene acceptors by end-group modulations in the structural framework of INPIC molecule. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 126:108664. [PMID: 37948853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Improving the open circuit voltage is a major challenge for enhancing the overall efficiency of organic solar cells. Current work has concentrated on improving open-circuit voltage by designing new molecular frameworks from an INPIC molecule having a conjugated fused core. We modulated the structure by changing the terminal groups of the reference molecule (INPIC) with seven strong electron-withdrawing units. We investigated various optoelectronic attributes, charge transfer, and photovoltaic and geometrical parameters by compiling the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) functional of the DFT approach. The optical absorption for modulated molecules ranges from 748.51 nm to 845.96 nm while showing higher oscillation strength than INPIC. At the same time, their impressive charge transport is attributed to their smaller excitation and exciton binding energy, higher electron/hole mobility, narrower band gap, and a more than 99 % intramolecular charge transfer. The larger dipole moments help in the dense interaction of acceptors with employed donor J61 which, in turn, improves charge transfer at the donor-acceptor interface. One of the triumphs that are difficult to get in organic molecules is success in achieving a higher open circuit voltage (VOC). Our conceptualized molecular frameworks of acceptors are featured with a notable VOC improvement in the range of 1.84-2.05 eV. Thus, the results of the current investigation pave the root for architecting the acceptor molecules with impressive optoelectrical properties that may be capable of providing high photovoltaic output. Thus these acceptors can be utilized for the development of advanced organic solar cells in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhamed Salim Akhter
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P. O. Box 32028, Bahrain.
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Ishtiaq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ijaz Ahmed Bhatti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M Skawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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10
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Zaier R, Martel A, Antosiewicz TJ. Effect of Benzothiadiazole-Based π-Spacers on Fine-Tuning of Optoelectronic Properties of Oligothiophene-Core Donor Materials for Efficient Organic Solar Cells: A DFT Study. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10555-10569. [PMID: 38086177 PMCID: PMC10749456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, five novel A-π-D-π-A type molecules D1-D5 were designed by adding unusual benzothiadiazole derivatives as π-spacer blocks to the efficient reference molecule DRCN5T for application as donor materials in organic solar cells (OSCs). Based on a density functional theory approach, a comprehensive theoretical study was performed with different functionals (B3LYP, B3LYP-GD3, B3LYP-GD3BJ, CAM-B3LYP, M06, M062X, and wB97XD) and with different solvent types (PCM and SMD) at the extended basis set 6-311+g(d,p) to evaluate the structural, optoelectronic, and intramolecular charge transfer properties of these molecules. The B3LYP-GD3BJ hybrid functional was used to optimize the studied molecules in CHCl3 solution with the SMD model solvent as it provided the best results compared to experimental data. Transition density matrix maps were simulated to examine the hole-electron localization and the electronic excitation processes in the excited state, and photovoltaic parameters including open-circuit photovoltage and fill factor were investigated to predict the efficiency of these materials. All the designed materials showed promising optoelectronic and photovoltaic characteristics, and for most of them, a red shift. Out of the proposed molecules, [1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-d]pyridazine was selected as a promising π-spacer block to evaluate its interaction with PC61BM in a composite to understand the charge transfer between the donor and acceptor subparts. Overall, this study showed that adding π-spacer building blocks to the molecular structure is undoubtedly a potential strategy to further enhance the performance of donor materials for OSC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Zaier
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arnaud Martel
- Institut
des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR 6283 CNRS-Université du Maine, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Cedex Le Mans, France
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11
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Zahoor A, Sadiq S, Khera RA, Essid M, Aloui Z, Alatawi NS, Ibrahim MAA, Hasanin THA, Waqas M. A DFT study for improving the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells by designing symmetric non-fullerene acceptors by quantum chemical modification on pre-existed LC81 molecule. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108613. [PMID: 37659133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Minimizing the energy loss and improving the open circuit voltage of organic solar cells is still a primary concern for scientists working in this field. With the aim to enhance the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells by minimizing energy loss and improving open circuit voltage, seven new acceptor molecules (LC1-LC7) are presented in this work. These molecules are designed by modifying the terminal acceptors of pre-existed "LC81" molecule based on an indacinodithiophene (IDT) fused core. The end-group modification approach is very fruitful in ameliorating the efficacy and optoelectric behavior of OSCs. The newly developed molecules presented remarkable improvements in performance-related parameters and optoelectronic properties. Among all designed molecules, LC7 exhibited the highest absorption maxima (λmax = 869 nm) with the lowest band-gap (1.79 eV), lowest excitation energy (Ex = 1.42 eV), lowest binding energy, and highest excited state lifetime (0.41 ns). The newly designed molecules LC2, LC3, and LC4 exhibited remarkably improved Voc that was 1.84 eV, 1.82 eV, and 1.79 eV accordingly, compared to the LC81 molecule with Voc of 1.74 eV LC2 molecule showed significant improvement in fill factor compared to the previously presented LC81 molecule. LC2, LC6, and LC7 showed a remarkable reduction in energy loss by showing Eloss values of 0.26 eV, 0.18 eV, and 0.25 eV than LC81 molecule (0.37 eV). These findings validate the supremacy of these developed molecules (especially LC2) as potential components of future OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sonia Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zouhaier Aloui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naifa S Alatawi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Tamer H A Hasanin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. Box 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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12
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Khanam S, Akram SJ, Khera RA, Zohra ST, Shawky AM, Alatawi NS, Ibrahim MAA, Rashid EU. Exploration of charge transfer analysis and photovoltaics properties of A-D-A type non-fullerene phenazine based molecules to enhance the organic solar cell properties. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 125:108580. [PMID: 37544020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
To intensify the photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells, density functional theory (DFT) based computational techniques were implemented on six non-fullerene A-D-A type small molecules (N1-N6) modified from reference molecule (R) which consists of phenazine fused with 1,4- Dimethyl-4H-3,7-dithia-4-aza- cyclopenta [α] pentalene on both sides with one of its phenyl rings acting as the central donor unit, further attached with 2-(5,6-Difluoro-2-methylene-3-oxo-indan-1-ylidene)-malononitrile acceptor groups at terminal sites. All proposed compounds have a phenazine base modified with a variety of substituents at the terminals. Transition density matrix, density of states, frontier molecular orbitals, intramolecular charge transfer abilities and optoelectronic properties of these compounds were investigated using B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) and B3LYP/6-31G++ (d,p) level of theory. All six designed compounds exhibited a bathochromic sift in their λmax as compared to the R molecule. All designed molecules also have reduced band gap and smaller excitation energy than R. Among all, N6 exhibited highest λmax and lowest bandgap as compared to reference molecule indicating its promising photovoltaic properties. Decreased hole and electron reorganization energy in several of the suggested compounds is indicative of greater charge mobility in them. PTB7-Th donor was employed to calculate open circuit voltage of all investigated molecules. N1-N5 molecules had improved optoelectronic properties, significant probable power conversion efficiency as evident from their absorption aspects, high values of Voc, and fill factor, compared to R molecule. Designed A-D-A type NF based molecules make OSCs ideal for use in wearable devices, building-integrated photovoltaics and smart fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Khanam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Javaid Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Theoretical Physics IV, University of Bayreuth, Universität straße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Tul Zohra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naifa S Alatawi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Ehsan Ullah Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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13
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Rehman F, Hameed S, Khera RA, Shaban M, Essid M, Aloui Z, Al-Saeedi SI, Ibrahim MAA, Waqas M. High-Efficiency and Low-Energy-Loss Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Tuning the End Group Modification of the Terthiophene-Based Acceptor Molecules to Enhance Photovoltaic Properties. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42492-42510. [PMID: 38024709 PMCID: PMC10652832 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, six nonfullerene small acceptor molecules were designed by end-group modification of terminal acceptors. Density functional theory calculations of all designed molecules were performed, and optoelectronic properties were computed by employing different functionals. Every constructed molecule has a significant bathochromic shift in the maximum absorption value (λmax) except AM6. AM1-AM4 molecules represented a narrow band gap (Eg) and low excitation energy values. The AM1-AM4 and AM6 molecules have higher electron mobility. Comparing AM2 to the reference molecule reveals that AM2 has higher hole mobilities. Compared to the reference molecule, all compounds have excellent light harvesting efficiency values compared to AM1 and AM2. The natural transition orbital investigation showed that AM5 and AM6 had significant electronic transitions. The open-circuit voltage (Voc) values of the computed molecules were calculated by combining the designed acceptor molecules with PTB7-Th. In light of the findings, it is concluded that the designed molecules can be further developed for organic solar cells (OSCs) with superior photovoltaic abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faseh
Ur Rehman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shanza Hameed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Shaban
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic
University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, King Khalid
University (KKU), P.O. Box, Abha 9004. Saudi Arabia
| | - Zouhaier Aloui
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, King Khalid
University (KKU), P.O. Box, Abha 9004. Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi
- Department
of Chemistry. Collage of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.
Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- School
of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South
Africa
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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14
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Maqsood MH, Khera RA, Mehmood RF, Akram SJ, Al-Zaqri N, Ibrahim MAA, Noor S, Waqas M. End-cap modeling on the thienyl-substituted benzodithiophene trimer-based donor molecule for achieving higher photovoltaic performance. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 124:108550. [PMID: 37331259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the substantial advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs), the best devices still have quite low efficiencies due to less focus on donor molecules. With the intention to present efficient donor materials, seven small donor molecules (T1-T7) were devised from DRTB-T molecule by using end-capped modeling. Newly designed molecules exhibited remarkable improved optoelectronic properties such as less band gap (from 2.00 to 2.23 eV) than DRTB-T having band gap of 2.57 eV. Similarly, a significant improvement in λmax values was noticed in designed molecules in gaseous medium (666 nm-738 nm) and solvent medium (691 nm-776 nm) than DRTB-T having λmax values at 568 nm and 588 nm in gas and solvent phase respectively. Among all molecules, T1 and T3 exhibited significant improvement in optoelectronic properties such as narrow band gap, lower excitation energy, higher λmax values and lower electron reorganization energy as compared to pre-existed DRTB-T molecule. The better functional ability of T1-T7 is also suggested by an improvement in open circuit voltage (Voc) of designed structures (1.62 eV-1.77 eV) as compared to R (1.49 eV) when PC61BM is used as an acceptor. So, all our newly derived donors can be employed in the active layer of organic solar cells to manufacture efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Rana Farhat Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Javaid Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nabil Al-Zaqri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sadia Noor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim Stuttgart, 70599, Germany
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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15
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Zubair H, Mahmood RF, Waqas M, Ishtiaq M, Iqbal J, Ibrahim MAA, Sayed SRM, Noor S, Khera RA. Effect of tailoring π-linkers with extended conjugation on the SJ-IC molecule for achieving high VOC and improved charge mobility towards enhanced photovoltaic applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26050-26068. [PMID: 37664200 PMCID: PMC10472344 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03317a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of low efficiency of organic solar cells can be solved by improving the charge mobility and open circuit voltage of these cells. The current research aims to present the role of π-linkers, having extended conjugation, between the donor and acceptor moieties of indacenodithiophene core-based A-π-D-π-A type SJ-IC molecule to improve the photovoltaic performance of pre-existing SJ-IC. Several crucial photovoltaic parameters of SJ-IC and seven newly proposed molecules were studied using density functional theory. Surprisingly, this theoretical framework manifested that the tailoring of SJ-IC by replacing its π-linker with linkers having extended π-conjugation gives a redshift in maximum absorption coefficient in the range of 731.69-1112.86 nm in a solvent. In addition, newly designed molecules exhibited significantly narrower bandgaps (ranging from 1.33 eV to 1.93 eV) than SJ-IC having a bandgap of 2.01 eV. Similarly, newly designed molecules show significantly less excitation energy in gaseous and solvent phases than SJ-IC. Furthermore, the reorganization energies of DL1-DL7 are much lower than that of SJ-IC, indicating high charge mobility in these molecules. DL6 and DL7 have shown considerably improved open circuit voltage (VOC), reaching 1.49 eV and 1.48 eV, respectively. Thus, the modification strategy employed herein has been fruitful with productive effects, including better tuning of the energy levels, lower bandgaps, broader absorption, improved charge mobility, and increased VOC. Based on these results, it can be suggested that these newly presented molecules can be considered for practical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Rana Farhat Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Township Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Mariam Ishtiaq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University Minia 61519 Egypt
- School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Westville Campus Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Shaban R M Sayed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University P. O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadia Noor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim Stuttgart 70599 Germany
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
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16
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Sadiq S, Waqas M, Zahoor A, Mehmood RF, Essid M, Aloui Z, Khera RA, Akram SJ. Synergistic modification of end groups in Quinoxaline fused core-based acceptor molecule to enhance its photovoltaic characteristics for superior organic solar cells. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 123:108518. [PMID: 37235903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The competence of organic solar cells (OSCs) could be enhanced by improving the light absorption capabilities as well as the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of utilized molecules. To upgrade overall functionality of OSCs, seven new molecules were designed in this work using an end-cap alteration technique on Quinoxaline fused core-based non-fullerene acceptor (Qx-2) molecule. This technique is known to be quite advantageous in terms of improvement of the effectiveness and optoelectrical behavior of various OSCs. Critical parameters like the absorption maximum, frontier molecular orbitals, excitation energy, exciton binding energy, Voc, and fill factor of molecules were considered for the molecules thus designed. All newly designed molecules showed outstanding improvement in optoelectronic as well as performance-related properties. Out of all scrutinized molecules, Q1 exhibited highest wavelength of absorption peak (λmax = 779 nm) with the reduced band gap (1.90 eV), least excitation energy (Ex = 1.59 eV), along with the highest dipole moment (17.982950 D). Additionally, the newly designed compounds Q4, Q5, and Q6 exhibited significantly improved Vocs that were 1.55, 1.47, and 1.50 eV accordingly, as compared to the 1.37 eV of Qx-2 molecule. These molecules also showed remarkable improvement in fill factor attributed to direct correspondence of Voc with it. Inclusively, these results support the superiority of these newly developed molecules as prospective constituents of upgraded OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Farhat Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zouhaier Aloui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Sahar Javaid Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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17
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Gul S, Ans M, Abdelmohsen SAM, Alanazi MM, Hossain I, Iqbal J. Methoxy triphenylamine hexaazatrinaphthylene based small molecules as donor material for photovoltaic applications. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 122:108486. [PMID: 37080003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are capturing huge interest because of their numerous benefits, which include transparency, flexibility, and solution processability. In current project, five new donor molecules (J1-J5) were designed by employing the strategy of end capped alteration of the acceptor moieties on the two sides of the reference molecule. The Methoxy Triphenylamine hexaazatrinaphthylene (MeO-TPA-HATNA) have been used as a reference molecule in this study. DFT and TD-DFT methods employing B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) functional has been applied to perform different analysis. Geometrical, and opto-electronic features of all tailored chromophores were investigated, and comparison was made with the reference J. Among all tailored molecules, J5 shows highest λmax (862 nm) with the least band gap of 1.28 eV. TDM and DOS analysis revealed the high rate of charge transfer. Further, reorganization energy calculations are also executed to examine the charge transfer features of the designed molecules. The results shows that J5 among all these molecules has the highest rate of charge carrier (electron and hole) mobility with least RE values and this molecule can be used as a promising donor material for OSCs with remarkable charge transferring properties. Furthermore, the designed materials showed a suitable HOMO along with higher LUMO energy levels with respect to PC61BM molecule and coupling the PC61BM acceptor with investigated donor molecules gives highly increased Voc (0.66-0.76 V) than reference molecule (0.49 V) and also the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is elevated to 15.09%. The outcomes of current theoretical research have demonstrated that the end capped alteration of different acceptor groups is an excellent strategy to get OSCs with desirable photovoltaic performance. As, all the newly created molecules (J1-J5) have exhibited outstanding electronic and optical properties therefore, these can be expectedly prove excellent material for creating high efficiency future organic photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehla Gul
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shaimaa A M Abdelmohsen
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meznah M Alanazi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Hossain
- School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, 620000, Russia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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18
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Akram S, Hadia NMA, Shawky AM, Iqbal J, Khan MI, Alatawi NS, Ibrahim MAA, Ans M, Khera RA. Designing of Thiophene [3, 2-b] Pyrrole Ring-Based NFAs for High-Performance Electron Transport Materials: A DFT Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:11118-11137. [PMID: 37008161 PMCID: PMC10061509 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Among the blended components of a photoactive layer in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, the acceptor is of high importance. This importance is attributed to its increased ability to withdraw electrons toward itself for their effective transport toward the respective electrode. In this research work, seven new non-fullerene acceptors were designed for their possible utilization in the OPVs. These molecules were designed through side-chain engineering of the PTBTP-4F molecule, with its fused pyrrole ring-based donor core and different strongly electron-withdrawing acceptors. To elucidate their effectiveness, the band gaps, absorption characteristics, chemical reactivity indices, and photovoltaic parameters of all of the architecture molecules were compared with the reference. Through various computational software, transition density matrices, graphs of absorption, and density of states were also plotted for these molecules. From some chemical reactivity indices and electron mobility values, it was proposed that our newly designed molecules could be better electron-transporting materials than the reference. Among all, TP1, due to its most stabilized frontier molecular orbitals, lowest band gap and excitation energies, highest absorption maxima in both the solvent and gas medium, least hardness, highest ionization potential, superior electron affinity, lowest electron reorganization energy, as well as highest rate constant of charge hopping, seemed to be the best molecule in terms of its electron-withdrawing abilities in the photoactive layer blend. In addition, in terms of all of the photovoltaic parameters, TP4-TP7 was perceived to be better suited in comparison to TPR. Thus, all our suggested molecules could act as superior acceptors to TPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar
Javaid Akram
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - N. M. A. Hadia
- Physics
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72446, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science
and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department
of Chemistry and Punjab Bio-Energy Institute, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Naifa S. Alatawi
- Physics
Department, Faculty of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- School of
Health Sciences, University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, Westville, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Muhammad Ans
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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19
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Waqas M, Hadia NMA, Shawky AM, Mahmood RF, Essid M, Aloui Z, Alatawi NS, Iqbal J, Khera RA. Theoretical framework for achieving high V oc in non-fused non-fullerene terthiophene-based end-capped modified derivatives for potential applications in organic photovoltaics. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7535-7553. [PMID: 36908528 PMCID: PMC9993241 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-fused ring-based OSCs are an excellent choice, which is attributed to their low cost and flexibility in applications. However, developing efficient and stable non-fused ring-based OSCs is still a big challenge. In this work, with the intent to increase V oc for enhanced performance, seven new molecules derived from a pre-existing A-D-A type A3T-5 molecule are proposed. Different important optical, electronic and efficiency-related attributes of molecules are studied using the DFT approach. It is discovered that newly devised molecules possess the optimum features required to construct proficient OSCs. They possess a small band gap ranging from 2.22-2.29 eV and planar geometries. Six of seven newly proposed molecules have less excitation energy, a higher absorption coefficient and higher dipole moment than A3T-5 in both gaseous and solvent phases. The A3T-7 molecule exhibited the maximum improvement in optoelectronic properties showing the highest λ max at 697 nm and the lowest E x of 1.77 eV. The proposed molecules have lower ionization potential values, reorganization energies of electrons and interaction coefficients than the A3T-5 molecule. The V oc of six newly developed molecules is higher (V oc ranging from 1.46-1.72 eV) than that of A3T-5 (V oc = 1.55 eV). Similarly, almost all the proposed molecules except W6 exhibited improvement in fill factor compared to the A3T-5 reference. This remarkable improvement in efficiency-associated parameters (V oc and FF) proves that these molecules can be successfully used as an advanced version of terthiophene-based OSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - N M A Hadia
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University P.O. Box 2014 Sakaka Al-Jouf Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Farhat Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Township Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Manel Essid
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU) P.O. Box 9004 Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Zouhaier Aloui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University (KKU) P.O. Box 9004 Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Naifa S Alatawi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk Tabuk 71421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
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20
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Asif A, Maqsood N, Akram SJ, Nouman M, Elmushyakhi A, Shawky AM, Iqbal J. Efficient side-chain engineering of thieno-imidazole salt-based molecule to boost the optoelectronic attributes of organic solar cells: A DFT approach. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 121:108428. [PMID: 36801585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on modeling and density functional theory (DFT) analysis of reference (AI1) and designed structures (AI11-AI15), based on the thieno-imidazole core, in order to create profitable candidates for solar cells. All the optoelectronic properties of the molecular geometries were computed using DFT and time dependent-DFT approaches. The influence of terminal acceptors on the bandgaps, absorption, hole and electron mobilities, charge transfer capabilities, fill factor, dipole moment, etc. Of the recently designed structures (AI11-AI15), as well as reference (AI1), were evaluated. Optoelectronics and chemical parameters of newly architecture geometries were shown to be superior to the cited molecule. The FMOs and DOS graphs also demonstrated that the linked acceptors remarkably improved the dispersion of charge density in the geometries under study, particularly in AI11 and AI14. Calculated values of binding energy and chemical potential confirmed the thermal stability of the molecules. All the derived geometries surpassed the AI1 (Reference) molecule in terms of maximum absorbance ranging from 492 to 532 nm (in chlorobenzene solvent) and a narrower bandgap ranging from 1.76 to 1.99eV. AI15 had the lowest exciton dissociation energy of 0.22eV as well as lowest electrons and hole dissociation energies, while AI11 and AI14 showed highest VOC, fill factor, power conversion efficiency (PCE), IP and EA (owing to presence of strong electron pulling cyano (CN) moieties at their acceptor portions and extended conjugation) than all the examined molecules, implying that they could be used to build elite solar cells with enhanced photovoltaic attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeba Asif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Maqsood
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Javaid Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nouman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abraham Elmushyakhi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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21
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Abdul Zahra MM, Taban TZ, Kadhim MM, Abdullaha SAH, Almashhadani HA, Rheima AM, Hachim SK, Ebadi AG. Engineering promising A-π-D type molecules for efficient organic-based material solar cells. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2023.2165125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Musaddak Maher Abdul Zahra
- Computer Techniques Engineering Department, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Iraq
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, Hilla, Babil, Iraq
| | - Taleeb Zedan Taban
- Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering Department, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit, Iraq
| | - Mustafa M. Kadhim
- Advanced Research Center, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Haider Abdulkareem Almashhadani
- Dentistry Department, Al-Rasheed University College, Baghdad, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Mahdi Rheima
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University College, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Safa K. Hachim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Osol Aldeen University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Abdol Ghaffar Ebadi
- Department of Agriculture, Jouybar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jouybar, Iran
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22
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Rani M, Hadia NMA, Shawky AM, Mehmood RF, Hameed S, Zahid S, Iqbal J, Alatawi NS, Ahmed A, Khera RA. Novel A-π-D-π-A type non-fullerene acceptors of dithienyl diketopyrropopyrrole derivatives to enhance organic photovoltaic applications: a DFT study. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1640-1658. [PMID: 36712641 PMCID: PMC9833106 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07291b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To boost the photovoltaic attributes of organic photovoltaic cells, seven dithienyl diketopyrropopyrrole (TDPP) donor-based A-π-D-π-A (acceptor-bridge-donor-bridge-acceptor) type molecules (TM1-TM7) were formulated by modifying the electron accepting ends of the reference molecule (TMR). Optical and quantum chemical parameters of seven synthesized molecules were investigated using density functional theory with the MPW1PW91/6-31G(d,p) functional. Several parameters that can be used to measure and improve the efficiency of solar cells have been analyzed and summed up. These parameters include binding energy of exciton, excitation energy of electron, reorganization energies, dipole moment, molecular electrostatic potential, charge mobility, wavelength of maximum absorption, open circuit voltage, short circuit current, fill factor, density of states, transition density matrices, as well as iso-surface and non-covalent interactions. Thus, all of our proposed structures are perceived to be superior to the reference in terms of the maximum possible solar energy yield in solar cells with bulk heterojunctions, as determined by analyses of our designed molecules for the aforementioned parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafia Rani
- Department of Chemistry, University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan
| | - N. M. A. Hadia
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf UniversityP.O. Box 2014SakakaAl-JoufSaudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah 21955Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Farhat Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of EducationTownshipLahore 54770Pakista
| | - Shanza Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan
| | - Saba Zahid
- Department of Chemistry, University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan,Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of BahrainSakhir, P. O. Box 32038Bahrain
| | - Naifa S. Alatawi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of TabukTabuk 71421Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Ahmed
- Department of Computer Science Faculty of Computer and Information Technology, University of TabukTabukSaudi Arabia
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23
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Carbazole-based donor materials with enhanced photovoltaic parameters for organic solar cells and hole-transport materials for efficient perovskite solar cells. J Mol Model 2022; 28:367. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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24
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End-group Modification of terminal acceptors on benzothiadiazole-based BT2F-IC4F molecule to establish efficient organic solar cells. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Waqas M, Iqbal J, Mehmood RF, Akram SJ, Shawky AM, Raheel M, Rashid EU, Khera RA. Impact of end-capped modification of MO-IDT based non-fullerene small molecule acceptors to improve the photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 116:108255. [PMID: 35779337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory, along with its time dependent computational approach were employed in order to fine tune the photovoltaic attributes along with the efficiency of the MO-IDIC-2F molecule. Thus, five new molecules were designed by substitution of the different notable acceptor fragments in the MO-IDIC-2F molecule, along with the addition of the "[1, 2, 5] thiadiazolo[3,4-d] pyridazine" spacer moieties between donor core and newly substituted acceptor groups. In this research work, various photovoltaic properties, which could affect the efficiency of an organic chromophores, such as bandgap, oscillator strength, dipole moment, binding energy, light-harvesting efficiency, etc. were studied. All the newly proposed molecules demonstrated significantly improved outcomes in comparison to that of the reference molecule, in their absorption spectrum, excitation, as well as binding energy values, etc. In order to confirm the results of optoelectronic properties, density of states, transition density matrix, and electrostatic potential analyses of molecules were also performed, which supported our computational findings. All of the results confirmed the high potential of all the newly proposed molecules for the development of improved OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Rana Farhat Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan.
| | - Sahar Javaid Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Raheel
- Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, 87300, Pakistan
| | - Ehsan Ullah Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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26
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Novel A-π-D-π-A-type non-fullerene acceptors for solution-processed organic photovoltaic cells: A DFT study. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Rani S, Al-Zaqri N, Iqbal J, Akram SJ, Boshaala A, Mehmood RF, Saeed MU, Rashid EU, Khera RA. Designing dibenzosilole core based, A 2-π-A 1-π-D-π-A 1-π-A 2 type donor molecules for promising photovoltaic parameters in organic photovoltaic cells. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29300-29318. [PMID: 36320777 PMCID: PMC9558076 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05934g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research work, four new molecules from the π-A-π-D-π-A-π type reference molecule "DBS-2PP", were designed for their potential application in organic solar cells by adding peripheral A2 acceptors to the reference. Under density functional theory, a comprehensive theoretical investigation was conducted to examine the structural geometries, along with the optical and photovoltaic parameters; comprising frontier molecular orbitals, density of states, light-harvesting effectiveness, excitation, binding, and reorganizational energies, molar absorption coefficient, dipole moment, as well as transition density matrix of all the molecules under study. In addition, some photo-voltaic characteristics (open circuit photo-voltage and fill factor) were also studied for these molecules. Although all the developed compounds (D1-D4) surpassed the reference molecule in the attributes mentioned above, D4 proved to be the best. D4 possessed the narrowest band-gap, as well as the highest absorption maxima and dipole moment of all the molecules in both the evaluated phases. Moreover, with PC61BM as the acceptor, D4 showed the maximum V OC and FF values. Furthermore, while D3 had the greatest hole mobility owing to its lowest value of hole reorganization energy, D4 exhibited the maximum electron mobility due to its lowermost value of electron reorganization energy. Overall, all the chromophores proposed in this study showed outstanding structural, optical, and photovoltaic features. Considering this, organic solar cell fabrication can be improved by using these newly derived donors at the donor-acceptor interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Rani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Nabil Al-Zaqri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain Zallaq Bahrain
| | - Sahar Javaid Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Boshaala
- Research Centre, Manchester Salt & Catalysis Unit C, 88-90 Chorlton Rd M15 4AN Manchester UK
- Libyan Authority for Scientific Research P. O. Box 80045 Tripoli Libya
| | - Rana Farhat Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Township Lahore 54770 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Ehsan Ullah Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38000 Pakistan
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28
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Engineering of A-π-D-π-A system based non-fullerene acceptors to enhance the photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells; A DFT approach. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Qaisar M, Zahid S, Khera RA, El-Badry YA, Saeed MU, Mehmood RF, Iqbal J. Molecular Modeling of Pentacyclic Aromatic Bislactam-Based Small Donor Molecules by Altering Auxiliary End-Capped Acceptors to Elevate the Photovoltaic Attributes of Organic Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20528-20541. [PMID: 35755375 PMCID: PMC9219062 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule (SM)-based organic solar cells (OSCs) have dominated the photovoltaic industry on account of their efficient optical and electronic properties. This quantum mechanical study addresses a DFT study of pentacyclic aromatic bislactam (PCL)-based small molecules for extremely proficient OSCs. Five novel small molecules (PCLM1-PCLM5) retaining the A-π-A-π-D-π-A-π-A arrangement were fabricated from the reference PCLR. At the MPW1PW91/6-31G** level of theory, detailed profiling of these novel molecules was performed by accurately following DFT, along with the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) hypothetical simulations to analyze the UV-visible absorption (λmax), light-harvesting efficiency (LHE), dipole moment (μ), fill factor (FF), open-circuit voltage (V OC), power conversion efficiency (PCE), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), binding energy (E b), density of states (DOS), electrostatic potential (ESP), and transition density matrix (TDM) plots. Alteration of peripheral acceptors in all of the molecular structures drastically modified their charge-transfer properties, such as a strong light-harvesting capability in the range of 0.9993-0.9998, reduced exciton E b (from 0.34 to 0.39 eV), a reduced bandgap (E g) in the range of 1.66-1.99 eV, an elevated λmax (775-959 nm) along with a higher μ in the solvent phase (1.934-7.865 D) when studied in comparison with PCLR, possessing an LHE of 0.9986, an E b of 0.40, an E g 2.27 eV, λmax at 662 nm, and a μ of 0.628 D. The FMO analysis revealed the uniform dispersal of charge density entirely along the highest occupied (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied (LUMO) molecular orbitals in newly constructed moieties. Electron as well as hole mobility rates, V OC, FF, and PCE of all novel molecules (PCLM1-PCLM5) were higher as compared with those of PCLR, ultimately making them exceptional candidates for solar devices. Focusing on the outcomes, terminal acceptor modification was found to be a suitable method for the development of highly tuned OSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoor Qaisar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Saba Zahid
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yaser A. El-Badry
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University,
khurma, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umar Saeed
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rana Farhat Mehmood
- Department
of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Punjab
Bio-energy Institute, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
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30
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Ayub AR, Yaqoob U, Rafiq S, Shehzad RA, Ayub K, Iqbal J, Li H, Mahmoud KH, Elsayed KA. A Quantum Chemical Study of Outstanding Structural, Electronic and Nonlinear Optical Polarizability of Boron Nitride (B12N12) Doped with Super Salt (P7BaNO3). J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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31
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Undiandeye UJ, Louis H, Gber TE, Egemonye TC, Agwamba EC, Undiandeye IA, Adeyinka AS, Ita BI. Spectroscopic, conformational analysis, structural benchmarking, excited state dynamics, and the photovoltaic properties of Enalapril and Lisinopril. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Liu J, jabbari H, Kadhim MM, Javed Ansari M, Ghaffar Ebadi A. Design organic material with acceptor-π-donor configuration for high performance solar cells. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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33
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End-capped group modification on cyclopentadithiophene based non-fullerene small molecule acceptors for efficient organic solar cells; a DFT approach. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 113:108162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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34
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Moore GJ, Bardagot O, Banerji N. Deep Transfer Learning: A Fast and Accurate Tool to Predict the Energy Levels of Donor Molecules for Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth John Moore
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bardagot
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
| | - Natalie Banerji
- Department of Chemistry Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Bern Freiestrasse 3 Bern 3012 Switzerland
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Akram SJ, Hadia NMA, Iqbal J, Mehmood RF, Iqbal S, Shawky AM, Asif A, Somaily HH, Raheel M, Khera RA. Impact of various heterocyclic π-linkers and their substitution position on the opto-electronic attributes of the A–π–D–π–A type IECIO-4F molecule: a comparative analysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:20792-20806. [PMID: 35919141 PMCID: PMC9297698 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the consequence of different substitution positions of various π-linkers on the photovoltaic properties of an organic solar cell molecule, we have introduced two series of six three-donor molecules, by the substitution of some effective π-linkers on the A–π–D–π–A type reference molecule IECIO-4F (taken as IOR). In series “a” the thienyl or furyl bridge is directly linked between the donor and acceptor moieties, while in series “b” the phenyl ring of the same bridge is working as the direct point of attachment. The frontier molecular orbitals, density of states, transition density matrix, molecular electrostatic potential surfaces, exciton binding energy, excitation energy, wavelength of maximum absorption, open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and some other photovoltaic attributes of the proposed molecules were analyzed through density functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent (TD) approach; the TD-DFT method. Though both series of newly derived molecules were a step up from the reference molecule in almost all of the studied characteristics, the “a” series (IO1a to IO3a) seemed to be better due to their desirable properties such as the highest maximum absorption wavelength (λmax), open-circuit voltage, and fill factor, along with the lowest excitation and exciton dissociation energy, etc. of its molecules. Also, the studied morphology, optical characteristics, and electronic attributes of this series of proposed molecules signified the fact that the molecules with thienyl or furyl ring working as the direct link between the acceptor and donor molecules showed enhanced charge transfer abilities, and could provide a maximum quantum yield of the solar energy supplied. We have introduced two series of six three-donor molecules, by the substitution of some effective π-linkers on the A–π–D–π–A type reference molecule IECIO-4F (taken as IOR) for efficient organic solar cells.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Javaid Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - N. M. A. Hadia
- Physics Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rana Farhat Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Iqbal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Wah Engineering College, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, 47040 Wah Cantt, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M. Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areeba Asif
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - H. H. Somaily
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Raheel
- Department of Chemistry, Baluchistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta 87300, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Rashid EU, Iqbal J, Khan MI, El-Badry YA, Ayub K, Khera RA. Synergistic end-capped engineering on non-fused thiophene ring-based acceptors to enhance the photovoltaic properties of organic solar cells. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12321-12334. [PMID: 35480353 PMCID: PMC9036051 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00851c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The computational analysis revealed the bathochromic shift of the UV-visible absorption, reduced band gap have and increased LHE of all developed molecules as compared to the reference molecule. VOC was calculated by making their complex of molecules with PTB7-Th donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ullah Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
- Punjab Bio-energy Institute, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yaser A. El-Badry
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Khurma, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, KPK 22060, Pakistan
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Rafiq M, Salim M, Noreen S, Ahmad Khera R, Noor S, Yaqoob U, Iqbal J. End-capped modification of dithienosilole based small donor molecules for high performance organic solar cells using DFT approach. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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